• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.1-19
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• 2003

In Scandinavian countries, where the society experienced change of typical nuclear family structure and higher vocational activity rates of married women earlier than East Asian countries, cohousing scheme has been evolved as an alternative housing to reduce housework for working women, and to reduce loneliness of elderly people who stay in their own homes. They can promote active mutual relationship among residents in the community. Korean family structure has been stemmed to more like extended family, but the tendency to live independently from their married children is getting more and more common in new cohort of senior citizens who are active, healthy, economically stable and higher educated. Korea has been industrialized rather rapidly since 1970's and faces to many societal phenomena about quality of life for senior citizens. Introduction of alternative housing solution for these senior citizens is necessary in Korea. In this paper, Danish senior cohousing scheme, particularly, self-work model project is described about its design feature in accordance to site planning, common facility, and dwelling unit. Aiming to mutual support and more frequent social contacts among residents, self-work model cohousing scheme has different design concept from the service mode scheme. Information about design feature of senior cohousing was collected from the published data with drawings and from field survey to 10 exiting projects in Denmark. Of those, 5 projects were described as a case study. It, hopefully, could provide practical information for architectural design when establishment of senior cohousing schemes start in Korea in the near future.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.79-89
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to draw the implication for building domestic housing-related co-operatives by understanding activities of housing-related co-operatives from case study and by suggesting the start-up typology for possible domestic housing-related co-operatives and requisites for building them. According to their activities housing-related co-operatives are categorized into three types which are housing supply and operation type, maintain and improve the existing housing type, and design and performance improvement type. National housing policy should be connected to housing co-operatives indirectly. That is, the policy direction ought to be not toward controlling housing co-operatives, letting them supply more houses directly, but toward supporting voluntary co-operatives, showing them the overall housing policy blueprint. Co-operatives cannot be a panacea. Too much protection or support for co-operatives could lead to a reverse discrimination against private companies, and the co-operatives might overuse this kind of prominent position. We need to focus on the possibility of the role of co-operatives as a facilitator for local economy rather than a perfect substitute for the existing economy system.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.71-78
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to suggest customized service for managing solitary death using lifelog of the elderly living alone. The use of the lifelog technology is due to the advantage of suggesting a personalized service by analyzing the current situation by searching the past experiences of the elderly living alone. The method of study is reviewing literature and previous studies and collecting and analyzing the lifelog information of elderly living alone. The results of the study are as follows. First, it examined the problem of solitary death of the elderly living alone and tried to grasp the problem of the service using the IT technology supported by the government. Second, the lifelog information of the elderly living alone A was collected for two weeks. And the daily patterns of elderly living alone were analyzed through lifelog interpretation. Third, we proposed and discussed the residents' personalized service for managing solitary death based on the lifelog of the elderly living alone. It is an advantage of this paper that it is possible to support customized services by analyzing the general behavior of the elderly living alone and the exceptional behavior in the housing. However, the limitation of this study is that it does not reflect more subjects with various characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.31-46
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze the contents of elderly housing in the unit "Family Life & Housing" in Technology & Home Economics 9th grade textbooks. The results of this study are as follows: First, the contents, illustrations, pictures, floor-plans, graphs and tables in current unit "Family Life & Housing" varied widely among textbooks and some didn't even contain these informations. Illustrations and pictures which are suit to the content and which contain positive image of space and living should be chosen. Second, most of the contents about elderly housing were concentrated on the life cycle, three-generation housing and universal design, discussed in chapter 'utility of living space.' The unification of overlapped contents and description which don't have stereotype about elderly housing are needed. Not only the interior environment but also the exterior environment of the elders and life-support service for them should be included in the contents. Contents that reflect the change of future population composition and the ratio of three-generation household are required. The elderly housing floor plan needs to be diversified in quantity such as ones which reflect the Korean characteristics or ones which enable person an independent life.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.59-75
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• 2008

This study is designed to support the development and the teaching of revised curriculum of 2007 "Technology & Home Economics" by investigating the actual condition and the necessity of education for elderly housing education. Questionnaire survey was conducted with 488 high school students in Gyeongnam in 2008. The data analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test by using SPSS 14 program. The results showed that most of the students were dissatisfied with their middle school education of elderly housing due to the lack of interesting and practical contents. Thus, various teaching-learning methods where student can experience and experiment is needed. Also, the students demanded more of factors of elderly housing, spacing plan, elderly welfare service and less of three-generation housing and senior housing in their elderly housing education. The needs of education contents differed among students depending on variables such as sex, graduated middle school, household income, dwelling space and length of residential years. Therefore, revised 2007 curriculum of "Technology & Home Economics" should include required contents in related chapters. Because there are significant differences among textbooks about elderly housing, further attention needs to be paid to the new textbooks in order to include education contents evenly. At the same time, teachers should organize their teaching contents considering the divergence of variables. The effect of elderly housing education will be maximized if the revised curriculum consists of more experimental activities such as elderly simulation in the local community.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.64-73
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• 2010

The stagnation of unsold houses is recently aggravated due to domestic and overseas crisis of finance and real-sector economy and domestic housing construction is in serious difficulty. Thus, tax support is necessary for national housing construction. Due to the current tax exemption system of national housing, V.A.T. paid in the construction of national housing is not deducted. Namely, it is ascribed to consumer as it is reflected in the construction cost. This research intends to analyze the limit of V.A.T. tax exemption system, to present the necessity of applying zero rate and to calculate the scale of non-deduction of V.A.T. purchase tax amount for national housing by analyzing the construction site of apartment house of house constructor in order to analyze the effect of zero rate when it is applied on the basis of above ground. In the zero rate system, V.A.T. is not collected from the consumers like the present tax exemption system. However, the purchase tax amount borne in the construction of national housing is deducted totally. As purchase tax is deducted, constructor will promote supplying national housing thanks to the effect of solving financial difficulties and improving liquidity. Since the architecture cost and parceling-out price can be lowered due to the improved liquidity of constructor, the policy will actually help the people without house.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.43-60
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate what life safety services the elderly living alone in rural areas need and to propose the life safety services that they actually need. The research subjects were 1,000 people aged 65 years and over living in the rural areas of Korea. Among the total 1,000 respondents, 283 elderly people who did not live together with their married children were included in this study. Data were analyzed through frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows. First, the needs of health care services and vehicle support services (when the elderly went to the hospital or walked out) were high. These were services related to health, which means that the health of the elderly is not good and that they are interested in health. Of course, it is important to treat the disease. However, it is more important to prevent disease and maintain health. An expansion of these services is urgently needed. Second, the need for life safety services was affected by the frequency of contact with neighbors, uncomfortable housing, exercise, the frequency of contact with children, gas accidents, and nutrition variables. Through this analysis, we propose to include the housing improvement service, nutrition improvement services, and expanding social relations services in the life safety services.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.89-100
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for the familial voluntary service of the Healthy Family Center and then verify the effectiveness of its application in order to improve family healthy through a familial voluntary service. Study subjects were both volunteers who belonged to family volunteer corps of 12 Healthy Family Centers. Collected data was analyzed SPSS WIN 12.0 program. The results were as followed. First, a 54.1% of subjects is taking part in a familial voluntary service, while a 45.9% of them is not. Their positive intention of future participation is a 77.4%. The period of participation is from 6 months to two years. The frequency of participation is once or twice a month, and the length of activities per participation is for 3 hours. They have taken part in the service with a variety of public relations, and their motive of participation is by and large selfish. Second, as for the influence of participation in a familial voluntary service upon family healthy, the family healthy of participant group is higher in all the four sub-variables of family healthy than that of other groups. The group of which frequency of participation is once a week is better in family communication than the group of which frequency of participation is once or twice per month. The group of which motive of participation is altruistic is higher in sharing a value system among families than the group of which motive of participation is selfish.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.43-59
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• 1977

The Community Health Service considers the family as a service unit and places the emphasis of its service on the health problems and the nursing needs of the family rather than the individual. From the conceptual point of view that tile community health service is both health maintenance and health promotion of the family, the community health nurse should have a knowledge of the growth and development of the family and be responsible for the comprehensive support of normal family development. The community health nurse often is in a position to make a real contribution to normal family development. In order to investigate the relationship between the areas of nursing need and family development, the following objectives were established 1. To discover the general characteristics of the study population by the stage of family development. 2. To discover specific nursing needs in relation to the family developmental stage, and to determine the intensity of the nursing needs and the ability of the family to cope with these needs. 3. To discover overall family health nursing problems in relation to the family developmental stage and determine the intensity of the nursing need and the problem solving ability of family. Definitions : The family developmental stages as classified by Dually were used stage 1. Married couples(without children) stage 2. Childbearing Families (oldest child birth to 30 months of age) stage 3. Families with preschool children (oldest child 2½-to 6 years) stage 4. Families with schoolchildren (oldest child 6 to 13 years). stage 5. Families with teenagers (oldest child 13 to 20 years) stage 6. Families as launching centers (first child gone to last child′s leaving home). stage 7. Middle- aged parents (empty nest to retirement) stage 8. Aging family member (retirement to death of both spouses) The areas of nursing need were defined as those used in the study, "A Comprehensive Study about Health and Nursing Need and a Social Diagram of the Community", by tile Nursing research Institute and Center for population. and Family Planning, July 1974. The study population defiled and selected were 260 nuclear families ill two myron of Kang Hwa Island. Percent, mean value and F- test were utilized in tile statistical analysis of the study result. Findings : 1. General characteristics of the study population by tile family developmental stage ; 1)The study population was distributed by the family developmental stage as follows : stage 1 : 3 families stage 2 : 13 families stage 3 : 24 families stage 4 : 41 families stage 5 : 50 families stage 6 : 106 families stage 7 : 13 families stage 8 : 10 families 2) Most families had 4 or 5 members except for those in stage, 1, 7, and 8. 3) The parents′ present age was older in the higher developmental stage and their age at marriage was also younger in the higher developmental stages. 4) The educational level of parents was primarily less than elementary school irrespective of the developmental stage. 5) More than half of parents′ occupations were listed as laborers irrespective of the developmental stage, 6) More than half of the parents were atheists irrespective of the developmental stage. 7) The higher the developmental stage(from stage 2 to stage 6 ), the wider the distribution of children′s ages. 8) More than half of the families were of middle or lower socio-economic level. 2. Problems in specific areas of nursing need by family developmental stage, the intensity of nursing need and the problem solving ability of the family : 1) As a whole, many problems, irrespective of the developmental stage, occurred in tile areas of Housing and Sanitation, Eating Patterns, Housekeeping, Preventive Measures and Dental care. Problems occurring ill particular stages included the following ; stage 1 : Prevention of Accident stage 2 : Preventive Vaccination, Family Planning. stage 3 : Preventive Vaccination, Maternal Health, Family Planning, Health of Infant and Preschooler. stage 4, 5 : Preventive Vaccination, Family Planning, Health of School Children. stage 6 : Preventive Vaccination, Health of School Children. 2) The intensity of the nursing need in the area of Acute and Chronic Diseases was generally of moderate degree or above irrespective of the developmental stages except for stage 1. Other areas of need listed as moderate or above were found in the following stages: stage 1 : Maternal Health stage 3 . Horsing and Sanitation, Prevention of Accident. stage 4 . Housing and Sanitation. stage 5 : Housing and Sanitation, Diagnostic and Medical Care. stage 6 : Diagnostic and Medical care stage 7 : Diagnostic and Medical Care, Housekeeping. stage 8 : Housing and Sanitation, Prevention of Accident, Diagnostic and Medical Care, Dental Care, Eating Patterns, Housekeeping. 3) Areas of need with moderate problem solving ability or less were as follows : stage 1 : Diagnostic and Medical Care, Maternal Health. stage 2 : Prevention of Accident, Acute and Chronic Disease, Dental Care. stage 3 : Housing and Sanitation, Acute and Chronic Disease, Diagnostic and Medical Care, Preventive Measure, Dental Care, Maternal Health, Health of Infant and preschooler, Eating Patterns. stage 4 : Housing and Sanitation, Prevention of Accident, Diagnostic and Medical Care, Preventive Measure, Dental Care, Maternal Health, Health of New Born, Health of Infant and Preschooler, Health of school Children, Eating Patterns, Housekeeping. stage 5 . Housing and Sanitation, Prevention of Accident, Acute and Chronic Disease, Diagnostic and Medical Care, Preventive Measure, Dental Care, Preventive Vaccination, Maternal Health, Eating Patterns. stage 7, 8 : Housing and Sanitation, Prevention of Accident, Acute and Chronic Disease, Diagnostic and Medical Care, Preventive Measures, Dental Care, Preventive Vaccination, Eating Patterns , Housekeeping. Problem occurrence, the degree of nursing need and the degree of problem solving ability 1 nursing need areas for the family as a whole were as follows : 1) The higher the stages(except stage 1 ), the lower the rate of problem occurrence. 2) The higher the stage becomes, the lower the intensity of the nursing need becomes. 3) The higher the stages (except stages 7 and 8), the higher. the problem solving ability. Conclusions ; 1) When the nursing care plan for the family is drawn up, depending upon the stage of family development, higher priority should be give to nursing need areas ① at which problems were shown to occur ② where the nursing need is shown to be above moderate degree and ③ where the problem solving ability was shown to be of moderate degree. 2) The priority of the nursing service should be Placed ① not on those families in the high developmental stage but on those families in the low developmental stage ② and on those areas of need shown in stages 7 and 8 where the degree nursing need was high and the ability to cope low.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.3-12
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• 2018

Hospice is the wholistic caring service for terminally ill patient and his family so that he can live in dignity and maintain the quality of life until he passes away peacefully. The purpose of this study is to compare the development of hospice movement in UK, USA, Japan and Korea, to analyze space configuration characteristics of facilities built between 1980-2009 through case study. The result is as follows. First, The modern hospice started in England and it has spread around the world rapidly. In Korea, hospice service was introduced even prior to US and Japan and developed in spite of poor medical environment. The application of health insurance subsidies were late compared to other countries, but the hospice and palliative care system was quickly set on the basis of precedent cases. Second, the number of hospital beds per facility is decreasing, and it has been divided into smaller clusters for the residential atmosphere. The controversy between private rooms and multi-patient room is still ongoing, and increasing facilities without in-patient service. Rather than establishing uniform and absolute regulations, it is necessary to design a flexible space which can cope with various situations such as patients' needs, service changes, and manpower status. Third, the spaces for family members and friends to stay in both private rooms and communal spaces are increasing. Forth, Facilities for patients with different needs, such as children and adolescents and AIDS patients, have been developed in UK and USA. Further research on of patients' diverse needs and customized environmental support is necessary.