• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.52
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• pp.201-221
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• 2003

This paper aims to examine whether there are significant differences in various aspects of a household's arrangements by type of employment of married woman; 1) the extent of the division of labor, 2) the authority of decision making, and 3) financial and expenditure responsibilities. It also investigates the determinants of gender equality in the family. Based on data collected in the fall of 2002 from a representative sample of the Korean population, this study finds that nonstandard employment of married woman including temporary work and daily basis work does not contribute to gender equality within the household, although most of nonstandard employees are full-time workers. However, standard employment of married woman contribute to gender equality in the family. The results of this study show that husbands whose wives are standard-employed are more likely to take part in housework chores that are female-dominated, and standardly employed wives are more likely than non-standardly employed or housewives to take part in the household's financial and expenditure responsibilities. Standardly employed wives also have more power in decision making process within households. On the contrary, non-standardly employed wives gain no advantage over housewives within their families, due to lack of bargaining resources that enable them to affect the household's arrangements. Thus, they have confronted additional burdens, which stem from carrying the dual role of doing house work as well as paid work. Such increasing work-family conflict may bring about disruption of family. Therefore, this study maintains that it is high time that government-level efforts should be made in order to improve the status of irregularly employed wives in the workplace.

• Korea Real Estate Review
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.105-120
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• 2014

This research is to examine the impacts of the on-going global financial crisis on the housing systems of welfare states. Four developed economies in the Western Europe were selected for the analysis, and the qualitative research employed in-depth interviews with scholars in the fields of housing market and social policy in order to meet the research goal. The major findings indicate that the global economic crisis embedded into the liberalization of housing finance and the inadequacy of regulatory measures caused the vicissitude of housing markets, and its scale and magnitude could be determined by the resilience of each state's housing system. While the globalization of housing finance markets rendered easy borrowing for homeownership, intensive competition for excessive lending among financial institutions backed by heavy reliance on inter-bank and overall bank triggered market volatility, and further worsened household and public debts. It's clearly evident that a housing system with varied safety nets becomes a greater cushion to bear the risks of the financial crisis and to weather the economic storm.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.151-160
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• 2017

Giving behavior can be defined to be a behavior intended to benefit the society's charity works and public works via sharing one's financial resources. The determinants of giving behavior largely consist of sociodemographic factors, such as the income, age, gender, religion, education level, residential areas, and tax deduction policy, etc. This paper considers the income level, self-esteem, and perceived responsibility toward social welfare, as the major research variables. Statistical results, based on 2014 Korean Welfare Panel data, show that the income level and self-esteem have positive influence on participation intention in charitable giving. However, welfare responsibility has negative impact on participation intention. Second, household income was the only salient, negative factor for giving efforts defined as the amount of donation over income, implying that the higher income brackets are giving less money relative to their income level, than those with lower income level. Contrary to our expectation, self-esteem and welfare responsibility were not statistically significant explanatory variables.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.19-34
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• 2022

There are growing concerns about debt insolvency among youth and low-income households. The deterioration in household debt quality among young people is due to a combination of sluggish employment, an increase in student loan burden and an increase in high-interest loans from the secondary financial sector. The purpose of this study was to explore the possibility of household debt default among young borrowers in Korea and to predict the factors affecting this possibility. This study utilized the 2021 Household Finance and Welfare Survey and used random forest algorithm to comprehensively analyze factors related to the possibility of default risk among young adults. This study presented the importance index and partial dependence charts of major determinants. This study found that the ratio of debt to assets(DTA), medical costs, household default risk index (HDRI), communication costs, and housing costs the focal independent variables.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.13-29
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• 1995

The purposes of this study are to investigate the characteristics of recognitions and attitudes of new generation family on the family life, and to help the family members of the new generation family to be able to adapt to the future family and society with the right senses and attitudes on the family life. Three-hundred married men and women who were less than 35 years old, and who continued marriage for less than five years were selected. The results of this study were as follow; 1) Types of family composition was mostly nuclear family, and got help from their parents in managing household work. 2) Most new generation family was more likely to share equal roles and rights in household affairs, decision making and ownership of real properties. 3) Most new generation family considered the personality and the sense of value as the most important conditions which their spouse must have. And they were affirmative to wives' employment. 4) Most new generation family wanted 2 children. And preferred showed that they did not care much about son preference. 5) Most new generation family showed strong sense of responsibility for taking care of their old parents. However, they showed independency of financial planning for later years. 6) In many ways of life, their recognitions and attitudes were progressive but their were conservative in practical life as the older generations did.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.59-73
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• 1983

The purpose of this study is to establish the family economy planning in the side of economic welfare and to discuss its problems. Hypothesis testing and survey analysis whether nuclear family have been formed in the urban communities or not are investigated. Also, survey of family economic period are classified in the following manner. First, as the beginning of family, they are interested in savings, children's education and investment of an estate. Third, as the contracting period of family, they rely upon other's financial supports. Therefore, it is desirable for each family to establish family life cycle planning. As the results of hypothesis testing, 1) Nuclear family have been formed in urban communities. 2) The age of housewives is not concerned with whether their husband's parents live in the same house or not. 3)The age of housewives is not concerned with whether their parents lived with them or not. 4) The relationship between the age of housewives and monthly income is not significant. 5) The relationship between the age of housewives and monthly expenditure is significant. 6)The relationship between the age of housewives and monthly savings is not significant.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.205-222
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• 1992

The purpose of this research is to study the need for living and the relationship between the need and the perceived family well-being among families in rural areas and to suggest the index of the family well-being for them. One hundred fifty homemakers in the six rural areas in Chunlabuk-do were sampled for this research and all of them were aged under 60. Data were statistically analized by using statistical softwere package 'Statgraphics' and null jhyposeses were statistically tested at p<.10. From the results of this study, rural homemakers reported, generally, higher levels of the need for the various aspects of family living compared to those of the perceived levels of the family well-being. The need, the satisfaction and the dissatisfaction levels of the various aspects of family oiving were affected more frequently by living area, average monthly income, and the period of living whitin the same area. The satisfaction with the family well-being and living in rural area were affected more powerfully by subvariables related to the family financial living than by any other variables. The need for economic environment, the satisfaction with perceived level of assets, and income were major representative variables for the family finances. In case of the family interpersonal living, the need and the satisfaction with relationship between spouses and the family structure were more powerful varibales than any other variables. The relationship betweenparents and children was more powerful variable for the perceived family well-being than any other variables related to the family interpersonal living. Sampled homemakers thought that the satisfaction with relationship between spouses was the most important in family interpersonal living. The needs for household equipment and living conditions was positively influenced on the need of household work and the satisfaction with those was negatively influnced on satisfaction with present household work.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.393-402
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• 2014

ICT environment to the survey released by the Bureau of Statistics 2012 Household Finance. Korean Welfare survey 24.9% of all households in financial assets, real estate is about three times more than 69.9%, respectively. The problem is that the information is slow and income deciles(deciles 1-4), a relatively high proportion of households with low(78.8 to 69%) of the real estate assets of the expansion of the world economy with low growth and low uncertainty, work from home due to the information changes in the structure of the economy, such as increases in real estate prices remain exposed to the risk of a phenomenon such as Pour House Pour Talent and low-income people is bound to be more serious symptoms. This low correlation is by constructing a composite asset portfolio, the weighted average risk of the individual assets while increasing overall revenue decrease that risk is based on the principle of portfolio by type and different areas in the ICT environment in a portfolio of real estate price index low correlation to financial assets by including the effect of dispersion stable complex asset portfolio and empirical Growth was divided.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.44-55
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• 2019

Purpose: To investigate whether changes in Medical Aid (MA) status are associated with unmet need and catastrophic health expenditure (CHE). Methods: Data from the 2010 to 2014 Korea Health Panel (KHP) were used. The impact of changes in annual MA status ('MA to MA,' 'MA to MA Exit,' 'MA Exit to MA,' and 'MA Exit to MA Exit') on unmet need (all-cause and financial) and CHE (10% and 40% of household capacity to pay) were examined using the generalized estimating equation (GEE) model. Analysis was conducted separately for MA type I and II individuals. Results: In 1,164 Medical Aid type I individuals, compared to the 'MA to MA' group, the 'MA to MA Exit' group had increased likelihoods of all-cause and financial unmet need. This group also showed higher likelihoods of CHE at the 10% standard. The 'MA Exit to MA Exit' group showed increased likelihoods at the 10% and 40% CHE standards. In 852 type II recipients, the 'MA to MA Exit' group had higher likelihoods of CHE at the 10% standard. Conclusions: Type 1 MA exit beneficiaries had higher likelihoods of all-cause and financial unmet need, along CHE at the 10% standard. Type I 'MA Exit to MA Exit' beneficiaries also showed higher likelihoods of CHE at the 10% and 40% standards. In type II recipients, MA exit beneficiaries had higher likelihoods of CHE at the 10% standard. The results infer the importance of monitoring MA exit beneficiaries as they may be vulnerable to unmet need and CHE.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.113-133
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• 2004

Although National Health Insurance(NHI) in the South Korea has guaranteed access to health insurance coverage to virtually all the people, a significant portion of out-of-pocket spending can create substantial financial burdens for some beneficiaries, particularly those with low incomes. Previous studies have estimated the magnitude of out-of-pocket spending by types of chronic illness or in- and out-patients. Prior estimates, however, have not given a complete picture of the impact of health care costs on lower-income populations. The result from this study shows that 20 percent of beneficiaries in the lowest-income quintile spent more than twelve percent of their household equivalent income out-of-pocket health services, whether they were enrolled in a Health care services or not. In comparison, the beneficiaries in the highest-income quintile level spent only 2 percent of their income out-of-pocket on health care. Also, the regression analysis suggests that age, household income, number of chronic illness, type of hospital in addition to the number of usage may affect the size of out-of-pocket spending.