• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.314-321
• /
• 2008

Acaricidal effects of materials derived from Diospyros kaki roots against Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus were assessed using impregnated fabric disk bioassay and compared with that of the commercial benzyl benzoate. The observed responses varied according to dosage and mite species. The $LD_{50}$ values of the chloroform extract of Diospyros kaki roots were 1.66 and $0.96{\mu}g/cm^2$ against D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus. The chloroform extract of Diospyros kaki roots was approximately 15.2 more toxic than benzyl benzoate against D. farinae, and 7.6 times more toxic against D. pteronyssinus. Purification of the biologically active constituent from D. kaki roots was done by using silica gel chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. The structure of the acaricidal component was analyzed by GC-MS, $^1H-NMR,\;^{13}C-NMR,\;^1H-^{13}C$ COSY-NMR, and DEPT-NMR spectra, and identified as plumbagin. The acaricidal activity of plumbagin and its derivatives (naphthazarin, dichlon, 2,3-dibromo-1,4-naphthoquinone, and 2-bromo-1,4-naphthoquinone) was examined. On the basis of $LD_{50}$ values, the most toxic compound against D. farinae was naphthazarin $(0.011{\mu}g/cm^2)$ followed by plumbagin $(0.019{\mu}g/cm^2),$ 2-bromo-1,4-naphthoquinone $(0.079{\mu}g/cm^2)$, dichlon $(0.422{\mu}g/cm^2)$, and benzyl benzoate $(9.14{\mu}g/cm^2)$. Additionally, the skin color of the dust mites was changed from colorless-transparent to dark brown-black by the treatment of plumbagin. Similar results have been exhibited in its derivatives (naphthazarin, dichlon, and 2-bromo-1,4-naphthoquinone). In contrast, little or no discoloration was observed for benzyl benzoate. From this point of view, plumbagin and its derivatives can be very useful for the potential control agents, lead compounds, and indicator of house dust mites.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2013

Objectives: Galgeun-tang (GGT, gegen-tang, kakkon-to), an herbal formula, is used to treat the common cold, fevers, headaches, hangovers and neck and upper back stiffness. The drugs currently used to treat atopic dermatitis (AD) are limited by the significant adverse effects associated with their long-term usage. The need to efficiently manage the AD response while reducing side effects has led to the development of alternative remedies. Methods: To assess the effects of GGT on AD, the anti-inflammatory and anti-AD properties of GGT were evaluated in both in vitro and in vivo systems. Results: Nitric oxide (NO) and histamine production on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells and phorbol-12 myristate 13-acetate (PMA)/A23187-treated MC/9 cells, respectively, were inhibited by GGT. GGT reduced thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) release on TNF-${\alpha}$/IFN-${\gamma}$ stimulated HaCaT cells in a dose-dependent manner. GGT reduced both plasma levels of IgE and histamine and the dermatitis score in house dust mite induced atopic dermatitis-like lesions on NC/Nga mice. However, there were no significant histopathological differences observed between the GGT group and the AD-induced group, such as AD-like lesions in the dorsal skin or ear or mast cell infiltration in the dorsal skin. Conclusions: These results indicate that GGT inhibits chemokine production by keratinocytes and the atopic dermatitis response in NC/Nga mice, suggesting that GGT may be useful as a therapeutic remedy for treating AD and allergic inflammation-related diseases.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.309-315
• /
• 2012

Objectives: Animal husbandry workers could be exposed to various work hazards including toxic gases, chemicals such as pesticides or organic dust. Immunological evaluation focusing on respiratory allergic hypersensitivity occurrence was under-taken for swine farm workers as a part of the study on immunologic status of dairy barn, swine confinement, and poultry farm workers. Materials and Methods: Peripheral bloods were collected from 25 workers at the year of 2001 and 12 workers at the year of 2012 from swine farms located at Gyeonggi province, Korea. Seven adults not involved with animal husbandry were recruited at the year of 2001 from the same residential area as the swine farm workers'. Level of plasma IgE and 20 respiratory allergen-specific IgE were evaluated using commercially available ELISA kit. Results: Plasma IgE level was approximately five-fold higher in the swine farm workers regardless of the sampling year than the control subjects. Plant allergens from outdoor environments such as golden rod, pigweed, Russian thistle, or ragweed were the major allergens with positive reaction(allergen specific IgE${\geq}$0.7 IU/mL) for the swine farm workers at 2001 year. Meanwhile, house dust mite(Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus) and cockroach, typical indoor allergens in Korea, were the major respiratory allergens for the swine farm workers at 2012 year. Conclusions: Overall, even though our results are primitive, the results suggest that immunological function of swine farm workers could be modulated toward type-2 reactivity.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘텐츠학회 2018년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.409-410
• /
• 2018

Background: Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases and can be affected by environmental factors. It has been reported that exposure to indoor environmental factors can cause infantile asthma during infancy and childhood, but the previous studies are not yet clear. Climate change has recently been shown to increase indoor mold. Exposure to fungi is known to be directly related to the development of aggravation. Methods: This study was conducted from July 20, 2016 to September 30, 2016. The study was conducted on 90 household with children under the age of 7 who attend atopy school. The questionnaire surveyed allergic symptoms, social and demographic characteristics, and environmental characteristics. Environmentally hazardous substances were measured such as temperature, humidity, fine dust, volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, bacteria, fungus, house dust mite, endotoxin. Results: According to the survey results, 9 patients (10%) were treated with asthma, 6 (6.7%) were asthmatic patients during the past 12 months, and 4 patients (4.4%) were asthmatic patients during the past 12 months. There were statistically significant differences in the direct effect of smokers in the family (P=0.0328). High-filter vacuum cleaners collected $0.4222CFU/m^3$ in subjects without asthma, and $0.2222CFU/m^3$ in subjects with asthma. In addition, various results confirmed that asthma exacerbated by mold exposure. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that exposure to fungal by infants and toddlers may play an important role in the development of asthma. In this study, we investigated the relationship between asthma and fungal concentration.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국건축시공학회 2021년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
• /
• pp.217-218
• /
• 2021

With the prolonged Covid-19 epidemic, movement restrictions such as social distancing are prolonged, and as people stay indoors for a longer time, interest in indoor air pollution is increasing. Indoor air quality is not easily purified unlike outdoors. Among indoor building materials, paints and flooring contain formaldehyde that causes sick house syndrome and VOCs that contain carcinogenicity and harmfulness. For modern people who spend a lot of time living indoors for more than an hour, the occurrence of these harmful substances can be said to be fatal. In response to these risks, in July 2019, the government reinforced the standards for indoor air quality to protect the public's health by raising the detection standards for fine dust, ultrafine dust, and formaldehyde in indoor multi-use facilities. People use machines such as air purifiers to improve indoor air quality, or make efforts such as periodic ventilation. In order to reduce or support these other ancillary efforts more effectively, to reduce the generation of pollutants in the building itself, or to adsorb or purify pollutants in the air, use carbon black as an admixture to make a cement hardened body, and to grasp basic physical properties and adsorption capacity. And the result is as follows. As a result of the experiment to determine the appropriate amount of carbon black, it was confirmed that the more the amount of carbon black was added, the better it was in the formaldehyde emission test, but the tendency was not clear when measuring the flexural strength, so a further experiment to improve this is needed.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.155-164
• /
• 2001

이 연구는 돈사내부의 환경을 연속적으로 계측하고. 동시에 양돈시설의 환경에서 발생되는 악취중 가장 큰 비중을 차지하는 암모니아 가스를 정량분석하여 암모니아 가스센서 개발을 위한 기초 데이터를 얻고자 수행 되었다. 1. 돈사내력의 온도, 습도, 이산화탄소, 암모니아 등 환경민화를 연속전 실시간 측정이 가능한 환경계측시스템을 개발하여 슬러리 돈사와 스크레퍼 돈사에 설치하여 시험하였다. 2. 암모니아 가스농도는 슬러리 돈사의 경우 21~39ppm으로 매우 높은 가스농도를 나타냈고, 출입문을 열어놓는 낮에도 크게 떨어지지 많았다. 그러나 스크레퍼 돈사에서는 야간(19:00~08:00)에 20~29ppm가지 높게 올라갔지만, 문을 열어놓는 08:00이후 급격히 떨어지고, 10:00~18:00에는 10ppm 이하를 나타냈다. 3. 온도는 슬러리 돈사의 경우 야간에 14~17$^{\circ}C$로 돼지 사육 적정온도인 17$^{\circ}C$ 이하이었고, 그 이외의 시간대에는 18~21$^{\circ}C$틀 유지하였다. 스크레퍼 돈사의 온도는 04:00~09:00에 21-22$^{\circ}C$, 주간에는 돈사 내부의 온도가 의고 3$0^{\circ}C$가지 상승하였다. 4. 상대습도는 슬러리 돈사에서 주간에 50~56%RH, 야간에 57~63%aH인 반면에, 스크레퍼 돈사의 경우 각각 31~50%RH와 40~55%RH로, 슬러리 돈사가 스크레퍼 돈사보다 높게 나타났다. 5. 대기오염공정시험법(인도페놀법)에 의해 분석된 암모니아 가스 농도는 공시로 사용된 슬러리 돈사와 스크레퍼 돈사 모두에서 돈사의 중앙이나 출.입구, 즉 돈사의 위치에는 뚜렷한 경향을 나타내지 않았으나, 돈사 바닥보다는 사람의 긴 놀이(140cm)에서 높게 나타났다. 6. 분진농도는 17~47cpm이었고, 돈사의 형식. 위치 및 놀이에 유의차를 보이지 않았다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.623-628
• /
• 2008

This study was undertaken to determine the concentrations of airborne bacteria, fungi, particles, and endotoxin in swine and chicken houses. Six swine buildings and seven chicken houses were randomly selected in southern Gyonggi Province, South Korea. The geometric mean concentrations of airborne bacteria in swine and chicken houses were $2.7{\times}10^5\;CFU/m^3$ and $5.6{\times}10^7\;CFU/m^3$, respectively. The airborne bacteria concentrations in chicken houses were significantly higher than those of swine houses (p<0.05). The geometric mean concentration of airborne fungi in swine houses was $4.9{\times}10^3\;CFU/m^3$, which was higher than the value of $2.1{\times}10^3\;CFU/m^3$ found in chicken houses. The mean concentrations of airborne particles and endotoxin in swine houses were $3.48\;mg/m^3$ and $943.1\;EU/m^3$, and they were $15.43\;mg/m^3$ and $1,430.5\;EU/m^3$ in chicken houses, respectively. A significant difference between swine and chicken houses was found for total dust (p<0.05), but not for endotoxin. In this study, the concentrations of endotoxin in both swine and chicken houses as well as particles in chicken houses were high, and in about 50% of the samples exceeded the worker health safety levels of $614\;EU/m^3$ suggested in previous studies. These results may indicate a considerable respiratory hazard for workers in these environments.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.149-160
• /
• 2021

BACKGROUND: Concerns have been raised about the impact of recent high concentrations of fine dust on human health. Ammonia(NH₃) reacts with sulfur oxides and nitrogen compounds in the atmosphere to form ultrafine ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate (PM2.5). There is a growing need for accurate estimates of the amount of ammonia emitted during agricultural production. Therefore, in this study, ammonia emissions generated from the cultivation of leafy perilla in plastic houses were determined. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cow manure compost, swine manure compost, and poultry manure compost each at 34.6 ton ha^-1, the amount commonly used by farmers in the field, was sprayed on the soil surface. Just after spraying cow manure compost, swine manure compost, and poultry manure compost, the ammonia was periodically measured and analyzed to be 22.5 kg ha^-1, 22.8 kg ha^-1, and 85.2 kg ha^-1, respectively. The emission factors were estimated at 70.0 kg-NH₃ ton-N, 62.8 kg-NH₃ ton-N, and 234.1 kg-NH₃ ton-N, respectively. Most ammonia was released in the two weeks after application of the compost and then the amount released gradually decreased. CONCLUSION: Therefore, it is necessary to improve the emission factor through a study on the estimation of ammonia emission by type of livestock manure and major farming types such as rice fields and uplands, and to update data on the production, distribution, and sales of livestock manure.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제63권1호
• /
• pp.37-48
• /
• 2021

The automatic-spreader of bedding materials was developed to reduce labor cost, and to achieve successful biosecurity in duck houses. Algorithm of the device was designed to realize a concept of the automatic unmanned operation including entire processes such as loading and spreading of the bedding materials. From the field measurement, the relationship between the expected water content reduction and weight of bedding materials per unit area according to the operation condition of the devices was induced. In the case of the measurement of particulate matters during the process of spreading works, the results of using both conventional manual-spreader and automatic-spreader were exceeded the allowable limit of inhalable and respirable dust, respectively. But, workers using automatic-spreader could be free from harmful aero-condition because they did not stay inside the facility during the spreading works. In addition, from the Duck hepatitis virus PCR test, influence on pulmonary tissue of the duck was not found. It could be expected that the development of the automatic-spreader of bedding materials for duck house can contribute to the advancement of duck breeding facilities.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.831-839
• /
• 2002

Allergy has a born predominant cause of atopy in body and react oversenstively several meterial. The cause of allergy are tick, house dust, egg, milk, bean, cosmetics, virus, bacteria, flesh and meat in Western medicine. While, Oriental medicine did not have an application on the allergy, but recognized that allergy is connected with fetal toxicosis, heat-syndrome in new born, syndrome characterized by dyspnea, sneezing, stuffy nose, nasal discharge and phlegm. Therefor, We knowed method of medical treatment following cause of disease and pathogenesis against allergy. Allergic disease(atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, rhinitis) were related with lung, spleen, kidney. To prevent allergic disease in born, Oriental medicine taked a serious view of fetal education. In Western medicine, The cause of allergy applied to exopathogen of Oriental medicine. In Oriental medicine, Treatment of allergy used generally strengthening the body resistance to eliminate pathogenic factors.