• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.446-452
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• 2018

To improve the accuracy and safety of irradiation tests in High flux Advanced Neutron Application ReactOr (HANARO), the nuclear energy deposition rate, which is called nuclear heating, was estimated for an irradiation capsule with an iridium sample in the irradiation hole in order. The gamma rays emitted from the radioisotopes (RIs) of the structural materials such as flow tubes of fuel assemblies and heavy water reflector tank were considered as radiation source. Using the ORIGEN2.1 code, emission rates of delayed gamma rays were calculated in consideration of the activation procedure for 8 years and 2 months of HANARO operation. Calculated emission rates were used as a source term of delayed gamma rays in the MCNP6 code. By using the MCNP code, the nuclear heating rates of the irradiation capsules in the inner core, outer core, and heavy water reflector tank were estimated. Calculated nuclear heating in the inner core, outer core, and heavy water reflector tank were 200-260 mW, 80-100 mW, and 10 mW, respectively.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 1991

A knowledge of the resdual stress distribution at circumferential weldments can normally increase the accuracy of a fracture assessment in pipe line. In this paper, we present the measurements about the residual stress distributions at three kinds of circumferential butt welded pipes using the holl drilling strain gage method. By this experiment, we have obtined the following characteristics. At the inner surface of the pipe region near the center line of welding is under high tensile residual stress. However, as the distance from the center line of welding increases, the tensile component decreases and finally becomes compressive residual stress at region far away from the center line of welding. The longitudinal residual stress at the outer surface is compressive regardless of the diameter of pipe and the circumferential stress is changed from compressive to tensile as pipe diameter increases. The results also demonstrate that the residual stress is mainly caused by self-restraint bending force in the pipe welding.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.449-460
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• 2022

Safe underground construction in a rock mass requires adequate ground investigation and effective determination of rock conditions. The estimation of rock mass behavior is difficult, because rock masses are innately anisotropic and heterogeneous at different scales and are affected by various environmental factors. Quantitative rock mass classification systems, such as the Q-system and rock mass rating, are widely used for characterization and engineering design. The measurement of rock classification parameters is subjective and can vary among observers, resulting in questionable accuracy. Geophysical investigation methods, such as seismic surveys, have also been used for ground characterization. Torsional shear wave propagation characteristics in cylindrical rods are equal to that in an infinite media. A probabilistic quantitative relationship between the Q-value and shear wave velocity is thus investigated considering long-wavelength wave propagation in equivalent continuum jointed rock masses. Individual Q-system parameters are correlated with stress-dependent shear wave velocities in jointed rocks using experimental and numerical methods. The relationship between the Q-value and the shear wave velocity is normalized using a defined reference condition. This relationship is further improved using probabilistic analysis to remove unrealistic data and to suggest a range of Q-values for a given wave velocity. The proposed probabilistic Q-value estimation is then compared with field measurements and cross-hole seismic test data to verify its applicability.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.1708-1717
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• 2023

The grade analysis of lead-zinc ore is the basis for the optimal development and utilization of deposits. In this study, a method combining Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA) technology and machine learning is proposed for lead-zinc mine borehole logging, which can identify lead-zinc ores of different grades and gangue in the formation, providing real-time grade information qualitatively and semi-quantitatively. Firstly, Monte Carlo simulation is used to obtain a gamma-ray spectrum data set for training and testing machine learning classification algorithms. These spectra are broadened, normalized and separated into inelastic scattering and capture spectra, and then used to fit different classifier models. When the comprehensive grade boundary of high- and low-grade ores is set to 5%, the evaluation metrics calculated by the 5-fold cross-validation show that the SVM (Support Vector Machine), KNN (K-Nearest Neighbor), GNB (Gaussian Naive Bayes) and RF (Random Forest) models can effectively distinguish lead-zinc ore from gangue. At the same time, the GNB model has achieved the optimal accuracy of 91.45% when identifying high- and low-grade ores, and the F₁ score for both types of ores is greater than 0.9.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.54-61
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• 1999

광범위한 반월상 연골 손상에 대한 최근의 치료는 수많은 연구와 임상적 접근을 통해 정상적인 반월상 연골의 기능을 회복하기에 이르렀다. 냉동 보관된 반월상 연골의 동종이식은 연골의 정상적인 회복을 위한 유용한 방법중 하나이다. 저자들의 첫 4례의 동종연골이식은 관절경의 도움으로 시행하였고, 이후 22 예에서는 최소한의 관절 절개를 이용하였다. 또한 모든 동종 연골 이식에서 반월상 연골의 안정성과 회복을 위해 반월상 연골에 골교를 부착하여 고정하였다. 전방 십자 인대 재건술은 반월상 연골 동종이식술시 동시에 시행하였다. 내측 반월상 연골은 일명 Key-hole technique을 사용하여 골터널에 의한 관절 연골의 침습을 최소화하려 하였다. 우선 반월상 연골의 골교를 원통형으로 만들고 수혜자의 슬관절의 전방 십자 인대의 내측연을 따라 골 터널을 만들어 반월상 연골의 골교를 press-fit하도록 한다. 삽입된 반월상 연골은 일반적인 반월상 연골 봉합술로 관절경을 이용하여 봉합한다. 외측 반월상 연골은 내측 반월상 연골과는 달리 반월상 연골의 골교를 반원통 모앙으로 만들고 수혜자의 슬관절의 전방 십자 인대의 외측연을 따라 반원통 모양의 골 요지를 만든다. 반월상 연골을 골 요지에 얻고 인도 봉합사를 경골의 전면으로 뽑아내 이를 묶음으로써 고정을 한다. 삽입된 반월상 연골은 내측 반월상 연골이식술과 같은 방법으로 봉합한다. 저자들은 이와 같은 방법으로 관절 연골의 침습을 최소화하고 비교적 정확한 위치에 반월상 연골을 이식할 수 있었다.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2006

화약을 이용한 지반굴착은 진동 및 소음 등의 공해가 필연적으로 수반되기 때문에 민원발생 및 주변 구조물에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 특히, 발파작업 구간 부근에 지장물이 위치하게 되는 경우, 발파진동에 대한 안정성 평가는 매우 중요한 항목이 된다 발파진동안정성 평가 시 기존에는 시험발파를 통하여 대상지역의 발파진동식을 추정하고, 거리 및 장약량을 고려한 단순평가법이 많이 사용되어 왔으나, 이는 대상지역의 지형 및 지반조건을 현실적으로 고려하지 못한 방법이다 이를 보완하기 위해 최근에는 대상지역의 지형 및 지반조건을 연속체 또는 불연속체로 모사한 동적수치해석법이 적용되고 있다. 일반적으로 터널이나 비탈면 발파진동 수치해석시에는 다수의 발파공 모델링이 현실적으로 거의 불가능하여, 단일발파공, 특히 심발공에서 추정된 발파압력을 최종 굴착면에서의 등가압력으로 환산하여 발파하중으로 적용하게 된다. 이와 같은 이론적인 계산식이나 경험식에 의해 추정된 발파압력을 이용한 방법은 단일 발파공에서의 폭발압력에 대해 연구된 결과로서, 폭발상태를 이상적인 것으로 가정하고 폭발에너지를 구하게 된다. 따라서, 최종 굴착면에 적용된 등가압력은 지반조건을 고려하지 못하여 동일한 단면 및 발파조건에서는 동일한 발파하중이 산정된다. 즉, 기존의 발파하중 산정법은 대상지역의 지반조건을 고려하지 못하여, 해석결과의 신뢰도를 저하시키는 원인이 된다. 본 사례연구에서는 발파하중 산정 및 해석결과의 신뢰도를 제고하기 위하여, 대상지역의 시험발파시 획득된 실측진동파형을 이용한 발파하중 산정법을 통하여 비탈면 발파굴착시 주변 지장물의 안정성 평가를 수행하였다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1130-1135
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• 2015

The bond pull test is the most widely used technique for the evaluation and control of wire bond quality. The wire being tested is pulled upward until the wire or bond to the die or substrate breaks. The inspector test strength of wire by manually and it takes around 3 minutes to perform the test. In this paper, we develop a 3D vision system to measure 3D position of wire. It gives 3D position data of wire to move a hook into wires. The 3D measurement method to use here is a confocal imaging system. The conventional confocal imaging system is a spot scanning method which has a high resolution and good illumination efficiency. However, a conventional confocal systems has a disadvantage to perform XY axis scanning in order to achieve 3D data in given FOV (Field of View) through spot scanning. We propose a method to improve a parallel mode confocal system using a micro-lens and pin-hole array to remove XY scan. 2D imaging system can detect 2D location of wire and it can reduce time to measure 3D position of wire. In the experimental results, the proposed system can measure 3D position of wire with reasonable accuracy.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.125-133
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• 2010

A versatile micro-robotic platform for micro/nano scale assembly has been demanded in a variety of application areas such as micro-biology and nanotechnology. In the near future, a flexible and compact platform could be effectively used in a scanning electron microscope chamber. We are developing a platform that consists of miniature mobile robots and a compact positioning stage with multi degree-of-freedom. This paper presents the design and the implementation of a low-cost and compact multi degree of freedom position sensor that is capable of measuring absolute translational and rotational displacement. The proposed sensor is implemented by using a CMOS type image sensor and a target with specific hole patterns. Experimental design based on statistics was applied to finding optimal design of the target. Efficient algorithms for image processing and absolute position decoding are discussed. Simple calibration to eliminate the influence of inaccuracy of the fabricated target on the measuring performance also presented. The developed sensor was characterized by using a laser interferometer. It can be concluded that the sensor system has submicron resolution and accuracy of ${\pm}4{\mu}m$ over full travel range. The proposed vision-based sensor is cost-effective and used as a compact feedback device for implementation of a micro robotic platform.

• 천문학회보
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.52.2-52.2
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• 2015

SgrA* located in the center of the Milky Way is of great interest to understand the physics of supermassive black hole(SMBH) and the interaction of the G2 cloud around SgrA* with the accretion flow which was expected since 2013. In order to seize this rare opportunity, KVN and VERA Array (so called, KaVA) has started an intensive monitoring program of SgrA* at 22/43 GHz where scatter broadening is reduced compared to lower frequency VLBI observations. We present the results of KaVA SgrA* observation together with Takahagi (32m) and Yamaguchi (32m) telescopes at 22 GHz on March 24, 2013. We have tested both a standard amplitude calibration methods using the Tsys and antenna gain information and a template amplitude calibration method which uses a peak of H2O maser line of nearby maser source (SgrB2), and found that the latter method is useful when an accuracy of Tsys measurement or antenna gain of a telescope is poor. In our comparison, the difference between the two methods is around 20% (~5% for the KVN and ~15% for the VERA when the elevation is above $20^{\circ}$). We also imaged SgrA* with a total flux of ~0.7 Jy at 22GHz, and fitted an elliptical Gaussian model which has a size of ~2.5mas for major axis and ~1.7mas for minor axis, respectively.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.377-383
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• 2011

This study proposed the new method of discerning the assembled parts and presuming the position of central point in a Cowl Cross Bar (CCB) using a Charge-Couple Device (CCD) camera attached to a robot in the auto assembly line. Three control points of an ellipse were decided by three reference points, which were equally distanced. The radii of these reference points were determined by the size of the object, and the repeated presumption secured the precise determination. The comparison of the central point of ellipse presumed by Randomized Hough Transform (RHT) with the part information stored in a database was used for determining the faulty part in an assembly. The method proposed in this study was applied for the real-time inspection of elliptical parts, such as bolt, nut hole and so on, connected to a CCB using a CCD camera. The findings of this study showed that the precise decision on whether the parts are inferior or not can be made irrespective of the lighting condition of industrial site and the noises of the surface of the part. In addition, the defect decision on the individual elliptic parts assembled in a CCB showed more than 98% accuracy within a 500-millisecond period at most.