• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.650-661
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the importance and satisfaction of consumer selective attributes by home meal replacement (HMR) types using local ingredients. This study was conducted from December 4 to December 8, 2020. A total of 380 responses organized according to preferred types of HMR (100 for Ready to Eat (RTE), 92 for Ready to Heat (RTH), 88 for Ready to Cook (RTC), 100 for Ready to Prepared (RTP) were used for the final analysis. Statistical analysis was conducted by descriptive analysis, paired t-test, and importance-satisfaction analysis by HMR type. Findings of this study showed significant differences in consumer selective attributes by HMR type. RTE and RTC need to improve quality while RTH needs to improve quality and packaging. Notable selective attributes were quality, packaging, and information. They were located in different quadrants of each HMR type. All other attributes appeared in the same quadrant. Further research is needed to determine differences in quality, packaging, and information for each HMR type. Results of this study provide basic data for developing products and marketing strategies for each type of HMR products using local ingredients.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.75-91
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• 2022

Purpose - This study aims to predict the future market and draw policy implications by analyzing the trend of outsourcing housework through the food subscription service. Research design, data, and methodology - Content analysis was conducted on the consumption value emphasized in advertisements by item targeting food subscription service advertisements. Advertisements used as research data were extracted via keyword searches on Google web pages. A total of 30 advertisements selected were used for the final analysis. Result -The consumption values emphasized in the advertisements for staple foods, refreshments, and special foods were analyzed by considering the following factors: price, convenience, health, and pleasure. Convenience and health were emphasized in the staple foods, and price and pleasure were emphasized in the snacks. In the case of special foods, convenience and pleasure appeared together with a focus on health. Conclusion - Based on the trend of food subscription services, the implications for the market and policies for outsourcing housework through home meal replacement can be presented. Considering that the consumption value of a food subscription service is differentiated by item, it is necessary to formulate a plan to develop the market and policies related to outsourcing housework.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.324-334
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• 2022

This study was conducted to provide basic data for product development and marketing strategies for the Thai home meal replacement (HMR) market, to reflect the changing trends in household sizes in Thailand. The results of analyzing the characteristics and differences of HMR consumption behavior between single-person households and multi-person households in Thailand were as follows: It was found that single-person households use HMR to save money and for the convenience in cooking and preparation. In the preference by HMR type, multi-person households showed a higher preference for all types of products than single-person households. Thai consumers, regardless of their household size, mainly use department stores and large shopping malls to purchase HMR, and they most prefer to get information through Internet advertisements. The shelf life, quality, taste, hygiene, and freshness of HMR were the main considerations for their selection. Based on the results of this study, the Thai market requires the development of HMR products that are reasonable in terms of cost and preparation time. In addition, it is necessary to develop products that can satisfy consumer needs, such as nutritional enhancement and therapeutic foods, products that are organic, eco-friendly, cater to various menus, and address the premium segment.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.253-263
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyse factors related to Home Meal Replacement (HMR) use among university students and to determine the dietary quality according to its consumption. A survey on the consumption of HMR and Nutrition Quotient (NQ) was conducted from September to November 2021. The study included 232 university students (88 males, 144 females) from Chungcheong. The proportion of consumption at least once a week was 71.55% for ready-to-eat foods, 55.60% for ready-to-cook foods, 40.95% for fresh-cut products, and 21.12% for meal-kits. The preference ratings were as follows: ready-to-eat foods, 3.77 out of 5 points, meal-kits, 3.53 points, fresh-cut products, 3.52 points, and ready-to-cook foods, 3.45 points. In terms of satisfaction, convenience (4.06 out of 5 points), taste (3.71 points), variety (3.67 points), and food hygiene (3.62 points) were rated the highest. The scores in the moderation NQ were significantly lower in the groups that consumed ready-to-eat foods (p=0.0002), ready-to-cook foods (p=0.0002), and meal-kits (p=0.0068) at least once a week compared to the groups that consumed them less than once a week. In conclusion, the results will serve as basic data for nutrition education for proper consumption of HMR among university students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.531-541
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• 2021

This study was conducted to provide basic data for evolving a strategy for the development of Vietnam's customized HMR program and formulating a marketing strategy by analyzing the characteristics and variations of HMR consumption behavior by household size. The results of the analysis were as follows: The number of single households using HMR as a general meal at home was higher than multiple-person households. Moreover, there was a high preference for 'ready to heat' and 'ready to eat' products, which are relatively easy to cook and prepare. It was observed that single households preferred department stores, hypermarkets, and convenience stores for purchasing HMR when compared to multiple households, and that single households preferred to acquire information through TV/radio and internet advertisements. Among the HMR selection attributes, single households valued taste, quantity, price, preparation process, preparation time, and ease of storage as important. Reflecting on the results of this study, when developing HMR in Vietnam, it is necessary to develop a product that can nutritionally replace the general meal with a focus on convenience. In addition, there is a need for products that possess various attributes such as convenience, health, and eco-friendliness.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.473-480
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• 2016

As the lifestyle of people today is evolving, the desire for convenient but nutritious food to replace home-cooked meals is increasing. As the market for Home Meal Replacement (HMR) has already reached 17 hundred billion Won, many studies on HMR selection attributes have been conducted, using traditional Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA). However, it was found that traditional IPA had some limitations. Therefore, the study used both traditional and the Revised IPA to examine the selection attributes of HMR sold at large discount store to compare outcomes. The results of the study show that by using the Revised IPA, many attributes differed from those found by the traditional IPA. Consequently, the study revealed aspects that have both linear and nonlinear relationships with customer satisfaction. Implications of this study could provide the foundation of business strategies for HMR manufacturers.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2017

Home meal replacements (HMR) are kinds of convenient foods as cooked or semi-cooked foods, which are produced outside of home, to eat directly or after simple cooking in substitution for traditional home meals. Recently the market size for HMR is expanding rapidly around the world due to the changes of global consumer trends, growth of single-person household, increase in economic participation of women, aging population, and so on. The Europe takes over 52.4% of the global market share for HMR in global HMR market, and North America, Asia-Pacific, and Africa-Middle East are following. The most popular HMR products in US and Europe are frozen foods, whereas the market share of chilled products in Asia including Japan, South Korea, and Vietnam are much higher than that in US and Europe. Currently, the trends in HMR is focus on the expansion of the list of products that replace for meals with simple cooking, but it is expected that nutrition-enforced HMR product for aged persons or patients who live alone are requested for the further growth of the HMR market.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.576-583
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to estimate the influence of the determinants for home meal replacement (HMR) purchase frequency before and after COVID-19. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to the 2018~2020 Consumer Behavior Survey for Food data from the Korea Rural Economic Institute (KREI). Gender, age, number of households, monthly income, use of eating out, delivery and takeout order service, HMR food safety concern, the frequency of cooking at home, grocery shopping, and eating alone were applied as the explanatory variables to explain HMR purchase frequency. The results are as below. Compared to the previous year, the growth rate of HMR purchase frequency in 2020 was relatively high, indicating that the COVID-19 outbreak acted as a catalyst. Unlike in 2018 and 2019, there was no statistical difference in the HMR purchase frequency between single- and multi-person households in 2020, with indicating multi-person households began to emerge as one of the major HMR consumption groups. Unlike 2018, the 2020 HMR purchase frequency showed a statistically positive relationship with those of grocery shopping and eating alone. There was a positive relationship between the frequency of eating out/food delivery orders and HMR purchases. The more often cooking at home occurred, the less HMR food was purchased.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.246-260
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• 2018

This study examined the customers' perception on Home Meal Replacement (HMR) products. Specifically, there were three research objectives: 1. to identify the customers' HMR purchase patterns and preference of HMR product development; 2. to identify the attributes of the HMR products that the customers perceive; and 3. to examine the customers' level of expectation-confirmation toward HMR product attributes according to the demographic characteristics. This study employed a self-administered survey that was distributed online from November 21~24, 2017. The sample of the study was the customers who had purchased HMR products in the six months prior to taking the survey. A total of 553 respondents completed the survey, which was used for data analysis. The results revealed the customers' HMR purchase patterns. The major HMR product type of purchase was ready to heat (52.6%), while the main reason for purchasing HMR products was convenience (83.2%). For the differences in the level of expectation-confirmation toward HMR products in accordance with the demographic characteristics of customers, the results indicated that there was a difference in the expectation-confirmation level according to age, whereas the respondents aged 29 and under showed a significantly higher level of time-saving for the preparation and ease of cooking (P<0.05) than the other age groups. In addition, there was a significant difference in the expectation-confirmation level for saving meal preparation time (P<0.05) and convenience (P<0.01) among the customer's occupation. These findings can provide the basis for a strategy for developing HMR products reflecting the rapidly changing customers' needs. HMR products should be developed according to the specific target market, as the study indicated that the respective customer segmentation resulted in a difference in their expectation toward HMR products.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.19-24
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• 2015

Purpose - This study attempts to identify the attributes of home meal replacements (HMR) from the perspective of consumers as well as suggest some directions for HMR. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - For the research, food and nutrition professors were interviewed and surveys were completed using the revised Delphi method to identify attributes of HMR. Subsequently, a total of 140 food and nutrition students already aware of HMR were asked to rate the attributes in terms of importance and satisfaction. In addition, Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) was conducted. Results - According to the analysis results, a total of seven key factors were deduced from the attributes ratings and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) criteria, which is used to verify the appropriateness of the selection of the variables. Conclusion - The findings could be helpful in the future as reference data for HMR producers and distributors to assist in the diagnosis of the status of HMR. Additionally, the data may point to some areas that need greater attention in terms of production as well as marketing.