• 대한간호학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.207-223
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• 1993

Inpatients are mostly occupied in bed with restricted activity, nearly all patient populations are at risk for the occurrence of skeletal muscle atrophy due to decreased level of activity. Restriction of mobility is far greater in pediatric patients compared with adult patients since almost all the activities of daily living is performed by parents or caregivers. It could be assumed that pediatric patients are more vulnerable to skeletal muscle atrophy than adult patients, however, there have been no attempts to reduce the atrophy of developing muscle. Therefore it is important to determine the effect of exercise in developing muscle during decreased activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of periodic weight support during hindlimb suspension on the mass and cross-sectional area of Type I and II fibers in developing soleus(Type I ) muscle. To examine the effectiveness of periodic weight support activity in maintaining mass and fiber size. the hindlimb of young female Wistar rats was suspended(HS) and half of these rats walked on a treadmill for 45min / day(15min every 4h) at 5m / min at a 15 grade(HS-WS). After 7days of hindlimb suspension, soleus wet weight was 28. 57% smaller and relative soleus weight was 28. 21% smaller in comparison with con-trol rats (p〈0.05) Soleus wet weight and relative soleus weight increased by 67.72% and 71.43% each with periodic weight support activity during hindlimb suspension (p〈0.01, p〈0.005), moreover soleus wet weight and relative soleus weight of the HS -WS rats were greater than those of the control group. No change was observed in fiber type percentage of the developing soleus muscle after 1 week of hindlimb suspension plus weight support activity. Type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas of the developing soleus muscle were 50.45% and 43.39% lower in the HS group than in the control group (p〈0.0001), type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas of the developing soleus were 24.49% and 29.93% greater in the HS - WS group than in the HS rats (p〈0.0001), whereas Type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas of HS - WS group were less than those of the control group, The results suggest that periodic weight support activity can ameliorate developing soleus muscle atrophy induced by hindlimb suspension, even in type II fibers that would not have been expected to be recruited by this type of neuromuscular demand. Clinical experimental study is needed to deter-mine the effect of periodic weight bearing exercise on developing atrophied leg muscle based on these results.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.355-365
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• 2011

본 연구는 지방의 종류와 함량이 다른 식이의 섭취가 하지 고정 흰 쥐의 근육 내 화학 조성, PPAR${\delta}$ 및 관련 효소의 발현에 미치는 영향을 근육 종류에 따라 알아 보기 위해 수행되었다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 10일 간의 하지고정과 식이 중재에 의해 실험동물의 체중, 식이섭취량 및 혈청 지방산에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 2) 10일 간의 하지고정에 따라 근육 양은 하지 근육 종류에 따라, 각각 soleus 에서 약 57%, plantaris에서 약 39% 그리고 gastrocnemius에서 약 38%로 달리 감소되었다 (p < 0.01). 특히 soleus에서 가장 많은 감소 현상을 보였다. 이러한 감소 경향은 식이 지방의 종류 및 함량에 영향을 받지 않았다. 3) 10일 간의 하지고정에 따라 근육 내 조성 변화의 경우, gastrocnemius에서 분석한 근육 총 단백질량은 정상 다리(contralateral)와 비교하여 하지고정에 따라 유의적으로 감소 (CO, 41%; FO, 40%; HCO, 37%; HBT, 38%)하였다. Plantaris, gastrocnemius에서 분석한 근육 내 중성지방량의 경우에도, 정상다리와 비교하여 하지고정에 따라 plantaris(CO, 39%; FO, 27%; HCO, 38%; HBT, 35%)와 gastrocnemius(CO, 38%; FO, 34%; HCO, 33%; HBT, 34%) 모두에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 그러나, 근 단백질량과 중성지방량의 감소 현상은 모두 식이군 간의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 4) PPAR${\delta}$ 단백질은 하지고정에 의해 plantaris에서는 유의적으로 증가 (p < 0.05)하였고, gastrocnemius, soleus에서는 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. PPAR${\delta}$ 단백질과는 반대로 PPAR${\delta}$ mRNA는 하지고정에 의해 plantaris에서는 유의적으로 감소 하였고, soleus에서는 FO군만 PPAR${\delta}$ mRNA 발현 양이 유의적으로 감소하였다. PPAR${\alpha}$의 경우 하지고정에 따라 두 근육에서 모두 영향을 받지 않았다. mCPT1 mRNA는 하지고정에 따라 soleus와 plantaris 모두에서 변화가 없었지만, PDK4 mRNA는 하지고정에 따라 plantaris에서 유의적으로 감소하였고, 반대로 soleus에서는 유의적으로 증가하였다. 5) PPAR${\delta}$ 단백질은 세 근육의 FO군에서 모두 크게 증가하는 경향을 보였지만, 식이에 따른 유의적인 차이를 보이지는 않았다. PPAR${\delta}$ mRNA의 경우, plantaris의 CO군과 비교해 FO군에서 mRNA 발현이 유의적으로 낮은 수준이었고, 다른 군에서는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. Soleus의 PPAR${\delta}$ mRNA는 CO군과 비교해 FO, HCO 그리고 HBT군 모두에서 발현 양이 유의적으로 낮은 수준을 보였다. 반면, PPAR${\alpha}$의 mRNA 발현은 두 근육에서 모두 식이에 의한 영향을 받지 않았다. mCPT1 mRNA 발현의 경우, plantaris에서는 CO군과 비교해 FO군에서 발현 양이 유의적으로 낮은 수준을 보였지만, 고지방 식이 군에서는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 반대로, soleus에서는 CO군과 비교해 FO군에서 발현이 유의적으로 높은 수준을 보였지만, 고지방 식이 군에서는 CO군과 비교해 유의적인 차이는 없었다. PDK4 mRNA의 경우, plantaris에서는 CO군과 비교해 FO군의 mRNA 발현 양이 유의적으로 높은 수준을 보였다. 고지방 식이 군에서는 CO군과 비교해 발현 양의 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 한편, soleus에서는 FO군에서 발현이 낮은 경향을 보였을 뿐, 식이에 따른 mRNA 발현에는 모든 군에서 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 본 연구에서는 10일간의 하지고정에 의해서 모든 근육에서 유의적인 근 위축이 유발되었고, 이에 따라 근육 양의 감소와 함께 근육 총 단백질의 유의적인 감소가 나타났다. 하지만 근육 총 단백질과 중성지방의 유의적인 감소에도 불구하고, 하지고정에 의한 근육 내 중성지방 축적은 일어나지 않았다. 이는 하지고정에 의해 모든 근육에서 증가된 PPAR${\delta}$ 단백질이 하지고정 초기에 근육 내 중성지방의 축적을 억제했을 것으로 사료된다. 결론적으로, 하지고정에 따른 근 위축에 의해 근육 내 지질대사를 조절하는 PPAR${\delta}$의 mRNA 발현은 감소하였지만, ${\omega}$-3 PUFA를 함유한 어유 식이는 PPAR${\delta}$ 단백질 및 관련 효소의 발현 수준과 활성에 근 섬유별특성에 따라 긍정적인 영향을 줌으로써 근육 내 지질축적을 비롯한 근위축의 경감에 도움을 줄 수 있다는 가능성을 제시하였다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to test the effects of the low power laser and exercise on the recovery in the cerebellar injured rats by 3-Acetylpyridine. Cerebellar injury was induced by 3-Acetylpyridine chemoablation of the inferior olive. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to the normal control and 3AP control and 3 experimental groups. Each experimental group was treated from 5 days after being injured for the 5 min(laser group), 10 min(exercise group) and 15min(exercise with laser) everyday during the 2 weeks. The Hindlimb splay test, Vestibular drop test, Hindlimb stride width test, Maximal Height Vertical Jump test were examined at pre-treatment on 1st day and 5th, 10th, 14th days after treatment on the cerebellar injured rats by 3AP. The results of this experiment were as follows; There were significantly increased exercise on the 3 experimental groups comparied with the 3AP control group, in the Hindlimb splay test, Vestibular drop test, Hindlimb stride width test, and Maximal Height Jump test(P<.05).

• BMB Reports
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• 제50권10호
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• pp.504-509
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• 2017

Ischemia is a serious disease, characterized by an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of the anti-microbial peptide SR-0379 on the stem cell-mediated therapy of ischemic diseases. The migratory and tube-forming abilities of human endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were enhanced by treatment with SR-0379 in vitro. Intramuscular administration of SR-0379 into a murine ischemic hindlimb significantly enhanced blood perfusion, decreased tissue necrosis, and increased the number of blood vessels in the ischemic muscle. Moreover, co-administration of SR-0379 with EPCs stimulated blood perfusion in an ischemic hindlimb more than intramuscular injection with either SR-0379 or EPCs alone. This enhanced blood perfusion was accompanied by a significant increase in the number of CD31- and ${\alpha}$-SMA-positive blood vessels in ischemic hindlimb. These results suggest that SR-0379 is a potential drug candidate for potentiating EPC-mediated therapy of ischemic diseases.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.75.1-75.7
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• 2022

Background: Since 2013, the number of requests for diagnosis for horses based on neurological symptoms has increased rapidly in South Korea. The affected horses have commonly exhibited symptoms of acute seasonal hindlimb ataxia. A previous study from 2015-2016 identified Setaria digitata as the causative agent. Objectives: This study is an epidemiological investigation to find out risk factors related to the rapid increase in hindlimb ataxia of horses due to aberrant parasites in South Korea. Methods: An epidemiological investigation was conducted on 155 cohabiting horses in 41 horse ranches where the disease occurred. The surrounding environment was investigated at the disease-causing horse ranches (n = 41) and 20, randomly selected, non-infected ranches. Results: Hindlimb ataxia was confirmed in nine cohabiting horses; this was presumed to be caused by ectopic parasitism. Environments that mosquitoes inhabit, such as paddy fields within 2 km and less than 0.5 km from a river, had the greatest association with disease occurrence. Conclusions: Most horse ranches in South Korea are situated in favorable environments for mosquitoes. Moreover, the number of mosquitoes in the country has increased since 2013 due to climate change. Additional research is required; however, these data show that it is necessary to establish guidelines for the use of anthelmintic agents based on local factors in South Korea and disinfection of the environment to prevent disease outbreaks.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.14.1-14.15
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• 2023

Background: The management of feline hindlimb full-thickness skin defects is challenging. On the other hand, the use of a semitendinosus (ST) myocutaneous flap for their coverage has not been reported. Objectives: To describe the ST flap and compare it with second intention healing for managing hindlimb full-thickness skin defects. Methods: In 12 purpose-bred laboratory domestic short-haired cats, two wounds were made on each tibia. The wounds in group A (n = 12) were covered with ST flaps, and those in group B (n = 12) were left to heal by second intention. In both groups, clinical assessment scoring and planimetry were performed between one-30 d postoperatively. Computed tomography-angiography (CTA) was performed on days zero, 10, and 30, and histological examinations were performed on days zero and 14 and at 6 and 12 mon postoperatively. Results: Statistically significant differences in the clinical assessment scores were observed between groups A and B on days 14 (p = 0.046) and 21 (p = 0.016). On the other hand, the time for complete healing was similar in the two groups. CTA revealed significant differences in the muscle width (day 0 compared to days 10 and 30 [p = 0.001, p = 0.026, respectively], and days 10 to 30 [p = 0.022]), ST muscle density, and the caliber of the distal caudal femoral artery and vein (day 0 compared to day 10 [p < 0.001], and days 10 to 30 [p < 0.001]). Histologically significant differences in inflammation, degeneration, edema, neovascularization, and fibrosis were observed on day 14 compared to zero and 6 mon, but no differences were found between the time interval of 6 and 12 mon. Conclusions: An ST flap can be used effectively to manage hindlimb full-thickness skin defects.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.361-369
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of anorexia and neuropathic pain induced by cisplatin on hindlimb muscles of rats. Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups, a cisplatin-treated group (n=10) and a control group (n=10). In the cisplatin-treated group, cisplatin at a dose of 2 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally two times a week up to a cumulative dose of 20 mg/kg over 5 weeks, and in the control group saline (0.9% NaCl) was injected intraperitoneally at the same dose and duration as the cisplatin-treated group. At 34 days all rats were anesthetized, after which the soleus and plantaris muscles were dissected. Withdrawal threshold, body weight, food intake, activity, muscle weight, Type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas and myofibrillar protein content of the dissected muscles were determined. Results: Compared with the control group, the cisplatin-treated group showed significant decreases (p<.05) in withdrawal threshold, activity, food intake, body weight, Type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas, myofibrillar protein content and weight of the soleus and plantaris muscles. Conclusion: Muscular atrophy in hindlimb occurs due to anorexia and neuropathic pain induced by the cisplatin treatment.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of short-term undernutrition on muscle weight and Type I and II fiber cross-sectional area of hindlimb muscles in undernourished rats. Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of two groups: The undernourished (UN) group (n=9) and the control (C) group (n=9). A control group was allowed to have water and pellet ad libitum for 5 days. Undernutrition was induced by providing 32% of total intake of the control group for 5 days. Body weight of two groups and food intake of the control group were measured every day. At 6 days all rats were anesthetized and soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles, and liver were dissected. Body weight, food intake, muscle weight, liver weight and cross-sectional area were determined. Results: The UN group at 6 days after undernutrition showed significant decreases, as compared to the control group in body weight, liver weight, muscle weight of soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius, and Type I fiber cross-sectional area of soleus and gastrocnemius muscles and Type II fiber cross-sectional area of plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles. Conclusion: Hindlimb muscle atrophy occurs from the short-term undernutrition.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.240-249
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• 2020

Despite the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in ischemic diseases, pathophysiological conditions, including hypoxia, limited nutrient availability, and oxidative stress restrict their potential. To address this issue, we investigated the effect of melatonin on the bioactivities of MSCs. Treatment of MSCs with melatonin increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α). Melatonin treatment enhanced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in MSCs in a PGC-1α-dependent manner. Melatonin-mediated PGC-1α expression enhanced the proliferative potential of MSCs through regulation of cell cycle-associated protein activity. In addition, melatonin promoted the angiogenic ability of MSCs, including migration and invasion abilities and secretion of angiogenic cytokines by increasing PGC-1α expression. In a murine hindlimb ischemia model, the survival of transplanted melatonin-treated MSCs was significantly increased in the ischemic tissues, resulting in improvement of functional recovery, such as blood perfusion, limb salvage, neovascularization, and protection against necrosis and fibrosis. These findings indicate that the therapeutic effect of melatonin-treated MSCs in ischemic diseases is mediated via regulation of PGC-1α level. This study suggests that melatonin-induced PGC-1α might serve as a novel target for MSC-based therapy of ischemic diseases, and melatonin-treated MSCs could be used as an effective cell-based therapeutic option for patients with ischemic diseases.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.459-462
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• 2017

A 3-year-old, 5.6 kg, castrated, male, British short hair cat presented with subtle weight-bearing lameness of the right hindlimb when walking suddenly after rest. On physical examination, the patient experienced pain when the right stifle joint was hyperextended. There was no clinical improvement of lameness or pain of the right hindlimb, despite the administration of analgesic drugs for one week. During diagnostic arthroscopy of right stifle, mild synovitis and cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) impingement on osteophyte of the intercondylar notch (ICN) was observed. Computed tomography was applied to determine an accurate surgical plan. Arthroscopy-assisted notchplasty, including removal of the osteophyte, was performed using chisel and arthroscopic burr. At 4 weeks postoperatively, the frequency of subtle weight-bearing lameness of the right hindlimb was significantly reduced. At 6 months postoperatively, the patient exhibited normal ambulation without recurrence of lameness. Impingement of CCL may cause subtle lameness and pain. Arthroscopy can be a good diagnostic tool for early-stage CCL disease. Notchplasty can be recommended for osteophyte-induced CCL disease.