• 대한한의학방제학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.85-98
• /
• 2009

The fruits of Schisandra chinensis and Prunus mume have been traditionally used in the Oriental countries as an astringent against diarrhea and abdominal pain, a protectant for liver disease, an antimicrobial, and a blood tonic. However, little is known about the extract of Schizandrae Fructus and Mume Fructus (SMF-Ex) on dextran-sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of SMF-Ex on DSS-induced colitis in mice. An experimental colitis was induced by daily treatment with 5% DSS. SMF-Ex was orally administrated the single dose (80 mg/kg, body weight/day) for 7 days with one time per day. SMF-Ex reduced significantly clinical sign of DSS-induced colitis, including body weight loss, shorten colon length, increased disease activity index (DAI), and histological colon injury. SMF-Ex also inhibited significantly nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandine $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) productions in DSS-induced colitis mice. Furthermore, SMF-Ex increased significantly an superoxide anion (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) activity of the colon tissue in DSS-induced colitis mice. These results suggest that SMF-Ex administration could reduce significantly the clinical signs and inflammatory mediators, and increase antioxidant activity in DSS-induced colitis model mice and is a good candidate for further evaluation as an effective anti-ulcerative agent.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.171-182
• /
• 2008

The aqueous extract of Schisandra chinensis, Evodia rutaecarpa and meal (SEM-Ex) has been traditionally used in the Oriental countries as an astringent. However, little is known about the effects of aqueous extract of SEM-Ex on dextran-sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of SEM-Ex on DSS-induced colitis in mice. An experimental colitis was induced by daily treatment with 5% DSS. SEM-Ex was orally administered from day 2 of DSS treatment in the different dose (10-50 mg/kg body weight). SEM-Ex reduced significantly clinical sign of DSS-induced colitis, including body weight loss, shorten colon length, increased disease activity index (DAI), and histological colon injury. Moreover, SEM-Ex suppressed significantly not only the serum haptoglobin levels and the activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO), but also the colon tissue expression levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in DSS-induced mice. In contrast, SEM-Ex increased significantly the colon tissue expression levels of granular colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) well known as anti-inflammatory cytokine. These results suggest that SEM-Ex administration could reduce significantly the clinical signs and regulate of chemokine and anti-inflammatory cytokine in DSS-induced model mice. Therefore, these properties may contribute to the strong anti-ulcerative colitis (UC) response effect of SEM-Ex.

• 대한예방한의학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.119-133
• /
• 2005

Traditional herbal medicine is widely used among the Korean people, and other eastern Asian countries employ similar therapies as well. In recent years, due to increasing interest in herbal medicines, many researches have been made on the toxicity and side effects of herbal medications. Through private and public media, there have been many opinions suggesting taking herbal medicines is very harmful, especially on the liver and kidney functions. This assertion has been mainly presented by the doctors that practice western medicine, But this assertion is never based on adequate knowledge of herbal medicine. This study aims to provide the evidences that taking herbal medicines is safe on the renal functions. Four frequently used herbal medications(Sipjeondaebotang, Bojungigitang, Ojeoksan, and Yukmijihwangtang) were used to test the toxicity of herbal medicine oh the lab animal model(SD-Rat). There is no significant difference in body weight and kidney weight after herbal medication for 1 month. In all experimental groups, no abnormal findings were observed in histological study, and lab renal function index(BUN, creatinine, uric acid). These results say that four herbal multi-used-medicines, when medicated, is safe from the renal toxicity in lab animal model.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.47-53
• /
• 2008

Background and Objectives : Benign neoplasms of the larynx are rare, and papillomas account for approximately 90% of these neoplasms. Other benign neoplasms of the larynx are very rare and form a hetergenous group. We present clinical manifestations of unusual benign neoplasms based on our experiences and review of literatures. Materials and Method : We reviewed retrospectively the clinical records of 14 patients with benign neoplasms of the larynx, excluding papillomas, that were examined in our department during 11-year period from 1995 to 2006. Results : The presenting symptom was most commonly progressive dysphonia. Pathologic diagnosis revealed 5 cases of hemangioma, 3 granular cell tumor, 2 amyloidosis, 2 laryngocele, 1 schwannoma, 1 chondroma. Subsites of the neoplasms were 5 in true vocal cord, 3 in arytenoids, 2 in false vocal cord, 2 in supraglottis, and others were subglottis ; aryepiglottic fold. Treatment was surgical, by a external approach in 1 case of chondroma, and by laryngoscopic approach in other cases. In laryngoscopic approach, carbon dioxide laser was used in 10 cases. Postoperative course was satisfactory. Recurrence was encountered in I case of amyloidosis and revision operation was done 3 times. No recurrence was encountered in other cases. Conclusion : Uncommon benign neoplasms of the larynx require high index of suspicion and histological confirmation. Complete excision with an attempt to maintain normal structures generally results in cure.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.8-14
• /
• 2013

This study was performed to investigate the effects of ethanolic extract of Ulmus davidiana root (UE) on lipid metabolism in mice fed a high-fat diet (HF) for 7 weeks. Forty male ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups; normal diet group (N), high-fat diet group (HF), HF with 0.5% UE (HF-L) and 1% UE (HF-H) group. Body weight, body weight gain, and liver weight in the HF group was significantly higher than in the N group, while those of the HF-L and HF-H group were unchanged. UE improved HF-induced dyslipidemia by reducing serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and the atherogenic index. There was no difference in serum HDL-cholesterol among experimental groups. However, the HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio was significantly increased in the HF-L and HF-H group. Histological analysis showed that HF-fed mice developed hepatocellular microvesicular vacuolation as a result of fat accumulation. These changes were attenuated by 1% UE supplementation. In addition, hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the HF-H group significantly reduced. Taken together, these results demonstrated that lipid levels in the blood and liver were reduced by UE, suggesting that it might be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia and fatty liver.

• 한국수의병리학회지
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.127-138
• /
• 1998

Transmissible venereal tumor(TVT) is a naturally occurring contagious neoplasm which can be transmitted by mechanical contact during mating in dogs and transplanted as intact viable cells to dogs and other members of canine family such as coyotes, jackals, wolves, and foxes. The incidence of this tumors tends to increase in Korean native Jindo dogs. This is probably due to the high density and unrestrained management system. With time, TVT reaches the maximum size and then tends to regress spontaneously unless individuals are immunologically compromised. It consists of different types of cells depending on the stage. In this study, 10 tumors were selected from Jindo dogs. These were histologically calssified into three stages; progressive, steady-state, and regressive. Mitotic figures were counted, and their histological appearance at each stage is compared with their DNA ploidy. Histologically, 5 tumor cases were calssed as the progressors, 3 cases as the steady-state tumors, and 2 cases as regressors. Progressors were composed of round cells with large nuclei containing conspicuous nucleoli and frequent mitotic figures. A few spindle-shaped cells and inflammatory cells including mainly lymphocytes, a few neutrophils and macrophages were also seen. In the steady-state tumors, there was an increased number of spindle shaped cells and mitotic figures were rare. Six tumors were diploid and four were aneuploid with the variation coefficient of 7.02. Two of five progressive tumors were aneuploid. Two of three steady-state tumors were aneuploid while both tumors at the regressive stage were diploid. Progressive and steady-state tumors had a much larger S/G2M fraction and a higher mitotic index than regressive tumors. Two tumors which persisted for more than one year were aneuploid. These results suggest that the progressive and steady-state tumors had more active cell division than the regressive neoplasms.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.169-181
• /
• 2005

Background & Objective : Idiopathic Lung Fibrosis(IPF) is chronic fibrotic interstitial pneumonia. The pathogenesis is unclear. Fritillariae Rhizoma is the most commonly used antitussive and expectorant Oriental medicinal herb. The effects of Fritillariae Rhizoma on bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis is here evaluated. Material and Methods : Fritillariae Rhizoma extract was daily given to the normal rats, control(bleomycin) rats and treated(bleomycin and Fritillariae Rhizoma) rats at 9.0 mg per body weight 10g for 14 days. 14 days later, the change in Leukocyte count and percentages were observed, as well as IFN-gamma and 1L-4 in BALF, and the change in Semiqualitative histological index(SHI). Results : Compared to control rats, Fritillariae Rhizoma treated rats showed a lower leukocyte count(P<0.05) lymphocyte, neutrophil percentage, SHI(p<0.05), IFN-gamma and IL-4(p<0.05) in treated rats. Conversely, macrophage percentages went higher(p<0.05) in treated rats. Conclusion : This study supports a role for Fritillariae Rhizoma in reducing the maintaining inflammatory cells and cytokines in rats with bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis and in the reduction of fibrosis tissues. Further research is needed in order to develop an effective treatment for lung fibrosis.

• 한국환경생물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국환경생물학회 2002년도 학술대회
• /
• pp.33-37
• /
• 2002

The present was performed to identify the effects of tributyltin (TBT) in the immature mice testes. 3-week-old male ICR mice were orally administrated on one time basis of TBT dose of O (Vehicle control, VC), 25 (TBT 25 mg/kg, T$_{25}$ ), 50 (TBT 50 mg/kg, T$_{50}$ ), 100 (TBT 100 mg/kg, T$_{100}$ ) mg/kg per each one. After 3 days the time treated of TBT, mice were sacrified and wighted body, testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle, vas deferens, and prostate. As the result of weighing, wights of each oragan and gonad index were tendency decresed in comparing groups of TBT treated with that (C) of unteated (p <0.05). As the result of examination of steroid hormones in the immature male mice, The concentrations of serum and intratesticular testosterone were significatly increased rather than the control group. But concentrations of estradiol were decresed objectly. A group of the highest change of concentrations of steroid hormones is T$_{100}$ . The high dose group, T$_{100}$ , was decreased all of concentrations of steroid hormones rather than those of T$^{25}$ . The result of observation with histological changes in testis showed a tendency for innercellular wall to increase damage and extinction in seminiferous tubles. As the result of investigation apoptotic cell numbers in the testis using teminal deoxy-nucleotidyl transferase -mediated dUTP-digoxygenin nick end-labeling immunohistochemical straia, The ratio of Apoptic cells significantly was incensed in depending on treatment of TBT does. In conclusion, these results shows that TBT triggers apoptosis on reproductive cell in testis and changes level of concentrations of steroid hormones in the immature male mice , as endocrine disruptors (EDs).

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제39권5호
• /
• pp.391-397
• /
• 2006

This study correlated changes in estradiol-l7$\beta$ ($E_2$), testosterone (T), 17$\alpha$,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP), and vitellogenin (VTG) levels with changes in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and ovarian histology during the annual reproductive cycle of the wild marbled sole, Limanda yokohamae. Synchronous oocyte development occurs in this fish. Ovary maturity was classified into four periods, based on histological observations: the spawning (December to February), post-spawning (February to April), recovery (May to August), and vitellogenic (September to November) periods. Seasonal changes in the GSI were inversely correlated with water temperatures and reflected the degree of ovarian maturity. Plasma VTG levels were correlated with changes in the GSI, which increased from September to a peak in January, and levels remained comparatively high until February. Estradiol-17$\beta$ was at baseline levels (<0.11 ng/mL) during the spring and summer, and peaked rapidly (1.55$\pm$0.445 ng/mL) from October to January. Plasma T and DHP levels had a similar profile; they rose markedly during the spawning period and remained low (or were not detectable) from spring through autumn. These data indicate that changes in plsama steroid hormones and VTG levels are correlated with the annual ovarian activity of the marbled sole. Based on these results and published reports, it appears that in this species DHP is the most important maturation-inducing steroid and that T is also related to final maturation.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.101-123
• /
• 2011

Objectives : The aim was to study the effect of bee venom pharmacopuncture therapy with different concentration on rheumatoid arthritis rat model. Methods : We enforced a bee venom pharmacopuncture therapy with different concentration on rheumatoid arthritis rat model by the intradermal injection of chicken type II collagen emulsified. 14 days after the onset of the rheumatoid arthritis rat model, a fixed volume of bee venom was daily injected to ST-35 acupoint in the rat's knee joint for 2-3 weeks. The hind paw volume, arthritic index, arthritic flexion pain test, pain threshold, and serum analysis (CRP, $PGE_2$, ALT, AST) were analyzed, and the expression profiles of COX-2, c-fos, and substance-P at the dorsal horn region of the spinal cord and subchondral bone of the knee joint were also analyzed by using the immunohistochemistry. Results : After the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis rats with bee venom pharmacopuncture, the paw volume of edema of arthritic rats were almost restored to the level of normal group, and behavior tests were very effective. Also the evaluation on the blood serum analysis was remarkable. COX-2, c-fos, and substance-P positive cells in the immunohistological section of dorsal horn region of the spinal cord and subchondral bone of the knee joints were significantly decreased. also the bee venom pharmacopuncture was effective to alleviate their rheumatoid arthritic inflammation cytokine inhibition as regards to the behavior tests and joint histological appearance. Conclusions : Based on the results in this study, bee venom pharmacopuncture with concentrated treatment condition was very effective in low fixed quantity and progressive low increased quantity.