• 대기
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.461-471
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• 2016

A quality check algorithm for the Weather Information Service Engine pulsed Doppler wind lidar is developed from a view point of spatial and temporal consistencies of observed wind speed. Threshold values for quality check are determined by statistical analysis on the standard deviation of 3-component of wind speed obtained by a wind lidar, and the vertical gradient of horizontal wind speed obtained by a radiosonde system. The algorithm includes carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) check, data availability check, and vertical gradient of horizontal wind speed check. That is, data sets whose CNR is less than -29 dB, data availability is less than 90%, or vertical gradient of horizontal wind speed is less than $-0.028s^{-1}$ or larger than $0.032s^{-1}$ are classified as 'doubtful', and flagged. The developed quality check algorithm is applied to data obtained at Bucheon station for the period from 1 to 30 September 2015. It is found that the number of 'doubtful' data shows maxima around 2000 m high, but the ratio of 'doubtful' to height-total data increases with increasing height due to atmospheric boundary height, cloud, or rainfall, etc. It is also found that the quality check by data availability is more effective than those by carrier to noise ratio or vertical gradient of horizontal wind speed to remove an erroneous noise data.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.395-401
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• 1996

In this paper, the propagation characteristics due to the horizontal water temperature variations in the sea such as thermal fronts is analyzed by the ray theory. Two models for the temperature anomaly layer are chosen. One is a plane type and the other is a cylindrical type. In the plane type, the temperature increases linearly from a isothermal region to 5km with the gradient of about $2^{\circ}C.$/km, and decreases with the same gradient in next 5km. In the cylindrical type, water temperature increases only with the same gradient from a half cylindrical thermal boundary surface. The result showed that the gradient of acoustic rays decreases in the temperature increasing region and vice versa in temperature decreasing region. And, the transmission loss due to the temperature variation was less than O.2dB in the plane type model as well as in the cylindrical one.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.557-564
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• 2002

Discharge capacity test is carried out to find out influencing factors on discharge capacity of prefabricated horizontal drains to improve weak dredged clay. Four representative prefabricated horizontal drains are selected based on the size of drain as well as the shape of core. Test is carried out for 10 days at each three level of confining pressure for all drains. Effects of elapsed time, confining pressure, hydraulic gradient and strength of filter and core on discharge capacities are examined. It is found that discharge capacity of drain, which has deformable core or has a possibility of squeezing filter into core, decreases more with time due to its low strength. As confining pressure increases, discharge capacity decreases due to the squeezing of filter into core.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1141-1149
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• 2011

The three-dimensional hydrodynamic model was simulated to understand coastal sea front of formation and seasonal variation in the Southern Sea of Korea. In this study, we used to concept of stratification factor, to realize seasonal distribution of stratification coefficient which of seasonal residual flow, considered with, tide, wind and density effect. Tidal current tends to flow westward during the flood and eastward during ebb. The current by the wind stress showed to be much stronger the coastal than the offshore area in the surface layer. And the current by the horizontal gradient of water density showed to be relatively weak in the coastal area, with little seasonal differences. On the other hand, the flow in the offshore area showed results similar to that of the Tsushima Warm Current. The stratification factor (SHv) was calculated by taking into account the total flow of tide, wind and density effect. In summer, the calculated SHv distribution ranged from 2.0 to 2.5, similar to that of the coastal sea front. The horizontal temperature gradient showed to be strong during the winter, when the vertical stratification is weak. On the other hand, the horizontal gradient became weak in summer, during which vertical stratification is strong. Therefore, it is presume that the strength of vertical stratification and the horizontal temperature gradient affect the position of the coastal sea front.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1035-1042
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• 2006

An experimental investigation was performed to study two-phase pressure drop of deionized water in a microchannel. Measurement and evaluation of two-phase frictional pressure gradient were carried out using a single horizontal rectangular microchanne1 having a hydraulic diameter of $100{\mu}m$. Tests were performed for mass fluxes of 90, 169, and 267 $kg/m^2$s and heat fluxes of 200-700 $kW/m^2$. Test results showed that the measured two-phase frictional pressure gradient increased with the mass flux and vapor quality. Most macro-channel correlations of two-phase frictional pressure gradient did not provide reliable predictions except under certain limited conditions.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2003

수평배수재 내의 기포로 인한 불포화상태가 통수능에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 단면 크기 및 코어 형태에 따라 4종류의 배수재를 선정하여 불포화 통수능력시험을 실시하였다. 가압시간, 구속압, 동수경사 등의 변화에 따른 불포화 통수능의 변화를 분석하고 포화 통수능과 비교하였다. 분석결과, 불포화 통수능은 동수경사가 0.01인 경우, 포화 통수능에 비해 배수재 내에 적체된 잔류기포의 영향으로 인해 17%~80% 감소하였다. 이는 수평배수재의 경우, 수평으로 흐르는 물의 흐름 방향과 부양되려는 기포의 이동방향이 서로 일치하지 않기 때문으로 평가된다. 특히 배수재의 코어 형상이 필라멘트 모양인 경우 기포가 빠져나가기 어려워 불포화 통수능이 크게 저하되었다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2012

하구언이 설치된 하구의 여름철 환경변화는 방류되는 담수에 의해 결정된다. 본 연구에서는 영산강 하구언 담수방류에 의한 하구의 염분 및 수온 분포를 파악하기 위하여 2010년 6월 소규모 방류시와 8월의 집중방류 중 후로 3회에 걸쳐 8개 정점에서 관측한 CTD 자료를 분석하였다. 6월의 소규모 방류시 표층염분은 30~32.5 psu를 나타냈고, 수평구배는 고하도 근해에서 다른 해역에 비해 상대적인 큰 값을 보여주었다(0.25~0.32 psu/km). 그러나, 저층염분은 약 33 psu의 일정한 값을 보여 수평구배는 존재하지 않았다. 영산강 하구내 수온은 $19{\sim}21^{\circ}C$ 범위를 보이며 동서방향보다 남북방향의 구배가 상대적으로 크게 나타났다. 대규모 방류가 진행 중이었던 8월 12일의 경우 표층염분은 9~26 psu로 감소하였다. 또한, 고하도 북쪽 수로의 표층과 저층 수평구배가 각각 3.79 psu/km와 0.28 psu/km인 강한 염분전선이 형성되었다. 수온은 하구언에서 높고 멀어질수록 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 고하도 북쪽수로 표층과 저층에서 각각 $-0.45^{\circ}C/km$와 $-0.12^{\circ}C/km$의 공간적 변화가 나타났다. 집중방류 후(3차 관측) 표층염분은 22~26 psu로 회복되었으나 고하도 주변해역에서 여전히 높은 수평구배가 나타났다. 저층염분은 26.5~27.5 psu의 범위로 전반적으로 감소하였으나 수평구배는 크지 않았다. 하구언 가까운 정점에서 관측한 염분과 수온 시계열 자료에 의하면, 상층의 고온저염수가 일시적으로 하강하였다가 빠르게 회복하는 패턴을 보여주었는데, $13{\times}10^6$ 톤 방류시 회복속도는 약 0.4 m/hr로 나타났다. 영산강 하구는 대규모 방류 후 전반적으로 저염화되고, 여름철의 강한 태양복사에 의해 표층수온은 증가하여 하구 내 성층구조가 강화되고 수직혼합이 억제되는 환경이 형성되었다. 담수방류에 따른 염분의 공간적인 분포특성을 볼 때, 수평구배가 높은 고하도 주변해역, 고하도에서 하구언까지 염분이 낮은 내측해역, 그리고 상대적으로 높은 염분을 보이는 고하도에서 연안까지 외측해역으로 구분할 수 있다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

This study analyzed pore water pressure, seepage and leakage quantity, height of seepage and critical hydraulic gradient in order to suggest the seepage characteristics of agricultural reservoir embankment considering filter interval. The seepage characteristics of a deteriorated reservoir embankments were conducted according to the horizontal filter intervals range using three- dimensional finite element analysis. The wider the horizontal filter interval, the higher the pore water pressure increased, and the pore water pressure ratio in the center of the core has a greater effect than the base part. The seepage and leakage quantity appeared largely in the two-dimensional analysis conditions (case 1), where the filter was constructed totally in the longitudinal direction of the embankment, the wider the horizontal filter interval was gradually reduced. The reasonable filter intervals to yield efficient seepage characteristics were within 30 m for the pore water pressure of the core and the height of the seepage line. The stability of the filter installation was able to evaluate the stability of the piping by the critical hydraulic gradient method. The deteriorated reservoir with no filters or decreased functionality can significantly reduce the possibility of piping by simply installing a filter on the downstream slope. In the future, the deteriorated reservoir embankment should be checked for the reservoir remodeling because the core and filter functions have been lost or decreased significantly. In the case of a new installation, the seepage characteristic behavior due to the core and filter changes should be applied to the field after obtaining a reasonable horizontal filter interval that satisfies the safety factor by a three-dimensional analysis.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2020

직육면체 프리즘에 대한 중력, 자력, 중력 변화율 텐서 및 자력 변화율 텐서 반응식을 정리하였다. 직교 좌표계에서 직육면체 프리즘에 대한 삼중 적분으로 수직 중력을 유도하고, 직육면체의 축 방향 대칭성을 이용하여 순환 치환으로 두 개의 수평 중력 성분을 유도한다. 벡터 중력을 각 성분 별로 미분하여 중력 변화율 텐서를 유도한다. 포아송(Poisson) 관계식을 이용하면 일정한 방향으로 자화된 벡터 자력은 중력 변화율 텐서로부터 얻어진다. 벡터 자력을 각 방향으로 미분하여 최종적으로 자력 변화율 텐서를 유도하였다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제54권8호
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• pp.371-377
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• 2005

This paper Presents the Potential gradient characteristics of structure grounding electrode when a test current flows through grounding electrode. In order to analyze the potential gradient of ground surface on structure grounding electrode, the reduced scale model has been used. The potential gradient has been measured and analyzed for types of structure using the hemispherical grounding simulation system in real time. The structures were designed through reducing real buildings and fabricated with four types on a scale of one-one hundred sixty. The supporter was made to put up with weight of structure and could move into vertical, horizontal, rotary direction. When a test current flowed through structure grounding electrodes, ground potential rise was the lowest value at electric cage type(type B). According to resistivity and absorption percentage In concrete attached to structure, the potential distribution of ground surface appeared differently.