• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.281-287
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• 2013

Due to its high salt content and poor physical properties in reclaimed tidal lands, it is important to ameliorate soil physical properties to improve the efficiency of desalination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes of soil properties at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal saline soil with various soil amendments. Field experiment was conducted at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land in Korea and the dominant soil series was Munpo series (coarse loamy, mixed, nonacid, Mesic, Typic, Fluvaquents). Woodchips, crushed-stone, oyster shell, coal bottom ash, and rice hull were added as soil amendments and mixed into surface soil to improve soil physical properties. There was large variability in soil hardness, but oyster shell treatment was significantly lower soil hardness at surface layer. Soil hardness was not significantly different below 15 cm depth. Infiltration rate was also significantly greater at oyster shell treatment. This may be due to the leaching of Ca ions from oyster shell and improved soil properties. However, there was no statistical significant difference of the soil bulk density, moisture content, and porosity. Improved physical properties increased desalinization rate in soil and retarded the resalinization rate when evapotranspiration rate was high. Although soil salinity was significantly decreased with oyster shell amendment, soil pH was increased that should be made up as a soil amendment. Our results indicated that oyster shell application increased infiltration rate and improved soil hardness, and thus oyster shell could be used to improve soil salinity level at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal saline soil.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.259-267
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• 2010

This study was performed at Rice and Winter Cereal Crops Department of NICS during 2007 and 2008 to investigate the characteristics of rice leaf emergence and to obtain basic data which can be used for rice growth simulation model by which we can forecast rice growth stage and heading date accurately under different cultivars, transplanting date, and climatic conditions. To confirm leaf emergence rate according to rice maturing ecotype, we surveyed the leaf emergence rate and heading date of Unkwangbyeo, Hwayoungbyeo and Nampyeongbyeo which are early maturing, medium maturing and medium-late maturing cultivars, respectively, according to seedling raising duration and transplanting time. When seedling duration was 15 days, the growth duration between transplanting time and completion of flag leaf emergence on main culm were 51.5~78.3 days in Unkwangbyeo, 55.3~87.9 days in Hwayoungbyeo and 58.4~98.4 days in Nampyeongbyeo, respectively. When seedling duration was 30 days, they were 50.1~75.5 days in Unkwangbyeo, 52.4~84.7 days in Hwayoungbyeo and 56.4~93.8 days in Nampyeongbyeo, respectively. As transplanting time delayed, the emerged leaf number after transplanting decreased in all rice cultivars. The cumulative temperature between transplanting time to completion of flag leaf elongation on main culm were $1,281^{\circ}C{\sim}1,650^{\circ}C$ in Unkwangbyeo, $1,344^{\circ}C{\sim}1,891^{\circ}C$ in Hwayoungbyeo and $1,454^{\circ}C{\sim}2,173^{\circ}C$ in Nampyeongbyeo, respectively. Leaf emergence rate on main culm were precisely represented by equation, y = $y_0$ + a / [1 + exp( - (x - $x_0$) / b)]^c, when we used daily mean temperature as variable.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.105-124
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• 2006

Objectives: This study examined the reproductive health status and the work-related factors of female hairdressers. Methods: This study conducted by structured questionnaire from April 21th to May 20th. The study population of 316 were female hairdressers aged 15 to 60 years in Seoul. This study analysed the influencing factors, health related factors and work related factors on reproductive health using chi-square and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: 1. The 81.7% of the subjects aged under 29 years have unhealthy behaviors. The 47% of hairdressers experienced smoking. Among the total, 37% of them answered they are smoking at present. Those results reveal their working conditions were very stressful to cope as young females. 2. The use of hair dyes(OR=2.89, 95%CI:1.17-7.12), counteractive solutions(OR=3.20, 95%CI:1.04-9.83) and not wearing protective gloves(OR=2.81, 95%CI:1.11-7.12) are significantly associated with menstrual pains. 3. The hairdressers not using perm liquids were three times as likely to report regular menstruation compared with the hairdressers using perm liquids. Wearing protective gloves also was associated with regular menstruation. Conclusion: This study revealed various risky working conditions of hairdressers was associated with their reproductive health. This study suggests that we should pay more attention to the protective working conditions for reproductive health. More comprehensive health management program including reproductive health for female hairdressers is required as well.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제12C권3호
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• pp.419-428
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• 2005

본 논문은 계층적 이동 IPv6 네트워크 환경에서 MN의 이동을 지역내와 지역간으로 구분하여 자원예약 경로에 대한 빠른 자원예약을 수행하는 알고리즘이다. 제안 알고리즘에서 MN은 계층적 이동 IPv6 환경에서 셀 영역이 겹쳐지는 영역으로 이동하였을 때 이동에 예측되는 셀의 L2 비콘 신호를 얻을 수 있다고 가정하고 이 신호를 이용하여 사전예약을 수행한다. 지역내 이동은 가장 가까운 공통 경로의 라우터를 통한 사전예약을 하고, 지역간 이동은 이동할 영역의 MAP의 QA(QoS Agent)를 통하여 해당 AR로의 사전예약을 수행하며, CN과의 예약 경로 최적화를 통한 자원예약을 수행한다. 제안 알고리즘은 이를 통하여 신속하고 효과적인 예약 경로를 설정할 수 있으며, 대역폭의 효율적인 사용과 데이터 전송시 서비스 저하를 최소화 할 수 있다.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2015

CIGS solar cell consisted of various films. In this research, we investigated electrode materials in $Cu(In,Ga)Se_2$ (CIGS) cells, including Al-doped ZnO (ZnO:Al), intrinsic ZnO (i-ZnO), and Al films. The sputtered ZnO:Al film with a sputtering power at 200W showed the lowest series resistance and highest cell efficiency. The electrical resistivity of the 200-W sputtered ZnO:Al film was $5.2{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ by the rapid thermal annealing at $200^{\circ}C$ for 1 min. The electrical resistivity of i-ZnO was not measurable due to its high resistance. But the optical transmittance was highest with less oxygen supply and high efficiency cell was achieved with $O_2/(Ar+O_2)$ ratio was 1% due to the increase of short-circuit current. No significant change in the cell performance by inserting a Ni layer between Al and ZnO:Al films was observed.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.98-103
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• 2001

Machining is the commonly used process in the manufacturing of prototypes. This process offers several advantages, such as rigidity of the machine, precision of the machine, precision of the operation and specially a quick delivery. The weight and immobility of the machine support and immobilize the part during the operation. However, despite these advantages it shows, machining still presents several limitations. The immobilization, location and support of the part are referred to as fixturing or workholding and present the biggest challenge for time efficient machining. So it is important to select and design the appropriate fixturing assembly. This assembly depends on the complexity of the part and the tool paths and may require the construction of dedicated fixtures. With traditional techniques, the range of fixturable shapes is limited and the identification of suitable fixtures in a given setup involves complex reasoning. To solve this limitation and to apply the automation, this paper presents the Reference Free Part Encapsulation(RFPE) and implementation of the encapsulation system. The feature-based modeling system and the encapsulation system are implemented. The small part of which it is difficult to find out the appropriate fixturing assembly is made by this system.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.229-242
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• 2024

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore and analyze experiences with home-visiting oral health education in vulnerable populations and to provide foundational data necessary for the development of preventive strategies for oral health promotion among these patients. Methods: Using a phenomenological research, in-depth interviews were conducted between August 29 and October 31, 2023 with 20 vulnerable individuals participating in the Home Visit Oral Health Education Program under the Gwangju+ Gwangsan Integrated Care Service project spearheaded by the Gwangju Medical Welfare Cooperative. Results: After analyzing the contents of the participants' experiences, 130 meaningful words and 14 subcategories were identified and categorized into five major themes. Participants expressed discomfort when chewing or swallowing food and felt burdened by visits to the dentist. Although they experienced considerable loneliness because they spent a significant amount of time alone, they enjoyed communicating through visitation care and expressed gratitude for receiving oral health education. Conclusions: Oral health education through home visits cam increase awareness of oral health management among vulnerable populations and serve as an important means of improving their quality of life.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.99-118
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• 2007

There are little program and services that have been developed to address the health and health care needs of vulnerable women. The access for their timely and appropriate health care and health promotion services have been a increasing concern. The purpose of this study was to suggest health promotion program for vulnerable women with collaboration of women's NGOs. At the first part of this study, we reviewed a conceptual framework for identifying vulnerable population, and issues regarding health problems, unmet needs, policies and programs that have been developed to address their need. In second part, we focused on investigating the role, subjects and activities of women's NGOs and their capacity for health promotion program. The last part of this study proposed health promotion programme with integrating above two parts of study. In describing what type of health promotion program available in women's NCOs, eight major programs and services were summarized. 1. Direct health promotion program and collaborating program with other services. 2. Education and training for empowerment of vulnerable women 3. Organizing mutual support system such as self-help group 4. Community supports. Vulnerable women living at home may benefit from linkage to community services as much as women living in facility 5. Organizing collaboration system with program for economic support and job training, social rehabilitation 6. Trainer's training for practitioners in NGOs 7. Technical, informational support from professional groups 8. A national coordinating policies for vulnerable population should be established at the central level. National support for NGOs' health promotion program are needed hi solving unmet needs of vulnerable women.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.129-134
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although several recent studies have reported the anti-cancer effects of extracts or components of Citrus unshiu peel, which has been used for various purposes in traditional medicine, the molecular mechanisms for their effects remain unclear. In the present study, the anti-cancer activity of a water-soluble extract of C. unshiu peel (WECU) in MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cells at the level of apoptosis induction was investigated. MATERIALS/METHODS: Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected using DAPI staining and flow cytometry analyses. Mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, caspase activity and Western blotting were used to confirm the basis of apoptosis. RESULTS: The results indicated that WECU-induced apoptosis was related to the activation of caspase-8, and -9, representative initiator caspases of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways, respectively, and caspase-3 accompanied by proteolytic degradation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and down-regulation of the inhibitors of apoptosis protein family members. WECU also increased the pro-apoptotic BAX to anti-apoptotic BCL-2 ratio, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytoplasm. Furthermore, WECU provoked the generation of ROS, but the reduction of cell viability and induction of apoptosis by WECU were prevented when ROS production was blocked by antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that WECU suppressed proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells by activating extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways in a ROS-dependent manner.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.67-80
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• 2022

불가의 십우도(十牛圖)는 현재 우리나라 사찰 금당 벽화에서도 자주 보이는 일종의 선종화이다. 송대 이후 발달한 목우도는 마음을 비유한 소와 이를 다스리는 목동을 소재로 하여, 이후 다양한 계층의 사람들이 도화, 게송, 화운시 등 다양한 작품을 남겼다. 이는 비단 한 시대 중국 불가 사상에서만 국한된 현상이 아닌 시대와 사상, 국경을 초월한 범문화적으로 나타난 현상으로 그 영향을 살펴볼 수 있다. 본 연구는 기존 목우도 연구에서 미비했던 유불도 삼가 사상 문화적 측면에서 통섭하고자, 유불도 삼가 사상을 대표할 수 있는 목우도송을 선정하여 각 문헌의 저술 목적, 마음의 수행 방법, 구경지취(究竟旨趣)를 비교하였다. 구체적인 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 불가의 십우도(十牛圖)는 보명의 『목우도』와 곽암의 『심우도』로 대별 된다. 불가의 선종은 깨달음을 통한 해탈을 지향한다. 이에 불가의 『목우도』와 『심우도』는 모두 점수(漸修)의 수행방법으로 수심증도(修心證道)를 위하여 작성되었다. 하지만 이는 선종과 교학의 관점 차이에 따른 강조점이 달라 화제(畫題)와 게송이 달리 나타난다. 둘째, 보명의 『목우도』는 방할기용(棒喝機用)이란 방법을 통해 미목(未牧)에서 쌍민(雙泯)의 진공묘유(眞空妙有)에 이르기까지 수행 과정을 소개하였으며, 그 이면에는 쌍민의 일원상(一圓相)마저도 초월하는 것을 구경처(究竟處)로 삼고 있다. 셋째, 곽암의 『심우도』는 심우(尋牛)에서 입전수수(入鄽垂手)에 이르는 점수(漸修)의 수행 과정을 나타내고 있다. 이는 사교입선(捨敎入禪)을 통해 상구보리(上求菩提), 하화중생(下化衆生)하는 경지에 나아가 중생(衆生)과 함께하는 화광동진(和光同塵)을 구경처(究竟處)로 삼아 모든 중생의 불성(佛性)을 제도하고자 하였다. 넷째, 시미즈 슌류(清水春流)의 『유가십마도(儒家十馬圖)』는 보명의 『목우도』를 차용하여, 유가의 심학의 지취를 설파하는 '원불입유(援佛入儒)'의 특징이 있다. 이는 유가의 학문의 목적인 '학성현, 복기성[學聖賢, 復其性]'을 근거로 '제외안내(制外安內)'의 함양(涵養) 공부를 통해 도(道)와 합일된 군자, 즉 성인(聖人)을 지향한다. 그 구경처(究竟處)는 『중용』의 "상천지재, 무성무취(上天之載, 無聲無臭)"와 합치된다. 다섯째, 원명노인(圓明老人)의 『상승수진삼요(上乘修真三要)』는 보명의 『목우도』를 차용함과 동시에 자신의 지취를 설하기 위해 총 13장의 그림으로 구성되어 '원불입도(援佛入道)'의 특징이 있다. 도교는 양생술을 통한 장생불사의 신선 성취를 목적으로 한다. 이에 반환심성(返還心性)을 통해 심신(心身)을 모두 버리고 태극의 정기로 새롭게 잉태된 성태(聖胎)로 화하여 궁극적으로 '원래 시초인 자금선(紫金仙)을 지향한다는 점이 도교만의 독특한 특징으로 나타난다. 이의 구경처(究竟處)는 지도회홍(至道恢弘)의 도의 속성과 합치되는 법신청정(法身淸淨)이다.