• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.362-381
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• 2017

일반적으로 사람들은 자신들이 갖는 국적에 따라 분류되지만, 각 개인의 문화적 경향은 반드시 자신들이 속한 국적에 의해 결정되지 않는다. 오히려 하나의 문화적 배경을 가진 사람이라 하더라도 자신이 속한 하위문화에 따라 자신의 정체성과 다양성이 형성된다. 본 연구는 힙합 장르 노래에 대한 분석을 통해 미국, 독일, 한국의 하위문화적 속성을 밝혔다. 이를 위해 음원 판매액과 힙합의 역사에 관한 기존 연구를 토대로 각 국가에서 힙합이라는 장르가 출현한 시점 및 2016년의 가장 인기 있었던 노래를 각각 한 곡씩 총 여섯곡을 선정해 기호학적으로 분석했다. 국가별 힙합의 초기 및 현재 모습에 대한 비교 분석결과, 흥미롭게도 힙합은 대상에 대한 묘사에 있어 점점 유사해져 가는 동시에, 더욱 개인주의적 경향을 띠고 있음을 공통적으로 지니고 있다. 그러나 세부적인 측면에서 각 국가 간 차이가 발견되었다. 미국 힙합에서는 대표적으로 아메리칸 드림(American Dream)에 대한 열망이 드러났으며, 독일의 힙합에서는 과도한 남성성 이미지가 강조되었다. 한편, 한국 힙합은 보다 일상적인 생각과 이야기를 중심으로 전개되는 양상을 띠었다. 나아가 비록 사회 비판의 도구로서 힙합이 갖는 중요도가 점차 감소하고는 있지만, 여전히 힙합은 강력한 문화적 반항이자 새로운 도전의 상징으로 인식되고 있다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.748-756
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• 2013

This paper addresses the problem of online hop timing detection and frequency estimation of multiple frequency-hopping (FH) signals with antenna arrays. The problem is deemed as a dynamic one, as no information about the hop timing, pattern, or rate is known in advance, and the hop rate may change during the observation time. The technique of particle filtering is introduced to solve this dynamic problem, and real-time frequency and direction of arrival estimates of the FH signals can be obtained directly, while the hop timing is detected online according to the temporal autoregressive moving average process. The problem of network sorting is also addressed in this paper. Numerical examples are carried out to show the performance of the proposed method.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2016

N-screen is a promising technology to improve support for multimedia multicasting, content sharing, content mobility, media scalability, and seamless mobility. In this paper, the WiMedia distributed-MAC (D-MAC) protocol is adopted for development of a seamless N-screen wireless service. Furthermore, to provide a multi-hop, one source multi-use N-screen service through point to point streaming in a seamless D-MAC protocol, a dynamic multi-frame transmission technology is proposed. In this technology, a dynamic time slot allocation scheme and a multi-hop resource reservation scheme are combined. In the proposed dynamic time slot allocation scheme, two thresholds, a hard threshold and a soft threshold, are included to satisfy the power consumption and delay requirements. A multi-frame DRP reservation scheme is proposed to minimize end-to-end delay during the multi-hop transmissions between N-screen devices. The proposed dynamic multi-frame transmission scheme enhances N-screen performance in terms of the multi-hop link establishment success rate and link establishment time compared to the conventional WiMedia D-MAC system.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.120-130
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• 2009

In recent years, many mobile wireless communication devices and applications have been deployed on the planet. The mobile multi-hop wireless network models appeared to provide means to access to networks where few infrastructure exists. However, the mobile multi-hop wireless networks have weaker points in attacks and intrusions than the wired and one-hop wireless networks. In this paper, the secure routing issues in most mobile multi-hop wireless network models are surveyed in depth. The state-of-the-art technologies and research activities are explained. Finally, the issues and technologies for the secure routing specific to a maritime network model are sufficiently discussed as conclusions.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.50-55
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• 2010

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM) dual-hop systems can take full advantages of the techniques of both multi-hop communication and OFDM. To achievethis end, we propose a joint subcarrier matching, power allocation and bit loading algorithm operating under a total power constraint and the same Bit Error Rate(BER) threshold over all subcarriers. Simulation results demonstrated system throughput improvement compared to single-hop systems and dual-hop systems with different bit loading algorithms for each relay position, power constraint, and required BER.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2008년도 하계종합학술대회
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• pp.277-278
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• 2008

Localization system is an important problem for Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN). Since the sensor nodes are limited, the range-based that uses the special device for localization is unsuitable in WSN. DV-Hop is one of the range-free localization algorithm using hop-distance and number of hop count. But Its disadvantage is that it spend large communication cost in scalable sensor nodes. We propose a simple algorithm to reduce the communication cost, using the smallest number of hop count.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.156-162
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• 2017

This paper investigates two-hop extension communication in wireless body area networks. Many previous studies have demonstrated that two-hop extended topology outperforms single-hop topology. Although many researchers have proposed using two-hop extension communication to improve link reliability, no one has considered using a relay selection algorithm or provided a suitable solution for wireless body area networks. The design goal of the proposed algorithm is selecting a proper relay node to retransmit failed packets distributively. The proposed algorithm configures the carrier sensing period to choose one relay node promptly without requiring additional interaction. We analyze the link conditions corresponding to various body postures and investigate which factors are proper to determine the carrier sensing period. The empirical results show that the proposed algorithm reduces the expected number of transmissions required to deliver a packet successfully.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2006년도 하계종합학술대회
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• pp.151-152
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• 2006

Multi-hop system has advantage of low power consumption, improved cell capacity, and enlarged service coverage. Most of previous researches show that multi-hop relaying beyond dual-hop relaying does not improve system performance significantly. This leads most researches are focused on dual-hop relaying system. In this paper, we propose an optimal boundary condition to support maximal data rate for fluctuation of traffic load in single cell dual-hop relay system.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제15C권4호
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• pp.289-296
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• 2008

최근, 무선 메쉬 네트워크에서 라우팅 프로토콜에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으며 대표적인 proactive 라우팅 프로토콜인 DSDV (Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector) 라우팅 프로토콜에서는 홉 수가 주요 라우팅 메트릭으로 사용된다. HMP (Hop-by-Hop) DSDV 및 EHMP (Enhanced HMP) DSDV 라우팅 프로토콜에서는 홉 수 및 한 홉 거리 내에 위치한 노드들의 잉여 대역폭을 고려하여 라우팅을 수행하고 있으나, 단대단 라우팅 관점에서 최적이 아닌 경로로 라우팅을 수행하는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 단점을 극복하기 위해 홉 수 및 단대단 최소 잉여 대역폭을 고려한 CAMP (Cost-Aware Multi-Path) DSDV 라우팅 프로토콜을 제안한다. NS-2를 이용한 성능 분석을 통해 제안하는 라우팅 프로토콜은 홉 수 및 단대단 최소 잉여 대역폭 정보를 적절히 사용함으로써 처리율 및 패킷 전달율의 측면에서 DSDV, HMP DSDV 및 EHMP DSDV 프로토콜에 비해 더 우수한 성능을 가지며 HMP DSDV 및 EHMP DSDV 프로토콜과 같은 수의 관리 메시지를 가지게 됨을 보인다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2008

Hospital on-site preparations (HOP) have long been produced in most institutions since enactment of the Ministry of Health and Welfare Notification No. 92-12 in 1992. However, due to the unclear definition of the HOP, most institutions have trouble in production and reporting of the HOP. Therefore, in this study, the definition and range of HOP are examined by questionnaire for 34 institutions, mainly teaching hospitals, which reported the items of HOP among 84 institutions having 500 or more beds. It was found that 472 items and 1,116,888 jesu of the HOP were produced at 34 institutions in 2006. Most institutions prepared $21{\sim}30$ items of HOP, and the number of institutions producing $5,000{\sim}10,000$ forms was most prevalent. Accordingly, for HOPs whose need was identified by this study, pharmaceutical companies should be pressed for commercialization.