• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.149-159
• /
• 1970

This study is to investigate the status of anemia, especially iron deficiency anemia among pre-school children in rural area in Korea. The survey was conducted in Sang-dae Ri, Yusong Myon, Daedok Gun, Chung Chong Nam-Do from July 30 th to August 12th, 1968. The measurements were done of height, weight, hematologist and biochemical levels on ninety-two pre-school children, 47 male, and 45 female, one to six years of age. Hemoglobin was determined by the method of cyanmethemoglobin and hematocrit by micro hematocrit centrifuge. The determination of serum iron, iron-binding capacity was done by the method of Ramsay using bathophenanthroline and the serum albumin was determined by Biuret Reaction. The results of this study are as follows: 1) 54.4 percent of the pre-school children weighed less than 90 percent of the Korean General Standard Weight level. 2) The average hemoglobin level was $11.0{\pm}1.57gm/100ml$, 38.0 percent of the children were anemic with less than 1.0gm/100ml. Of the anemic children 60 percent were below the Korean General Standard Weight level. 3) 27.5 percent of the pre-school children were found to have below 32 percent of a hematocrit values and 28.0 percent showed less than 33 percent in M.C.H.C. These results showed that the incidence of hypochromic anemia in these pre-school children was high. 4) 37.9 percent of these children had a serum iron level less than $50{\mu}g/100ml\;and\;31.0\;percent\;had\;a\;TIBC\;above\;400{\mu}g$ while 48.3 percent showed a transferrin saturation lower than 15 percent. On the basis of these findings, it is concluded than the cause of this anemia was iron deficiency. 5) In this group there was a little evidence of low total serum protein levels. However, 10.4 percent of the children had a deficient serum albumin level, below 2.80 gm/100ml while 51.7 percent had a low level, less than 3.50gm/100ml, and 34.5 percent of the children had a low level of TIBC, less than $350{\mu}g/100ml$, and considering these facts, it is suggested that some of the anemias have a multiple causes through protein deficiency and repeated chronic infection apart from iron deficiency.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.59-68
• /
• 1979

This work was carried out to detect the enterobacterial contamination in summer kimchies and their antagonis tic activity with lactic acid bacteria during kimchi fermentation. And obtained results were as in the followings. 1) Severe cases of enterobactrial contamination were found in every kimchi material and in the first step of summer kimchi fermention. 2) Some pathogenic or food poisonous strain of Salmonellaspp. was identified among the contaminated enterobacteria. 3) Pathogenic strains of Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexneri or E. coli which were added to kimchi fermention, were contineously detected for 10days at the temperature of $10^{\circ}C$. Food poisonous strain of Vibrio parahemolyticus was more resistant than the above stains in the kimchi fermentation. 4) And in summer condition(over $30^{\circ}C$) the added pathogenic strains of enterobacteria were also detected for 2 day at pH of 4.5 kimchi fermentation. 5) The antagonistic activity of enterobacteria in lactate buffer solution of pH 4.8 was more stron than that in the kimchi fermentation at $30^{\circ}C$ of summer condition. 6) According to the above results, sanitary washing processes for every kind of kimchi material (vegitables) are required to reduce the enterobacterial concentration which is usually contaminated. And some fermentation period is also required to avoid the possible kimchi food poisoning.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.13
• /
• pp.21-37
• /
• 1989

In May 1987, 11 clay icons and other stone products were excavated in an abandoned ancient tomb which was located in 541-1 Hwangsung-dong, Kyungju. 6 clay figures of them were depicted realistically man's features and postures, costume at that time that they gave a lot of significance to the fields of Korean Costume's Academic Society. The main purpose of this thesis is to study the background of costume history when it was made and its formal characteristics with the study of those 6 clay figures. Shilla accepted the customs and attires of Sui and T'ang by means of frequent in coming and out going Chinese envoy as well as Shilla's envoy, monks, hostages, and students in China. From that period, the diversity of Shilla's costume began to develop by introducing Tang's style into Shilla's costume. Crested hat of men's clothing of the clay figures in Hwangsung- Dong is Bokdu Men's figure II wore Bokdu which Hugak is attached to Byunhyung. The garment is a Po and it is a tight sleeve and silhouette's Banryungpo. The horizontal line of hemline of men's figure 1 can be presumed by expression of Ran though it is not as accurate as the clay figues in Yongg-ang-Dong. As for torso part 1, it can not be known the style of the crested hat because the head part was damaged, but it were shoes, belt and common sleeve, Banryungpo on tight sleeve shirt and tight trouser. The hair style of the women's clothing in Hwangsung-dong clay figure is Bukkye peculiar to Korea. The costume was slim silhouette that people wore tight sleeve and short blouse and long skirt and belted on their bosom which dresses style was in vogue from late Sui dynasty to the early years of the Tang period. The silh ouette of slim silhouette's high waist which can be seen in the women's dresses is mainly worn by Chinese and affected Shilla's costume. Therefore the dresses style of the clay figures in Hwagsung-Dong, it is considered it is a dresses style of tight sleeves and slim silhouette together with the adaptation and abolition of foreign elements on the basis of Shilla's own elements like Bukkye hair style and tight sleeve and silhouette. The style of Yonggang-Dong's clay figures expresses spherical gei and common sleeve, loose silhouette of flourishing Tang's costumes planly whereas the style of Hwangsung-Dong's clay costumes expresses refined spirit of the Shilla(Shillaism) though it is extremly simple.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.350-361
• /
• 1996

The objectives of this study mere 1) to investigate whether the different nonwoven fabric types influenced on the objective and subjective wear performances of the experimental pesticide protective pants, 2) to detect whether the different finishes treated to the nonwoven fabrics influenced on the objective and subjective wear performances of the experimental pants, and 3) to detect the relationships between objective wear performances and subjective wear sensation. Three types of nonwoven fabrics (T (Tyvek$\textregistered$), 5 (Sontara$\textregistered$) and K (Kimlon$\textregistered$)) were used as test specimens. By pad-dry.cure method, each of the specimen was treated with fluorocarbon compound for water-oil repellent finish (Tw, Sw, Kw). And each of specimen was treated with organic silicon quarternary ammonium salts and then treated with fluorocabon compound for dual functional finish (76, 50, Kd). Using the three water-oil repellent finished fabrics and the three dual functional finished fabrics, six experimental protective pants (Cl (Tw), C2 (Sw), C3 (Kw), C4 (76), C5 (56), C6 (Kd)) were made according to the same pattern suggested by the Rual Guidance Office. The wear trials of experimental pesticide protective pants were performed in a conditioned vinyl plastic hothouse ($30\pm1^{\circ}C$, $70\pm5%$R.H., 0.25m/sec air velocity). The measurements of skin temperature, microclimate temperature and humidity on the subjects were obtained by the themohygromenter. The subjective wear sensations were measured using previously developed thermal, humidity and overall comfort scales. The results obtained from this study were as follows: 1) There were siginificant differences among nonwoven fabric types on the objective and subjective wear performances, therefore, the skin temperature, microclimate temperature and humidity of subjects who wore the experimental pants made with Sontara were siginificantly lower than those who wore the others. And, the experimental pants made with Sontara were assessed as more comfortable than the others in terms of the subjective thermal, humidity and overall wear sensations. 2) There were no significant differences between two finish types on the objective and subjective wear Performances. 3) The microclimate humidity on the thigh was highly correlated with the overall subjective comfort sensations and the next highly correlated one was the mean skin temperature. That is, the higher the microclimate humidity and the mean skin temperature, the higher the overall subjective comfort sensation ratings which mean the overall subjective sensation was very uncomfortable.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.58-62
• /
• 1989

Free amino acids in water-extracts and total amino acids in hydrolysates of three cultivated mushrooms, Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinus edodes were analyzed by amino acid analyzer to know the compositional differences depending on species and portions (pileus and stipe). Eighteen amino acids were identified and quantified. The total nitrogen and protein nitrogen contents were in the range of 1.67-6.24% and 0.88-2.42% (dry basis), respectively. The considerable differences were often found among species and portions of mushrooms. All of them were found to be higher in the pileus part. The free amino acids conents in water-extracts were in the range of 10.04-37.85mg/g(dry weight) and the total amino acids contents in hydrolysates were in the range of 53.37-120.15mg/g(dry weight). Glutamic acid, serine, histidine, and alanine were dominent in the free amino acids pool and glutamic, aspartic acid, histidine, and alanine were in the total amino acids pool.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.213-218
• /
• 1991

Addition of salts or their mixtures and microwave heating were studies for their effects on Kakdugi fermentation. The Kakdugi, a Korean fermented Chinese radish, were prepared by salting in 15% NaCl solution and fermented at $25^{\circ}C$. From the results, a first order reaction relationship was found between salt permeated into the radish and time during brining in $5{\sim}10%$ NaCl solution. Addition of 0.05M KCl into 15% NaCl brining solution or microwave heating of salted radish for 3 minutes showed a little decreasing effect on Kakdugi fermentation rate while beating for 1 or 2 minuted resulted a rather increase. When three different salt mixtures in the concentration range of $0.001{\sim}0.01\;M$ were added into half fermented Kakdugi(appr. pH 4.4), the fermentation was greatly controlled based on pH change. Among the salt mixtures, mixture III$(Na_2HPO_4,\;Na_2PO_4,\;NaNO_2,\;Ca\;EDTA,\;Sod.\;citrate)$ showed a most significant effect where the time required to reach pH 4.0 after addition was extended by more than 6 folds when it was compared to the control method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.169-174
• /
• 1984

For the purpose of investigating whether the administration of sunflower pollen load has any influence upon liver cholesterol metabolism in mouse, lipids were isolated from sunflower pollen load, identified and quantitated by thin-layer and gas liquid chromatographies. We also studied changes in liver cholesterol level in mouse according to the amount and the period of pollen load administration. Lipids of sunflower pollen load were constituted 84.10f of neutral lipid, 10.50% of glycolipid and 5.40% of phospholipid. The main fatty acid contents of neutral lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid were ranged 28.48 to 33.70% of linoleic acid, 12.90 to 47.50% of palmitic acid ana 11.20 to 12.20% of oleic acid, however, phospholipid contained more palmitic acid than the other lipids. The body weight of the Pollen fed mouse significantly increased during experimental Period in comparison with control group. From the fact tat the ratio of liver weight to body weight of pollen fed mouse was smaller than that of control group, it was proved that liver lipid metabolism of pollen fed mouse was more active than that of control group. During early experimental period, liver cholesterol level had been increased according to pollen load administration(P.O), and then the level decreased rapidly to the similar level to that of control group at the end of the period.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.325-334
• /
• 2014

The effects of aloe on liver function and lipid metabolic disorders induced by alcohol consumption were studied in rats using aloe power (0.25%, 0.5%, 1%) and 10% ethanol. 35 Sprague-Dawley (male, 4 weeks old) rats were divided into five groups and fed experimental diets for six weeks. Body weights of rats tended to be lower in all alcohol supplemented groups than in the control. Food intakes and dry feces per day were significantly lower in all alcohol supplemented groups than in the control. Atherogenic indices (AI) were highest in the alcohol group and decreased in proportion with aloe amount. Serum triglyceride level was significantly higher in the alcohol group than in the control, but tended to be lower in the aloe supplemented groups. In relation to liver function, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities tended to be higher in the alcohol groups than in the control, but lower in the aloe groups, especially in the alcohol+0.5% AO group. The levels of liver cholesterol were significantly lower in the alcohol group than in the control and aloe supplemented groups. In the histochemical evaluation, fat droplets appeared extensively on the liver-lobule in the alcohol group, whereas they decreased slightly in the alcohol+0.25% AO group and apparently disappeared in the alcohol +0.5% AO. On the other hand, fat droplets appeared again on the liver-lobule in the alcohol+1% AO group, but were reduced compared with the alcohol group. Regarding the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue triglycerides, the level of linoleic acid (18:2) was significantly higher in the aloe supplemented group. Regarding the fatty acid composition of liver phosphatidylcholine (PC), the level of linoleic acid was higher in the alcohol group and alcohol+1% AO group than the other groups. In contrast, the level of arachidonic acid was significantly lower in the alcohol group. As a result, arachidonic / linoleic acid ratios were significantly lower in the alcohol group compared to the control group, whereas the ratios of the aloe supplemented groups were similar to that of the control group. Therefore, aloe had some beneficial effects on lipid metabolic disorders induced by alcohol and affected desaturation of fatty acids.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.243-248
• /
• 1986

This study was examined the contents of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, total nitrogen (total N) and free amino acid in shank bone stock as results of boiling for eight, twelve, sixteen and twenty hours. The results were as follows. 1) Contents of calium, sodium and potassium were increased according to boiling time, Content of calcium was more than two times after boiling for twenty hours as compared with eight hours. The contents of potassium and sodium were increased slightly but that of magnesium was constant in the course of boiling. The content of phosphorus was showed maximum value after toiling for eight hours and was decreased after boiling for twelve hours. 2) The content of total N was increased according to boiling time and showed moximum value after boiling for twenty hours. Total N was extracted more than two times after boiling for twenty hours as compared with eight hours. The content of free amino acid was little at various boiling time. The contents of glycine, glutamic acid and serine were increased according to boiling time. Glycine was the most abundant free amino acid and was followed in order of glutamic acid. alanine and serine.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.279-288
• /
• 2017

Objectives: Recommended Menu (RM) prepared according to the Target Pattern expected to meet the dietary reference intake (DRI) of nutrients. Nutritional adequacy of RM in 'DRI for Koreans 2015' were analyzed to verify whether such expectation was fulfilled. Methods: Dishes in RM are categorized by 5 food groups, and number and types of dishes for main meal and between-meals were analyzed. The energy and 12 nutrients (protein, dietary fiber, Ca, P, Fe, Na, K, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin C) contents in 10 RMs were calculated using the food composition table (CD) in 'DRI for Koreans'. Energy, energy contribution ratio, and nutrient contents in 10 RMs for 18 age groups were evaluated based on the 'DRI for Koreans 2015'. Results: Number of dishes per meal were 4.83, and representative table setting consisted of cooked rice + soup (or stew) +3 side dishes. Energy contents of RM were 75~109% of estimated energy requirement (EER). None of the RM met the DRI of all 12 nutrients examined. Calcium was the most insufficient nutrient. Only 1-2 years' RM met the DRI, all the other RMs did not meet the calcium DRI. Dietary fiber and potassium contents were also insufficient in most RM. In adult male's RM, only 1 nutrient, i.e. calcium did not meet the DRI, but in female adult's RM, 5~6 nutrients did not meet the DRI. Energy contribution ratio of carbohydrate, protein, and fat in RM were 59.0~70.4%, 15.7~17.5%, 12.1~23.5%, respectively. And 4 RMs out of 10 exceeded the upper limit of acceptable macro-nutrient distribution range (AMDR) of carbohydrate and 3 RMs out of 10 RM were below the lower limit of fat AMDR. Contribution ratio of nutrients were ${\geq}40%$ by food groups were as follows: grain group in energy and carbohydrate; meat fish egg legume group in fat, protein, and niacin; vegetables group in dietary fiber, vitamin A, and vitamin C; milk dairy products group in calcium. Conclusions: RM prepared according to the Target Pattern did not meet nutritional adequacy as expected. Especially calcium, potassium, and dietary fiber contents are needed to be increased in many RMs. Further, energy content in RM needs to be adjusted for fat sugar food group assigned in Target Pattern and condiment.