• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 1987

Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate effects of spray volumes and surfactants, L-77 and Triton CS-7 on leaf retention of glyphosate in Zea mays, Hordeum vulgare, Artemisia princeps, Trifolium repens and Equisetum arvense. Leaf retention was increased when glyphosate with L-77 or Triton CS-7 was applied in a spray volumes of 10-20 l/10a in Zea mays and 40 l/10a in Artemisia princeps but decreased when spray volumes were higher than above volumes and 40-80 l/10a in Trifolium repens. Hordeum vulgare leaves retained more spray when glyphosate with L-77 or Triton CS-7 was applied in all spray volumes tested. Equisetum arvense retained higher amount of spray by application of glyphosate with L-77 compared with Triton CS-7 and no surfactant treatments.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.715-731
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a disorder characterized by repeated emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms before menstruation, and the exact cause and mechanism are uncertain. Hyperprolactinemia interferes with the normal production of estrogen and progesterone, leading to PMS symptoms. Thus, we judged that the inhibition of prolactin hypersecretion could mitigate PMS symptoms. MATERIALS/METHODS: Hordeum vulgare L. extract (HVE), Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum extract (CZE), and Lomens-P0 the mixture of these extracts were tested in subsequent experiments. The effect of extracts on prolactin secretion at the in vitro level was measured in GH3 cells. Nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory mediator expression were measured in RAW 264.7 cells to confirm the anti-inflammatory effect. Also, the hyperprolactinemic Institute for Cancer Research (ICR) mice model was used to measure extract effects on prolactin and hormone secretion and uterine inflammation. RESULTS: Anti-inflammatory effects of and prolactin secretion suppress by HVE and CZE were confirmed through in vitro experiments (P < 0.05). Treatment with Lomens-P0 inhibited prolactin secretion (P < 0.05) and restored normal sex hormone secretion in the hyperprolactinemia mice model. In addition, extracts significantly inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory biomarkers, including interleukin-1𝛽, and -6, tumor necrosis factor-𝛼, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 (P < 0.01). We used high-performance liquid chromatography analyses to identify tricin and chlorogenic acid as the respective components of HVE and CZE that inhibit prolactin secretion. The Lomens-P0, which includes tricin and chlorogenic acid, is expected to be effective in improving PMS symptoms in the human body. CONCLUSIONS: The Lomens-P0 suppressed the prolactin secretion in hyperprolactinemia mice, normalized the sex hormone imbalance, and significantly suppressed the expression of inflammatory markers in uterine tissue. This study suggests that Lomens-P0 may have the potential to prevent or remedy materials to PMS symptoms.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.62-70
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• 2021

We analyzed the growth and quality characteristics of barley sprouts grown under artificial light sources consisting of a fluorescent lamp or light-emitting diode (LED) in an aquaculture system (grown with water only, without nutrients). At the end of the observation period, the shoots grown under the fluorescent lamp treatment were the longest, followed by the LED treatment and natural light-treatment. It was also observed that growth was faster for sprouts subjected to a non-sterilizing treatment than those subjected to a 70% ethanol treatment. As the seed sowing rate for planting trays increased, the yield of harvested barley sprouts increased; among light treatments, the natural light treatment resulted in the lowest yield, while the fluorescent light treatment resulted in the highest. The total phenol and total flavonoid contents of extracts of the barley sprouts were highest for the natural light treatment, but TEAC and FRAP were both highest for the fluorescent lamp treatment. The essential amino acid content ranged from 41.64 to 45.93 mg/g and was relatively higher for the natural light treatment than the other two treatments, while the content of non-essential amino acids was highest for the LED treatment. The total amino acid content was highest for the LED treatment at 97.47 ± 6.30 mg/g, for which the content of non-essential amino acids (53.17%) was higher than that of essential amino acids (46.83%).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.7
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• pp.816-821
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• 2017

Vanadium is a trace mineral present in dietary sources, most commonly vegetables. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth and vanadium absorption characteristics of Brassica napus L., Fagopyrum esculentum, and Hordeum vulgare L. using different Jeju water concentrations. The growth of three sprout vegetables and absorption characteristics of vanadium were different depending on Jeju water concentration containing vanadium. In the case of B. napus L. and H. vulgare L., germination rate was inhibited by increasing Jeju water concentration, whereas in F. esculentum, the best germination rate (60.7 %) was obtained at 40 times concentration of Jeju water (vanadium, 1.34 mg/L). For the sprout growth, growth of shoots increased with increasing Jeju water concentration, but root growth was gradually inhibited by increasing Jeju water concentration. For the absorption of vanadium by Jeju water concentration, vanadium was not detected in H. vulgare L. The vanadium contents of B. napus L. and F. esculentum were 4.2 mg/kg and 2.9 mg/kg at 10 times concentration of Jeju water (vanadium, 0.46 mg/L), respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.641-651
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• 2022

The biodiversity research of barley, a functional food, is proceeding to conserve germplasms and develop new cultivar of barley to improve its functional effects. In this study, with 25,104 barley germplasms in the National Agrobiodiversity Center, South Korea, the biodiversity index of species was much lower (1.17) than the origins (24.73) because of the presence of a biased species, Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare, but the species and origin of germplasms were significantly different with regard to genetic traits. In the clustering analysis based on genetic traits, we found that 97% barley germplasms could mostly be distributed between 1~7 clusters out of a total of 15 clusters; 'normal and uzu type', 'lodging', and 'loose smut' were commonly represented in the 1~7 clusters and some clusters showed specific differences in five genetic traits including 'growth habit'. In correlation of each genetic trait, the infection of 'barley yellow mosaic virus' was highly correlated to 'number of grains per spike'. '1000 grain weight' was weakly correlated with seven genetic traits including 'number of grains per spike'. Our analysis for barley's biodiversity can provide a useful guide to the species' phenotypes that need to be collected to conserve biodiversity and to breed new barley varieties.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2000

The effects of ozone on chloroplast development in barley seedlings during greening was investigated based on ultrastructural changes in the chloroplasts and band pattern changes in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane proteins. In this analysis of the chloroplast thylakoid membrane thylakoid protein band pattern by SDS-PAGE, none of the 24-hour greening bands included were clearer than the control. This means that the ozone treatment produced a dealy in chloroplast development and decreased the amount of thylakoid membrane proteins. LHC II chloroplast band of developing barley seedlings treated with 0.5 and 1.0 ppm ozone during the last 4 hours of the 24-hour greening period was weaker than the other bands. This result indicates that ozone affects the LHC II protein complex of the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. When investigating the ultastructural changes in ozone-treated chloroplast, the main site affected by 0.5 ppm ozone was the chloroplast grana, thereby explaining the delayed chloroplast development during the early phase of greening. In addition, there was also a structural change in the stromal grana of the ozone treated chloroplast during the middle phase of greening. The effects of ozone on the chloroplast of barley seedlings during the last phase of 48-hour greening were more functionally inhibiting than structural changes.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.103-105
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• 2007

Mechanical transmission of barley seedlings with barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) is generally inefficient and is the major constraint for testing cultivar resistance to the virus. To explore mechanical transmission, BaYMV-infected barley plants were grown at different conditions and used as inoculum sources to seedlings of susceptible barley cultivar Baegdong. Extracts prepared from BaYMV-infected Baegdong plants at 47, 53, 74, and 90 days after symptom appearance (DASA) and grown at 10 and $12^{\circ}C$ gave 10, 30, 68 and 76% infection, respectively on inoculated susceptible barley cv. Baegdong seedlings. While Jinyangbori, another susceptible cultivar obtained 95% infection rate inoculated with extracts from 90 DASA disease source and grown at $10/12^{\circ}C$. However, low infection rates were obtained when the virus sources were grown in a greenhouse at $15-18^{\circ}C$. Our results indicate that longer incubation period and lower temperature are required for virus accumulation and stability.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1179-1186
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• 2012

For better understanding of carbon cycle dynamics of an agro-ecosystem, an accurate assessment of seasonal and daily $CO_2$ flux is essential to understand the relationship between various environmental factors and crop productivity. We developed the automatic sliding canopy chamber (ASCC) system that measured continuous net ecosystem productivity (NEP) over whole growing season under the natural meteorological rhythm. The ASCC was composed of two main parts which were sliding part for measuring NEP, and automatic opening and closing chamber (AOCC) for measuring soil respiration (SR) on the soil surface. The ASCC was developed by using open flow method for measuring soil $CO_2$ efflux. The disturbance of natural meteorological condition was minimized by opening the base frames. In the field test with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), NEP was calculated at $140mg\;CO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$ on a clear day using continuous data and eliminated the possibility of overestimate about 16% using one hour data during the day time. Unlike other small scale chamber system, installation on cropping-field made it possible to take any modifications which might be caused by natural environmental condition.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.276-280
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• 2005

Low temperature is one of the most severe abiotic stress factors limiting growth, productivity and distribution of winter cereals. Reliable field screening method, which can detect small differences in winter survival, is important for the effective selection and development of plants to identity superior cold tolerant winter cereal genotypes. This study was undertaken to provide improved screening method of winter hardiness in the field by increasing the accuracy in evaluating winter hardiness of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). We introduced furrow in field screening of winter survival. By sowing the plants at the ridge and base, we could minimize the effect of topographic variation in a field by giving higher and lower level of stress at the same time. This method could be used by breeders to conduct accurate evaluation of winter hardiness by selecting the better treatment, which shows close to normal distribution, among the winter survival rate from the ridge, base and mean survival rate of the two in a screening field.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 1994

This study was intended to obtain the basic information on the germination status, changes of $\beta$-amylase activity and reducing sugar contents during seed germination of barley after an imposition of water stress by adding Polyethylene glycol solution. The effects of water deficit on germination were to be decreased in germination rate and velocity. Respiratory Quotient was increased as the osmotic potential in culture solution was decreased. But $\beta$-amylase activity and reducing sugar contents were decreased and the ratio of dry to fresh weight of germinated seeds was increased as the osmotic potential of the culture solution was decreased.