• 대한약침학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2014

Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extract on nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production and on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging in macrophages. Methods: Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix (300 g) was heated at $100^{\circ}C$ with distilled water (2 L) for 4 hours. The extract was filtered and concentrated to 100 mL by using a rotary evaporator, was frozen at $-80^{\circ}C$, and was then freeze-dried by using a freezing-drying system. The RAW 264.7 macrophage was subcultured by using $10-{\mu}g/mL$ lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In order to evaluate cytotoxicity, we performed 3-(4,5-dimrthylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays and measured the cell viability. The NO production was measured by using Griess assays, and the $PGE_2$ production was measured by using enzyme immunoassays. The antioxidant activity, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging capability, was measured by using the DPPH method. Results: Cell viability with the 1-, 5-, 25-, 125- and $625-{\mu}g/mL$ Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extract was not significantly decreased compared to the cell viability without the extract. When 125 and $625{\mu}g/mL$ of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extract were used, nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages was significantly inhibited compared to that in the control group. When 25, 125, and $625{\mu}g/mL$ of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extract were used, $PGE_2$ production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages was significantly inhibited compared to that in the control group. The 125- and $625-{\mu}g/mL$ Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extracts had high DPPH free-radical scavenging capabilities in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Conclusion: This study indicates that Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extract suppresses NO and $PGE_2$ production and improves DPPH free-radical scavenging capability. Thus, it seems that Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extract may have an anti-inflammation effect and antioxidant activity.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.175-180
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• 1997

It has been known that eater-side corrosion of fuel rods in nuclear reactor is accompanied with the metallic loss of wall thickness and hydrogen pickup in the fuel dadding tube. The fuel dad corrosion is one of the major factors to be controlled to maintain the fuel integrity during reactor operation. An oxide later thickness measuring device equipped with ECT probe system was developed by KAERI, and whose performance test was carried out in NDT(Non-destructive Test) hot-cell or PIE(Post Irradiation Examination) Facility. At first, the calibration/performance test was executed for the unirradiated standard specimen rod fabricated with several kinds of plastic thin films whose thickness ore predetermined, and the result of which showed a good precision within 10% of discrepancy. And then, hot test us peformed for the irradiated fuel rod selectively extracted from J44 fuel assembly discharged from Kori Unit-2. The data obtained with this device were compared with the metallographic result obtained from destructive examination in PIEF hot-cell on the same fuel rod to verify the validity of the measurement data.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2000년도 영호남학술대회 논문집
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• pp.108-111
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• 2000

The Zns thin films were deposited on non-alkali glass substrate by the Hot Wall method. The thin films grown at various evaporation cell and substrate temperature were characterized by spectrophotometer and X-ray diffraction to investigate the optical and structural characteristics. The deposition rates were increased with increasing the cell temperature, and were decreased with increasing substrate. The optical characteristics of thin films depends on the deposition rates. The band gap energies measured at room temperature with 3.4~3.5eV are smaller than the theoretical value of 3.54eV. All ZnS thin films are oriented in (111) of the principal direction of a zincblende structure.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.771-774
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• 2003

In this paper, the programming characteristics of the multi-bit devices based on SONOS structure are investigated. Our devices have been fabricated by 0.35 $\mu\textrm{m}$ complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process with LOCOS isolation. In order to achieve the multi-bit operation per cell, charges must be locally frapped in the nitride layer above the channel near the source-drain junction. Programming method is selected by Channel Hot Electron (CUE) injection which is available for localized trap in nitride film. To demonstrate CHE injection, substrate current (Isub) and one-shot programming curve are investigated. The multi-bit operation which stores two-bit per cell is investigated. Also, Hot Hole(HH) injection for fast erasing is used. The fabricated SONOS devices have ultra-thinner gate dielectrics and then have lower programming voltage, simpler process and better scalability compared to any other multi-bit storage Flash memory. Our programming characteristics are shown to be the most promising for the multi-bit flash memory.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.398-404
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• 2010

Process conditions for MEA fabrications have significant effects on properties and performance of the MEAs for PEMFCs. In this study, effects of additives on the surface properties of the MEA was investigated to improve homogeneity of the coated catalyst layer. Another parameter that affects on characteristics of the MEAs is hot-pressing condition. Hot pressing condition was optimized by using DOE (design of experiment) method.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.859-866
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• 2009

KAERI has worked on the development of an advanced spent fuel conditioning process (ACP) since 1997. A hot cell facility, termed the ACPF, has also been developed. The ACPF consists of two air-sealed hot cells. The results of a safety analysis as part of the license procurement process stipulated by the Korean Government showed that the facility was designed safely. After its construction, an integrated performance test was performed. The results of this test confirmed that the facility satisfies the design requirements.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.177-180
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• 2010

PET 검사의 의료보험 급여화 및 연구용 수요가 증가하면서 작업종사자들의 피폭이 문제가 되고 그 문제점들을 해결하기 위해 고가의 의료장비 구입이 필요하게 되었다. 하지만 cyclotron실에서 운영하는 장비들은 수 천만원에서 수 억원을 호가하는 고가의 장비들이 많이 있어 의료기관에서 구입하기 어려운 점이 있다. 작업자가 원하는 기능만 갖춘 장비를 해당 부속품 구입이 가능하다면 적은 비용으로도 충분히 자체 제작할 수 있다. 국립암센터 핵의학과에서는 적은 비용으로 장비를 제작, 사용하고 작업자의 업무까지 개선한 두가지 의료장비를 사례 별로 소개하려고 한다. 첫 번째 사례는 방사성동위원소($^{18}F$) 분주장치로 국립암센터 핵의학과 cyclotron실에서는 의공학과와의 협력으로 시중에서 구할 수 있는 아크릴판 1개, 3-way valve 7개, tubing 등을 구하여 분주기 본체를 만들어 hot cell 내부에 설치하고, switching box를 hot cell 밖에 설치하여 외부에서 분주장치를 조절할 수 있게 제작하였다. 이 제작된 분주기 본체를 cyclotron에서 생산된 방사성동위원소 transfer line에 설치하였다. 두 번째 사례는 $^{18}F$-FDG 자동 분주기로 국립암센터 핵의학과 cyclotron실에서는 의공학과와의 협력으로 분주기의 본체가 되는 부분은 cavro pump syringe를 사용하였고, 일정량을 분주할 수 있는 프로그램은 의공학과가 자체 제작하였다. $^{18}F$-FDG 자동 분주기는 hot cell 내부에 설치하고 자동분주기에 케이블선을 사용하였으며 hot cell 밖의 PC에 연결하여 PC에서 $^{18}F$-FDG 자동 분주기를 조절할 수 있게 제작하였다. 첫 번째 사례인 방사성동위원소($^{18}F$) 분주장치는 2007년 3월부터 현재까지 국립암센터에 cyclotron실에서 사용해 본 결과 생산된 방사성동위원소를 switching box를 사용하여 간단하게 원하는 방사성의약품 합성 module로 보낼 수 있었고, collecting vial 내 transfer line을 조정하여 생산된 방사성동위원소를 여러 합성 module로 분배할 수도 있게 되었다. 두 번째 사례인 $^{18}F$-FDG 자동 분주기는 2009년 8월부터 현재까지 국립암센터에 cyclotron실에서 사용해 본 결과 원하는 vial에 방사성의약품을 분배할 수 있었다. 두 가지 사례를 통하여 국립암센터 핵의학과 cyclotron실에서 고가의 장비를 최소가격으로 자체 제작하여 비용 절감 효과를 얻을 수 있었고 작업종사자의 방사선 피폭량을 감소시켰으며 다수의 부서가 협력하여 자발적으로 공동의 문제를 해결하는 프로세스를 확립시켰다.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.126-130
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• 2012

방사성의약품 제조 시 휘발성 기체의 경우에 완전 차폐가 되지 않고, Hot cell 외부로 그리고 배기덕트를 통해 작업자에게 외부피폭은 물론 호흡을 통해 내부피폭을 가져오게 한다. 처음에는 Hot cell 자체의 배출구를 막아서 방사성기체를 차단하려하였으나 장치에 맞는 기체 밀폐형 댐퍼의 제작이 어렵고, 크기가 맞지 않아서 설치 후에 여전히 문제점이 개선되지 않았다. 그러나 Tedlar gas sampling bag의 사용으로 합성 장치의 가스 배출구를 연결하여 방사성 기체를 저장하고 10반감기가 지난 후에 배출함으로써 작업자의 피폭을 확연히 줄이게 되었으며 $^{18}F$ 방사성 기체는 Hot cell 배출구에 활성탄 필터를 연결하고 최종 배출구에 2차 활성탄 필터를 사용함으로써 배출되는 방사능 농도를 90% 이상 줄여주었다. 단 반감기의 핵종인 경우는 위와 같은 경우를 이용하여 다음날 작업을 할 수 있지만 반감기가 긴 핵종들 같은 경우는 다음날 처리 할 수 없는 문제점들이 발생한다. Decay tank의 추가적인 문제점들을 보완하거나 기체상의 여러 방사성 입자들을 포집 할 수 있는 물질들이 만들어져야 할 것이다. 현재 우리나라는 최종 배출 공기 중 방사능 농도만을 규제하고 있으나 유럽 같은 경우 일일 배출 양과 연간 배출도 규제를 하고 있다. 방사성의약품 합성 시 발생하는 많은 방사성 물질들을 보다 효과적으로 친환경적으로 처리할 수 있는 여러 연구들이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.490-503
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• 2009

The objective of this work was to investigate the mechanism of heat transfer in hot-pressing process for MDF manufacturing by reference study. Firstly, general heat transfer theory was studied. The numerical analysis of heat transfer in hot-pressing process was studied on temperature profile, moisture profile, physical properties between moisture and board. The mechanism of heat and moisture transfer inside of board was analyzed by conduction, convection, radiation and diffusion of bound water in wood cell walls. Especially, the change of core temperature as hot press time was important factor to setup hot-pressing schedule in MDF manufacturing.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.1200-1210
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• 2006

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of the CMT and MCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on microglia and memory deficit model. The effects of the CMT and MCMT hot water extract on expression of IL-l${\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, NOS-II, COX-2, IL-10, TGF-${\beta}$1 mRNA and production of IL-lP, IL-6, TNF-a, NO, ROS in BV2 microglial cell line treated by lipopolysacchaide(LPS) ; serum glucose, uric acid, AChE activity of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine , behavior of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine and were investigated, respectively. The CMT and MCMT hot water extract suppressed the expression of IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, NOS-II, COX-2 mRNA, production of IL-l${\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, NO, ROS and increased the expression of IL-10, TGF-${\beta}$l mRNA in BV2 microglial cell line treated by LPS. The MCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder increased glucose, decreased uric acid and AChE significantly in the serum of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine. The CMT and MCMT hotwater extract & ultra-fine powder groups showed significantly inhibitory effect on the scopolamine-induced impairment of memory in the experiment of Morris water maze. According to the above result, it is suggested that the CMT and MCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of dementia.