• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.9D no.5
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• pp.915-924
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• 2002

Conventional Systems for parcel sorting consist of two sequences as loading the parcel into conveyor belt system and post-code input. Using bar code information, the parcels to be recorded and managed are recognized. This paper describes a 32 $\times$ 32 sized mini-block inspection to extract bar code Region of Interest (ROI) from the line Charged Coupled Device (CCD) camera capturing image of moving parcel at 2m/sec speed. Firstly, the Min-Max distribution of the mini-block has been applied to discard the background of parcel and region of conveying belts from the image. Secondly, the diagonal inspection has been used for the extraction of letters and bar code region. Five horizontal line scanning detects the number of edges and sizes and ROI has been acquired from the detection. The wrong detected area has been deleted by the comparison of group size from labeling processes. To correct excluded bar code region in mini-block processes and for analysis of bar code information, the extracted ROI 8 boundary points and decline distribution have been used with central axis line adjustment. The ROI extraction and central axis creation have become enable within 60～80msec, and the accuracy has been accomplished over 99.44 percentage.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.96-101
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• 2010

A pulse radar system has been developed recently to detect dormant underground tunnels that are deeply located at depths of hundreds of metres. To check the ability of the radar system to detect an obliquely oriented tunnel, five different borehole pairs in the tunnel test site were chosen so that the horizontal lines-of-sight cut the tunnel axis obliquely, in $15^{\circ}$ steps. The pulse radar signatures were measured over a depth range of 20 m around the centre of the air-filled tunnel. Three canonical parameters, consisting of the arrival time, attenuation, and dispersion time were extracted from the first and second peaks of the measured radar signatures. Using those parameters, the radar system can detect obliquely oriented tunnels at various angles up to 45 from the transmitter-receiver line of sight.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.117-130
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• 2015

A least squares method for adjusting the horizontal network satisfies the conditions which is minimizing the sum of the squares of errors based on probability theory. This research compared accuracy of 3rd cadastral control points adjusted by traditional and least square method with respect to the result of Network-RTK. Test results showed the least square method more evenly distribute closure error than traditional method. Mean errors of least square and traditional adjusting method are 2.7cm, 2.2cm respectively. In addition, blunder in angle observations can be detected by comparing position errors which calculated by forward and backward initial coordinates. However, distance blunder cannot offer specific observation line occurred mistake because distance error propagates several observation lines which have similar directions.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.33-42
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• 2003

As airborne laser scanning technique is developed with high vertical accuracy recently, there come many studies on DEM(digital elevation model creation, building extraction, flood risk mapping and 3D virtual city modeling. This study applied point comparative method, contour comparative method and digital map with scale 1/5,000 to calculate RMSE of DEM in according to resolution that was constructed using rawdata being acquired by airborne laser scanning. As a result, point comparative method showed lower DEM standard error than contour comparative method, it is a reason that contour comparative method was not carried out detailed grid calculation for point comparative method. Also, digital map with scale 1/5,000 showed higher DEM standard error than point comparative method and contour comparative method in below 25.4m that is average horizontal distance among contour line, and showed similar result with contour comparative method in over 25.4m.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.209-220
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• 2002

We carried out studies on SAR image intensity and interferometric phase over oyster sea farms. Strong backscattering was observed in amplitude images, and that was considered as a radar signal double bouncing from horizontal bars. These sea farming structures are not visible in satellite optical images except IKONOS image, so that it demonstrates the value of radar remote sensing as an effective tool in support of sea farm detection. The intensity of the image is sensitive to system parameters including wavelength, polarization, and look direction, but does not correlate to tide height. We found that the strongest backscattering can be obtained by L-band HH-polarization with a look direction perpendicular to the horizontal bar. We also succeeded in generating 21 coherent JERS-1 SAR interferometric pairs over the oyster farms. The general trend of the fringe rate of the interferometric phases appeared to be governed by altitude of ambiguity. The general trend was modeled by an inverse function and removed to have a residual phase. The residual phase showed a linear relation with the tide height. The results demonstrate for the first time that SAR can possibly be used to estimate sea level. However, the r.m.s. error of a regression line is 11.7 cm, and that is so far too large to make reliable assessments of sea level in practical applications. Further studies is required to improve the accuracy specifically using multi-polarization SAR data.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.224-229
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• 2011

In this study, we have developed shear horizontal(SH) surface acoustic wave(SAW) sensors for the detection of immunoglobulin G(IgG) on the gold coated delay line of SH-SAW devices. As the result of the experiment, we could uniformly immobilize anti-MIgG(mouse IgG) conjugate on the surface of gold. When displaying results of immobilization on the surface of gold using G-anti MIgG conjugate and blocking buffer in frequency shift, G-anti MIgG conjugate showed frequency shift of 75.1 kHz in the initial frequency, and blocking buffer showed frequency shift of 215.7 kHz. When various concentrations of MIgG was added in 100MHz type sensor, the sensor showed 46.3, 127.45, 161.21 and 262.39 kHz frequency shift at 25, 50, 75 and 100 ${\mu}g$ MIgG concentration, respectively.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.279-292
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• 2011

Movie is a representative media that can transmit stories to audiences. Basically, a story is described by characters in the movie. Different from other simple videos, movies deploy narrative structures for explaining various conflicts or collaborations between characters. These narrative structures consist of 3 main acts, which are beginning, middle, and ending. The beginning act includes 1) introduction to main characters and backgrounds, and 2) conflicts implication and clues for incidents. The middle act describes the events developed by both inside and outside factors and the story dramatic tension heighten. Finally, in the end act, the events are developed are resolved, and the topic of story and message of writer are transmitted. When story information is extracted from movie, it is needed to consider that it has different weights by narrative structure. Namely, when some information is extracted, it has a different influence to story deployment depending on where it locates at the beginning, middle and end acts. The beginning act is the part that exposes to audiences for story set-up various information such as setting of characters and depiction of backgrounds. And thus, it is necessary to extract much kind information from the beginning act in order to abstract a movie or retrieve character information. Thereby, this paper proposes a novel method for extracting the beginning boundaries. It is the method that detects a boundary scene between the beginning act and middle using the accumulation graph of characters. The beginning act consists of the scenes that introduce important characters, imply the conflict relationship between them, and suggest clues to resolve troubles. First, a scene that the new important characters don't appear any more should be detected in order to extract a scene completed the introduction of them. The important characters mean the major and minor characters, which can be dealt as important characters since they lead story progression. Extra should be excluded in order to extract a scene completed the introduction of important characters in the accumulation graph of characters. Extra means the characters that appear only several scenes. Second, the inflection point is detected in the accumulation graph of characters. It is the point that the increasing line changes to horizontal line. Namely, when the slope of line keeps zero during long scenes, starting point of this line with zero slope becomes the inflection point. Inflection point will be detected in the accumulation graph of characters without extra. Third, several scenes are considered as additional story progression such as conflicts implication and clues suggestion. Actually, movie story can arrive at a scene located between beginning act and middle when additional several scenes are elapsed after the introduction of important characters. We will decide the ratio of additional scenes for total scenes by experiment in order to detect this scene. The ratio of additional scenes is gained as 7.67% by experiment. It is the story inflection point to change from beginning to middle act when this ratio is added to the inflection point of graph. Our proposed method consists of these three steps. We selected 10 movies for experiment and evaluation. These movies consisted of various genres. By measuring the accuracy of boundary detection experiment, we have shown that the proposed method is more efficient.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.383-391
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• 2017

In image processing, image segmentation has been studied by various methods in a long time. Image segmentation is the process of partitioning a digital image into multiple objects and face detection is a typical image segmentation field being used in a variety of applications that identifies human faces in digital images. In this paper, we propose a method for extracting the contours of faces included in images. Using the Viola-Jones algorithm, to do this, we detect the approximate locations of faces from images. But, the Viola-Jones algorithm could detected the approximate location of face not the correct position. In order to extract a more accurate face region from image, we use skin color in this paper. In details, face region would be extracted using the analysis of horizontal and vertical histograms on the skin area. Finally, the face contour is extracted using snake algorithm for the extracted face area. In this paperr, a modified snake energy function is proposed for face contour extraction based snake algorithm proposed by Williams et al.[7]