• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2019

The incidence of esophagogastric junction (EGJ) cancer has been significantly increasing in Western countries. Appropriate planning for surgical therapy requires a reliable classification of EGJ cancers with respect to their exact location. Clinically, the most accepted classification of EGJ cancers is "adenocarcinoma of the EGJ" (AEG or "Siewert"), which divides tumor center localization into AEG type I (distal esophagus), AEG type II ("true junction"), and AEG type III (subcardial stomach). Treatment strategies in western countries routinely employ perioperative chemotherapy or neoadjuvant chemoradiation for cases of locally advanced cancers. The standard surgical treatment strategies are esophagectomy for AEG type I and gastrectomy for AEG type III cancers. For "true junctional cancers," i.e., AEG type II, whether the extension of resection in the oral or aboral direction represents the most effective surgical therapy remains debatable. This article reviews the history of surgical EGJ cancer treatment and current surgical strategies from a Western perspective.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.489-501
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• 2016

The purpose of this research is to analyze the narratives of elementary school history textbooks of Korea and US. The research problems are as follows. Firstly, what are the form and content of narratives of Korea's elementary school history textbook of Korea and US. Secondly, what are the characteristics of narratives of American elementary school history textbook of Korea and US. The content analysis method was utilized for analyzing narratives of textbooks. Research results are summarized as follows. Firstly, the features of Korea's elementary school history textbook are described. Secondly, the features of American elementary school history textbook are described. Thirdly, the common features and differences between both countries' textbook narratives are analyzed. Lastly, the implications for diversifying the narratives of Korea's elementary school history textbook are recommended.

• 기술사
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2001

The 17th World Cup Event that raises a storm of excitement ever held in the New Millenium will be started with the opening game In Seoul, Korea, on 31st May,'02 and closed with the final match in Yokohama, Japan on 30th June'02 The 2002, FIFA World Cup held In Asian region for the first time in FIFA history is jointly-organized by Korea and Japan. Both Korea and Japan will host each 32 games at the chosen ten local venues in each countries Partierpants from 32 regional countries included host countries Korea and Japan as well as the previous Champion France are scheduled to match one another by tournament method

• 수완나부미
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.149-173
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• 2022

Vaccine nationalism and its implications to vaccine supply were a huge concern globally when COVID-19 vaccines first became available in 2021. At the time, vaccine supply was limited and it was difficult for many countries around the world to get adequate supply of the COVID-19 vaccine to inoculate their people. At its most benign, vaccine nationalism delayed the access of poorer countries to vaccines that are widely considered as the long-term solution to the COVID-19 pandemic. Poorer countries needed to resort to diplomacy to wrangle early access to vaccine supply from vaccine-producing countries like the United States, the United Kingdom and others. In particular, Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte leveraged his country's Visiting Forces Agreement (VFA) with the United States and the need for Filipino nurses by countries like the United Kingdom and Germany to secure early access to COVID-19 vaccines. It all seems trivial now (in 2022) because of better global vaccine supply, but in 2021 when countries scrambled for access to scarce COVID-19 vaccines, Rodrigo Duterte leveraged the Philippines' assets to gain early access to vaccine supply.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.541-551
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• 2018

본 논문은 아프리카 대륙의 식민 역사에 대한 소고이다. 아프리카 대륙은 고대 그리스와 고대 이집트 시기부터 '인류의 고향' 혹은 '따뜻한 지역' 등으로 불리던 인류의 발원지였다. 하지만 강력한 군사력과 경제력을 바탕으로 한 서양 국가들은 15세기부터 아프리카 대륙 곳곳을 유린하며 자신들의 이익을 위해 건장한 남성들을 노예로 잡아갔으며 주요 자원들을 빼앗아갔다. 이러한 불행의 역사는 20세기 중반, 제 2차 세계대전 이후 민족자결주의를 내세운 여러 아프리카 국가들이 독립하면서 표면적으로는 커다란 전환점을 맞이한 것처럼 보인다. 하지만 아프리카 국가들은 국제무대에서 동등한 파트너로 인정받지 못했다. 그들은 독립하기 이전과 마찬가지로 여전히 가난하고 힘없는 대륙일 뿐이었다. 하지만 우리는 21세기 들어서면서 아프리카의 위상이 점차 증가하고 있음에 주목할 필요가 있다. 더 이상 아프리카 대륙을 가난한 지역으로 인식하지 않고 발전 가능성이 매우 높은 새로운 시장이라고 인식되기 시작한 것이다. 본 논문은 이러한 인식 변화에 주목하면서 전통적으로 우호 관계를 유지하고 있던 프랑스를 비롯한 유럽 열강들의 전통적 식민 지배 역사를 살펴보는 것을 시작으로 최근 새로운 시장으로 인식하며 아프리카의 환심을 사고 자국의 영향력을 증대시키고 있는 중국의 새로운 형태의 접근 방식을 살펴볼 것이다. 이를 통해 우리는 새로운 기회의 땅으로 등장한 아프리카 대륙의 현실을 보다 냉철히 인식할 수 있을 것이다.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.74-85
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• 2017

This paper aims to compare the language of food related to rice and wheat in Korean, Chinese and Japanese. These three countries in East Asia are very close in terms of geography, history, and culture. As of language, Korean and Japanese are classified as a same language family, while Chinese, to another. However, since three countries have been sharing Chinese character and words composed of it, there are many alike things in their languages. It is natural that food and the language of food are shared in neighboring areas. Among many food, I will explain the names of rice and wheat and the details of the names of various food made of them. In particular, rather than a simple comparison, the language of food is analyzed in the viewpoint of migration. And I will look into the names of food not only in relation to language, but also in culture, society and history.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제20권
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• pp.455-470
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• 1993

In recent years, the intellectual property rights (IPR) are increasingly becoming trade goods and the subject of international trade negotiations. During the past decades, intellectual properties earned critical importance for economic development in both developed and developing countries. Developed countries, headed by the United States, that recognize the economic value of the IPR in the world market are aggressively seeking for universal protection of IPR throughout the world. Intellectual properties have unique qualities that distinguish them from other tangible goods. Most importantly, they are public goods created on the basis of knowledge and information accumulated throughout human history and shared by different cultures. However, there is a growing tendency that the quality of public goods are being etched away as the property concept in IPR expands. In this paper, I discuss how copyright and patent laws incorporated the concept of property right as natural right to one's intellectual creations in early formation of the laws in Europe. I argue that copyright law and patent law are the historical products resulting from political, economic, and ideological factors interacting in a certain society. A history of copyright and patent points to that the intellectual property rights as natural lights of authors and inventors as argued by developed countries in international disputes, are not universal, but unique historical products. Copyright and patent laws have been shaped and developed as regulatory measures by governments to promote and control industries by providing authors and inventors with monopoly incentives. Since property right was used as a regulatory device it was restricted. This is to enhance the distribution of knowledge and information rather than to ensure the property right as an absolute right.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 1998년도 International Housing Conference
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• pp.91-94
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• 1998

Preparing food is a universal activity of families and households around the world. The kitchen is the site of these activities and is often considered the center of the home. This symposium examines housing and kitchens in Eastern and Western countries through an exploration of cultural history and lifestyles throughout the centuries. Korea and the United States were selected as the original countries for comparison and study. China and Japan were included to provide a more comprehensive Oriental perspective, while England and Italy were included to expand on the European heritage prevalent in the history of the United States.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2006

Korea is closed to China in the geographical position and is related to China as two countries have developed similar culture, art, and social systems. Architecture is a kind of culture and has advanced in the wooden architecture with a considerable change. The study investigated a phylogenetic relationship between two countries based on characteristics of architectural universality. With comparison and analysis on the common feature and difference of the beam and structure in the wooden architecture from the Koryo and Zhejiang Province(China), the systemicity of the wooden architecture was examined. The beam is a part of timber which is consist of the wooden structure frame and also a crucial subject to understand a development process of the wooden architecture.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.122-129
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• 2007

During the last decade, genomic cohort study has been developed in many countries by linking health data and genetic data in stored samples. Genomic cohort study is expected to find key genetic components that contribute to common diseases, thereby promising great advance in genome medicine. While many countries endeavor to build biobank systems, biobank-based genome research has raised important ethical concerns including genetic privacy, confidentiality, discrimination, and informed consent. Informed consent for biobank poses an important question: whether true informed consent is possible in population-based genomic cohort research where the nature of future studies is unforeseeable when consent is obtained. Due to the sensitive character of genetic information, protecting privacy and keeping confidentiality become important topics. To minimize ethical problems and achieve scientific goals to its maximum degree, each country strives to build population-based genomic cohort research project, by organizing public consultation, trying public and expert consensus in research, and providing safeguards to protect privacy and confidentiality.