• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.31.1-31.8
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• 2023

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy. It is widely believed that genetic factors play a significant role in the development of MM, as investigated in numerous studies. However, the application of genomic information for clinical purposes, including diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, remains largely confined to research. In this study, we utilized genetic information from the Genomic-Driven Clinical Implementation for Multiple Myeloma database, which is dedicated to clinical trial studies on MM. This genetic information was sourced from the genome-wide association studies catalog database. We prioritized genes with the potential to cause MM based on established annotations, as well as biological risk genes for MM, as potential drug target candidates. The DrugBank database was employed to identify drug candidates targeting these genes. Our research led to the discovery of 14 MM biological risk genes and the identification of 10 drugs that target three of these genes. Notably, only one of these 10 drugs, panobinostat, has been approved for use in MM. The two most promising genes, calcium signal-modulating cyclophilin ligand (CAMLG) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), were targeted by four drugs (cyclosporine, belinostat, vorinostat, and romidepsin), all of which have clinical evidence supporting their use in the treatment of MM. Interestingly, five of the 10 drugs have been approved for other indications than MM, but they may also be effective in treating MM. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the genomic variants involved in the pathogenesis of MM and highlight the potential benefits of these genomic variants in drug discovery.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1002-1009
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• 2019

생애 초기 유해 경험은 우울증의 위험성을 높이며, 성인기 스트레스의 민감성에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 출생 후 모성 분리(MS)로 인한 성인기 스트레스(장기간 예측 불가능한 스트레스; CUS)의 취약성에 p11 유전자의 후성유전기전이 영향을 미치는 지를 확인하였다. 출생 직후부터 21일 동안 하루 3시간 동안 새끼 생쥐를 어미 생쥐로부터 분리시켜 새끼 생쥐가 성체가 되었을 때 CUS를 3주 동안 매일 적용하였다. Real time PCR기법으로 해마의 p11 발현 양을 측정하였고, 염색질 면역 침전 분석법으로 p11 promoter의 히스톤 H3 아세틸화 및 메틸화 양을 측정하였다. 강제수영검사에서 우울 유사 행동을 측정하였다. MS군 및 CUS군은 p11 mRNA 발현 양을 유의하게 감소시켰으며, MS+CUS군은 CUS군에 비해 p11 발현 양을 유의하게 증가시켰다. 또한 MS+CUS군은 CUS군에 비해 H3 아세틸화를 감소시켰다. 이러한 감소는 HDAC5 mRNA 발현 증가와 일치하였다. MS+CUS군은 CUS군에 비해 H3K4 메틸화를 감소시켰으며, H3K27 메틸화를 증가시켰다. 강제수영검사에서 p11 발현이 가장 많이 감소된 MS+CUS군이 대조군에 비해 더 긴 부동 시간을 나타내었다. 출생 후 모성 분리를 경험하고 성체 기간에 스트레스를 함께 받은 생쥐는 성체기간에만 스트레스를 받은 생쥐보다 훨씬 더 큰 후성유전 변화를 보여주었다. 생애 초기 유해 경험은 해마에서 p11 유전자의 히스톤 변형을 통해 성체 스트레스 효과를 더 악화시키는 것으로 생각된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.465-484
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• 2004

배 경 : 인슐린 양 성장 인자(IGF) 결합 단백질-3(IGFBP-3)은 IGF와 결합하여 IGF의 세포 분열 촉진 및 항세포 고사 기전을 억제할 뿐 아니라 IGF와는 독립적으로 세포고사를 유도함으로써 비소세포성 폐암 세포주의 성장을 억제한다. 방 법 : 본 연구에서 저자들은 IGFBP-3 promoter의 hyper-methylation이 IGFBP-3 단백 발현에 어떠한 역할을 하는가를 연구하였다. 또한 비소세포성 폐암 세포주에서 methylation된 IGFBP-3 promoter에서 유전자 발현을 억제하는 기전을 연구하였다. 결 과 : 본 연구에 사용된 15 종의 비소세포성 폐암 세포주 중 7종 (46.7%)에서 IGFBP-3 promoter의 methylation 이 관찰되었으며, 23명의 I기 환자 검체 중 16 (69.7%), 9명의 II기 환자 검체중 7 (77.8%), 5명의 IIIA 환자 검체중 4 (80%), 6명의 IIIB 환자 검체중 4 (66.7 %), 그리고 6 명의 IV기 환자검체중 6명 모두에서 (100%) promoter 의 methylation 이 관찰되었다. 이 비소세포성 폐암 세포주에서 promoter methylation 상태는 IGFBP-3 단백 및 mRNA 발현양상과 잘 일치하였으며, IGFBP-3의 발현이 억제되었던 비소세포성 폐암 세포주들 중 일부의 세포에서 demethylating 약제인 5'-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5'-aza-dC) 처리 후 그 발현이 회복되었다. IGFBP-3 promoter 활성도에 중요한 역할을 하는 Sp-1/Sp-3 결합 요소는 IGFBP-3 단백 발현이 억제된 비소세포성 폐암 세포주에서 methylation되어 있었으며, 이 요소의 methylation 은 Sp-1 전사 인자의 결합을 억제하였다. ChIP assay 결과에서 IGFBP-3 promoter의 methylation 상태는 Sp-1/Sp-3 결합 요소에 Sp-1, methyl-CpG binding protein-2 (MeCP2), 그리고 histone deacetylase (HDAC)의 결합에 영향을 주며, 이는 5'-aza-dC 처리에 의하여 역전 되었다. Sp-1/Sp-3 결합 요소를 포함하고 있는 IGFBP-3 promoter의 in vitro methylation은 promoter activity를 현저히 감소시켰으며 이는 MeCP2 단백을 동시에 발현 시켰을 때 더욱 억제되며 5'-aza-dC 처리시 회복되었다. 결 론 : 이러한 결과들은 IGFBP-3 promoter의 methylation이 IGFBP-3 발현을 억제하는 하나의 기전이며, HDAC의 모집을 유도함으로서 MeCP2가 IGFBP-3 발현 억제에 중요한 역할을 함을 보이는 것이다. 이런 현상은 비소세포성 폐암에서 진단 당시의 진행된 병기와도 관계가 있어 IGFBP-3 promoter의 methylation 상태가 비소세포성 폐암의 발암 기전 및 진행에 중요한 역할을 하고 있음을 보이고 있으며, 나아가 조기 진단 및 암 예방영역에서 하나의 생물학적 지표로도 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.73-73
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• 2018

Bacterial leaf blight(BLB), caused by X. oryzae pv. oryzae(Xoo), is one of the most destructive diseases of rice due to its high epidemic potential. Understanding BLB resistance at a genetic level is important to further improve the rice breeding that provides one of the best approaches to control BLB disease. In the present investigation, a collection of 192 accessions was used in the genome-wide association study (GWAS) for BLB resistance loci against four Korean races of Xoo that were represented by the prevailing BLB isolates under Xoo differential system. A total of 192 accessions of rice germplasm were selected on the basis of the bioassay using four isolated races of Xoo such as K1, K2, K3 and K3a. The selected accessions was used to prepare 384-plex genotyping by sequencing (GBS) libraries and Illumina HiSeq 2000 paired- end read was used for GBS sequencing. GWAS was conducted using T ASSEL 5.0. The T ASSEL program uses a mixed linear model (MLM). T he results of the bioassay using a selected set of 192 accessions showed that a large number of accessions (93.75%) were resistant to K1 race, while the least number of accessions (34.37%) resisted K3a race. For races K2 and K3, the resistant germplasm proportion remained between 66.67 to 70.83%. T he genotypic data produced SNP matrix for a total of 293,379 SNPs. After imputation the missing data was removed, which exhibited 34,724 SNPs for association analysis. GWAS results showed strong signals of association at a threshold of [-log10(P-value)] more than5 (K1 and K2) and more than4 (K3 and K3a) for nine of the 39 SNPs, which are plausible candidate loci of resistance genes. T hese SNP loci were positioned on rice chromosome 2, 9, and 11 for K1 and K2 races, whereas on chromosome 4, 6, 11, and 12 for K3 and K3a races. The significant loci detected have also been illustrated, NBS-LRR type disease resistance protein, SNARE domain containing protein, Histone deacetylase 19, NADP-dependent oxidoreductase, and other expressed and unknown proteins. Our results provide a better understanding of the distribution of genetic variation of BLB resistance to Korean pathogen races and breeding of resistant rice.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권18호
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• pp.7849-7855
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• 2014

Purpose: To investigate the effect of deacetylase inhibitory trichostatin A (TSA) on anti HepG2 liver carcinoma cells and explore the underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: HepG2 cells exposed to different concentrations of TSA for 24, 48, or 72h were examined for cell growth inhibition using CCK8, changes in cell cycle distribution with flow cytometry, cell apoptosis with annexin V-FTIC/PI double staining, and cell morphology changes under an inverted microscope. Expression of ${\beta}$-catenin, HDAC1, HDAC3, H3K9, CyclinD1 and Bax proteins was tested by Western blotting. Gene expression for ${\beta}$-catenin, HDAC1and HDAC3 was tested by q-PCR. ${\beta}$-catenin and H3K9 proteins were also tested by immunofluorescence. Activity of Renilla luciferase (pTCF/LEF-luc) was assessed using the Luciferase Reporter Assay system reagent. The activity of total HDACs was detected with a HDACs colorimetric kit. Results: Exposure to TSA caused significant dose-and time-dependent inhibition of HepG2 cell proliferation (p<0.05) and resulted in increased cell percentages in G0/G1 and G2/M phases and decrease in the S phase. The apoptotic index in the control group was $6.22{\pm}0.25%$, which increased to $7.17{\pm}0.20%$ and $18.1{\pm}0.42%$ in the treatment group. Exposure to 250 and 500nmol/L TSA also caused cell morphology changes with numerous floating cells. Expression of ${\beta}$-catenin, H3K9and Bax proteins was significantly increased, expression levels of CyclinD1, HDAC1, HDAC3 were decreased. Expression of ${\beta}$-catenin at the genetic level was significantly increased, with no significant difference in HDAC1and HDAC3 genes. In the cytoplasm, expression of ${\beta}$-catenin fluorescence protein was not obvious changed and in the nucleus, small amounts of green fluorescence were observed. H3K9 fluorescence protein were increased. Expression levels of the transcription factor TCF werealso increased in HepG2 cells following induction by TSA, whikle the activity of total HDACs was decreased. Conclusions: TSA inhibits HDAC activity, promotes histone acetylation, and activates Wnt/${\beta}$-catenin signaling to inhibit proliferation of HepG2 cell, arrest cell cycling and induce apoptosis.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.607-616
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• 2018

The effect of melatonin on juveniles with cardio fibrosis is poorly understood. We investigated whether HDACs participate in the anti-fibrotic processes regulated by melatonin during hypertrophic remodeling. Abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) was employed in juvenile rats resulting in pressure overload-induced ventricular hypertrophy and melatonin was subsequently decreased via continuous light exposure for 5 weeks after surgery. AAC rats displayed an increased cross-sectional area of myocardial fibers and significantly elevated collagen deposition compared to sham-operated rats, as measured by HE and Masson Trichrome staining. Continuous light exposure following surgery exacerbated the increase in the cross-sectional area of myocardial fibers. The expression of HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC4 and HDAC6 genes were all significantly enhanced in AAC rats with light exposure relative to the other rats. Moreover, the protein level of $TNF-{\alpha}$ was also upregulated in the AAC light exposure groups when compared with the sham. However, Smad4 protein expression was unchanged in the juveniles' hearts. In contrast, beginning 5 weeks after the operation, the AAC rats were treated with melatonin (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection every evening) or vehicle 4 weeks, and sham rats were given vehicle. The changes in the histological measures of cardio fibrosis and the gene expressions of HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC4 and HDAC6 were attenuated by melatonin administration. The results reveal that melatonin plays a role in the development of cardio fibrosis and the expression of HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC4 and HDAC6 in cardiomyocytes.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.552-560
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 인체백혈병세포 U937에서 HDAC 저해제에 의한 증식억제, 세포주기 교란 및 apoptosis 유도에 미치는 Bcl-2 유전자의 영향에 관하여 조사하였다. 이를 위하여 U937/vector 및 U937/Bcl-2 세포주를 대상으로 대표적인 HDAC 저해제인 TSA 및 Na-B 처리에 의한 세포 증식 및 생존율에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, TSA에 의한 U937 세포의 증식억제 및 생존율의 감소는 Bcl-2의 과발현에 의하여 차단되는 효과를 보였으나, Na-B는 U937/vector 및 U937/Bcl-2세포사이에 큰 변화를 보이지는 않았다. 세포주기 교란효과에서 Na-B는 TSA에 비하여 유의적인 차이를 보이지 못하였으며, 이는 TSA에 의한 apoptosis가 U937/Bcl-2 세포에서는 억제되었으나, Na-B에 의한 apoptosis는 Bcl-2의 과발현에 의하여 차단되지 못한 것과 연관성이 있는 결과였다. 또한 TSA에 의한 apoptosis 유발의 Bcl-2에 의한 차단 효과는 TSA에 의하여 활성화된 caspase의 활성 억제, Bcl-2 발현 자체의 완화 등 apoptosis 조절 인자들의 발현 및 활성 변화에 기인 된 것임을 알 수 있었다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.146-159
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• 2021

DNA methylation, and consequent down-regulation, of tumour suppressor genes occurs in response to epigenetic stimuli during cancer development. Similarly, human oncoviruses, including human papillomavirus (HPV), up-regulate and augment DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activities, thereby decreasing tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) expression. Ubiquitin-like containing PHD and RING finger domain 1 (UHRF1), an epigenetic regulator of DNA methylation, is overexpressed in HPV-induced cervical cancers. Here, we investigated the role of UHRF1 in cervical cancer by knocking down its expression in HeLa cells using lentiviral-encoded short hairpin (sh)RNA and performing cDNA microarrays. We detected significantly elevated expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), a known TSG, in UHRF1-knockdown cells, and this gene is hypermethylated in cervical cancer tissue and cell lines, as indicated by whole-genome methylation analysis. Up-regulation of UHRF1 and decreased TXNIP were further detected in cervical cancer by western blot and immunohistochemistry and confirmed by Oncomine database analysis. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we identified the inverted CCAAT domain-containing UHRF1-binding site in the TXNIP promoter and demonstrated UHRF1 knockdown decreases UHRF1 promoter binding and enhances TXNIP expression through demethylation of this region. TXNIP promoter CpG methylation was further confirmed in cervical cancer tissue by pyrosequencing and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. Critically, down-regulation of UHRF1 by siRNA or UHRF1 antagonist (thymoquinone) induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7), which stabilises and promotes UHRF1 function, is increased by HPV viral protein E6/E7 overexpression. These results indicate HPV might induce carcinogenesis through UHRF1-mediated TXNIP promoter methylation, thus suggesting a possible link between CpG methylation and cervical cancer.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2023

Sirtuins (SIRTs) belong to the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent class III histone deacetylase family. They are key regulators of cellular and physiological processes, such as cell survival, senescence, differentiation, DNA damage and stress response, cellular metabolism, and aging. SIRTs also influence carcinogenesis, making them potential targets for anticancer therapeutic strategies. In this study, we investigated the anticancer properties and underlying molecular mechanisms of a novel SIRT1 inhibitor, MHY2251, in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. MHY2251 reduced the viability of various human CRC cell lines, especially those with wild-type TP53. MHY2251 inhibited SIRT1 activity and SIRT1/2 protein expression, while promoting p53 acetylation, which is a target of SIRT1 in HCT116 cells. MHY2251 treatment triggered apoptosis in HCT116 cells. It increased the percentage of late apoptotic cells and the sub-G1 fraction (as detected by flow cytometric analysis) and induced DNA fragmentation. In addition, MHY2251 upregulated the expression of FasL and Fas, altered the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, downregulated the levels of pro-caspase-8, -9, and -3 proteins, and induced subsequent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. The induction of apoptosis by MHY2251 was related to the activation of the caspase cascade, which was significantly attenuated by pre-treatment with Z-VAD-FMK, a pan-caspase inhibitor. Furthermore, MHY2251 stimulated the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and MHY2251-triggered apoptosis was blocked by pre-treatment with SP600125, a JNK inhibitor. This finding indicated the specific involvement of JNK in MHY2251-induced apoptosis. MHY2251 shows considerable potential as a therapeutic agent for targeting human CRC via the inhibition of SIRT1 and activation of JNK/p53 pathway.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.1314-1320
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• 2009

히스톤 디아세틸라이제 저해제(HDACI)는 최근에 새로운 미래형 항암제로 주목을 받고 있으며 다른 항암요법 및 치료제와의 병용치료에도 효과적으로 적용될 수 있을 것으로 기대하고 있다. HDACI은 다양한 조직기원의 암세포에서 증식억제 및 세포사멸 유도능이 시험되어 왔으나 비소세포폐암 세포에서 그 작용 및 기전이 명확히 조사된 바가 없다. 본 연구는 HDACI 중의 하나인 sodium butyrate (SB)를 비소세포폐암 세포주인 H460에 처리하여 세포생존율, 세포주기 분석, 세포사멸도를 평가하고, 이와 관련하여 세포사멸 관련 단백질, p53, ERK의 변화를 조사하고자 하였다. 3가지 다른 농도(2.5, 7.5, 20 mM)의 SB에 H460 세포가 48시간 노출되었을 때, 세포 생존율은 농도의존적으로 감소되었으나 7.5 mM 이상의 농도에서 대조군에 비해 유의한 생존을 감소를 보였고, 20 mM에서 생존을 50% 전후를 나타냈다. SB노출은 H460 세포의 사멸을 유발하였는데, 세포사의 유형은 아포토시스와 괴사가 동시에 발생함이 Annexin-V 분석으로 확인되었다. H460 세포에서 SB에 의해 유발되는 뚜렷한 세포주기의 변화양상은 G2/M기정지였으며, 이러한 세포주기의 지연현상으로 세포사멸이 초래되는 것으로 생각된다. SB처리는 아포토시스 발생관련 효소인 caspase-3과 caspase-7의 활성화를 유발하였으며, 이에 의한 PARP 단백 질의 분절화도 관찰되었다. 동시에, 항세포사별 단백질인 XIAP의 단백질 함량은 감소함을 보였다. SB 노출에 의한 세포주기의 G2/M기의 정지현상과 관련하여는 p53 단백질의 증가가 주목할 만한 하였다. SB의 H460세포에의 처리는 일반 ERK단백질의 함량 변화를 유도하지 않았으나, 인산화형의 ERK는 SB처리농도에 의존적으로 그 단백질 함량이 감소하였다. 이는 ERK가 비소세포폐암 세포인 H460에서 세포생존 및 유지와 관련된 단백질의 인산화에 계속적으로 관여하고 있다는 사실을 암시한다. 즉, SB의 처리는 ERK의 인산화를 유의하게 억제하는 기전과 관련이 있을 가능성이 높다고 추측된다. 향후 SB의 노출에 의한 PERK 감소 기전에 대한 연구가 추가적으로 진행되면 SB의 더욱 효율적인 암세포 사멸 유도 전략수립에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이라 예상된다.