• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.2058-2071
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• 2015

A comparative study was conducted to evaluate precision and accuracy in controlling the temperature dependence of encapsulated microbial time-temperature integrators (TTIs) developed using two different emulsification techniques. Weissela cibaria CIFP 009 cells, immobilized within 2% Na-alginate gel microbeads using homogenization (5,000, 7,000, and 10,000 rpm) and Shirasu porous glass (SPG) membrane technologies (10 μm), were applied to microbial TTIs. The prepared micobeads were characterized with respect to their size, size distribution, shape and morphology, entrapment efficiency, and bead production yield. Additionally, fermentation process parameters including growth rate were investigated. The TTI responses (changes in pH and titratable acidity (TA)) were evaluated as a function of temperature (20℃, 25℃, and 30℃). In comparison with conventional methods, SPG membrane technology was able not only to produce highly uniform, small-sized beads with the narrowest size distribution, but also the bead production yield was found to be nearly 3.0 to 4.5 times higher. However, among the TTIs produced using the homogenization technique, poor linearity (R²) in terms of TA was observed for the 5,000 and 7,000 rpm treatments. Consequently, microbeads produced by the SPG membrane and by homogenization at 10,000 rpm were selected for adjusting the temperature dependence. The E_a values of TTIs containing 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 g microbeads, prepared by SPG membrane and conventional methods, were estimated to be 86.0, 83.5, and 76.6 kJ/mol, and 85.5, 73.5, and 62.2 kJ/mol, respectively. Therefore, microbial TTIs developed using SPG membrane technology are much more efficient in controlling temperature dependence.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.246-251
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• 2003

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is composed of the brain capillaries, which are lined by endothelial cells displaying extremely tight intercellular junctions. Several attempts at creating an in vitro model of the BBB have been met with moderate success as brain capillary endothelial cells lose their barrier properties when isolated in cell culture. This may be due to a lack of recreation of the in vivo endothelial cellular environment in these models, including nearly constant contact with astrocyte foot processes. This work is motivated by the hypothesis that growing endothelial cells on one side of an ultra-thin, highly porous membrane and differentiating astrocyte or astrogliomal cells on the opposite side will lead to a higher degree of interaction between the two cell types and therefore to an improved model. Here we describe our initial efforts towards testing this hypothesis including a procedure for membrane fabrication and methods for culturing endothelial cells on these membranes. We have fabricated a 1 $\mu\textrm{m}$ thick, 2.0 $\mu\textrm{m}$ pore size, and 55% porous membrane with a very narrow pore size distribution from low-stress silicon nitride (SiN) utilizing techniques from the microelectronics industry. We have developed a base, acid, autoclave routine that prepares the membranes for cell culture both by cleaning residual fabrication chemicals from the surface and by increasing the hydrophilicity of the membranes (confirmed by contact angle measurements). Gelatin, fibronectin, and a 50/50 mixture of the two proteins were evaluated as potential basement membrane protein treatments prior to membrane cell seeding. All three treatments support adequate attachment and growth on the membranes compared to the control.

• 센서학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.376-380
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• 2021

The accurate detection of hydrogen gas molecules is considered to be important for industrial safety. However, the selective detection of the gas using semiconductive metal oxides (SMOs)-based sensors is challenging. Here, we describe the fabrication of H₂ sensors in which a nanocellulose/graphene oxide (GO) hybrid membrane is attached to SnO₂ nanosheets (NSs). One-dimensional (1D) nanocellulose fibrils are attached to the surface of GO NSs (GONC membrane) by mixing GO and nanocellulose in a solution. The as-prepared GONC membrane is employed as a sacrificial template for SnO₂ NSs as well as a molecular sieving membrane for selective H₂ filtration. The combination of GONC membrane and SnO₂ NSs showed substantial selectivity to hydrogen gas (R_air / R_gas > 10 @ 0.8 % H₂, 100 ℃) with noise level responses to interfering gases (H₂S, CO, CH₃COCH₃, C₂H₅OH, and NO₂). These remarkable sensing results are attributed mainly to the molecular sieving effect of the GONC membrane. These results can facilitate the development of a highly selective H₂ detector using SMO sensors.

• 한국마린엔지니어링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2005년도 전기학술대회논문집
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• pp.1016-1021
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• 2005

A piezoresistive pressure sensor using a silicone rubber membrane has been fabricated on the selectively diffused (100)-oriented n/n+/n silicon substrates by a unique silicon micromachining technique using porous silicon ething. The width, length and thickness of the beam were 120${\mu}m$, 600${\mu}m$ and 7${\mu}m$, respectively and the thickness of the silicone rubber membrane was 40${\mu}m$. By the fusion of silicon beam and silicone rubber membrane, the mechanical strength of the pressure sensor could be highly improved due to smaller shear stress. The effectiveness of the sensor was confirmed through an experiment and FEM simulation in which the pressure sensor was characterized.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.349-352
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• 2014

Anodic alumina oxide (AAO), a self-ordered hexagonal array, has various applications in nanofabrication such as the fabrication of nanotemplates and other nanostructures. In order to obtain highly ordered porous alumina membranes, a two-step anodization or prepatterning of aluminum are mainly conducted with straight electric field. Electric field is the main driving force for pore growth during anodization. However, impurities in aluminum can disturb the direction of the electric field. To confirm this, we anodized two different aluminum foil samples with high purity (99.999%) and relatively low purity (99.8%), and compared the differences in the surface morphologies of the respective aluminum oxide membranes produced in different electric fields. Branched pores observed in porous alumina surface which was anodized in low-purity aluminum and the size; dimensions of the pores were found to be usually smaller than those obtained from high-purity aluminum. Moreover, anodization at high voltage proceeds to a significant level of conversion because of the high speed of the directional electric field. Consequently, anodic alumina membrane of a specific morphology, i.e., meshed pore, was produced.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.327-334
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• 2018

The nano/micro composites with highly porous surface area have attracted of great interest, particularly the synthesis of porous and thin film sheets of high performance. In this paper, an easy method of cost-effective synthesis of thin film ceramic fiber membranes based on Hydroxyapatite, and activated carbon by turned into studied to be applied within the service-facilitated the transport of radioactive waste such as $^{90}Sr$, $^{137}Cs$ and $^{60}Co$) as activated product of radioisotopes from ETRR-2 research reactor and dissolved in 3M $HNO_3$, across a thin flat-sheet supported liquid membrane (TFSSLM). Radionuclides are transported from alkaline pH values. The presence of sodium salts in the aqueous media improves in $HNO_3$, the lowering of permeability because the initial $HNO_3$ concentration is improved. The study some parameters on the thin sheet ceramic supported liquid membrane. EDTA as stripping phase concentration, time of extraction and temperature were studied. The study of maximum permeability of radioisotopes for all parameters. The pertraction of a radioactive waste solution from nitrate medium were examined at the optimized conditions. Under the optimum experimental 98.6-99.9% of $^{90}Sr$, 79.65-80.3% of $^{137}Cs$ and $^{60}Co$ 45.5-55.5% in 90-110 min with were extracted in 10-30 min, respectively. The process of diffusion in liquid membranes is governed by the chemical diffusion process.

• 멤브레인
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.373-384
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• 2015

지난 수십 년 동안, 고분자막은 기체 분리 분야에서 큰 역할을 해왔다. 온실가스의 주범인 이산화탄소를 분리하기 위해서는 더 높은 투과선택도와 장수명 및 대면적 등을 요구한다. 하지만 기존 고분자 분리막들은 투과도와 선택도의 역상관 관계 특징을 지니고 있으며, 무기물질은 투과성능이 우수하지만 가격이 비싸다는 단점이 있다. 최근 많은 연구가 진행되어온 혼합 매질 분리막은 고분자와 무기물질의 이점들을 혼합하여 기체 분리막의 차세대로서 큰 이목을 이끌고 있다. 혼합 매질 분리막은 대칭적인 구조 또는 비대칭적인 구조를 가지고 있으며, 투과량을 증가시키기 위해서는 비대칭적인 구조가 바람직하다. 혼합 매질 분리막에서 가장 중요한 변수로는 무기입자의 균일한 분산과 무기물과 고분자 사이의 좋은 계면을 형성하는 것이다. 최근에 새로운 분류의 다공성 결정성 물질인 금속 유기 구조체(MOF)는 이산화탄소 분리용 소재로써 많은 관심을 끌고 있다. MOF의 한 종류 중, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF)는 가장 흔하게 사용되는 무기입자이며 이는 입자의 크기를 작게 만들 수 있으며, $CO_2$를 분리하기에 적절한 기공의 크기를 가지고 있기 때문이다. 이 밖에 혼합 매질 분리막에 사용되는 특정 물질들을 적용하기 위해서는 선택도와 크기, 호환성, 안정성 등을 동시에 최적화시켜야 한다. 이와 같이 본 총설에서는, 혼합 매질 분리막에 관련된 주요 연구내용과 이러한 연구를 수행하는 대표적인 전략들을 소개하였다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2014

상전이 과정을 통하여 poly(L-lactic acid) 재질의 다공성 스캐폴드 막을 제조하였다. 비용매로는 에탄올을 사용하였고, 용매로서 chloroform, dichloromethane 및 1,4-dioxane을 사용하였으며, 제조한 스캐폴드 막의 모폴로지와 기계적 강도 및 물질전달 특성은 각각 SEM, 인장강도실험 및 당 확산실험을 통하여 측정, 평가하였다. chloroform을 용매로 사용한 스캐폴드 막과 dichloromethane을 용매로 사용한 스캐폴드 막은 서로 유사한 모폴로지와 기계적 특성을 보였다. 이들 스캐폴드 막은 공극 직경 $3-10{\mu}m$의 다공성 스펀지 구조를 보였으며, 범위 50-80%의 공극률을 보였다. 1,4-dioxane 용매의 용액으로부터 제조된 스캐폴드 막은 공극률 80% 이상의 나노섬유 형태를 보였다. 캐스팅 용액 내의 고분자 함량이 4% 이하로 낮추었을 때에는 나노섬유 구조의 바탕에 수십 ${/mu}m$의 거대 공극이 존재하는 높은 공극률(90%)을 갖는 스캐폴드 막이 얻어졌다. 이러한 결과를 통하여 스캐폴드 막의 구조에 대하여 용매는 중요한 효과를 미치며, 상전이 과정에서 용매선택과 캐스팅 용액의 농도 조절을 통하여 다양한 구조의 스캐폴드 막을 제조할 수 있다는 결론을 도출하였다.

• 폴리머
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.530-534
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• 2014

다양한 기공도를 갖는 폴리에틸렌 분리막은 리튬이차전지의 격리막과 마이크로필터로 사용되고 있다. 폴리에틸렌 분리막을 대용량 리튬이차전지의 격리막에 응용하기 위해서는 고다공성 분리막의 제조가 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 열유도 상분리 공정으로 고다공성 폴리에틸렌 분리막을 제조하는데 있어, BET가 무독성 희석제로 사용 가능한지 여부를 실험하였다. 폴리에틸렌/BET 혼합물의 UCST-거동을 관찰하여 BET가 폴리에틸렌 다공막 제조용 희석제로 사용 가능함을 확인하였다. 폴리에틸렌/BET 혼합물로부터 제조된 분리막이 같은 조성에서 폴리에틸렌/파라핀 오일로부터 제조된 분리막에 비해 1.8배 높은 기공도를 나타내었다.

• Korean Membrane Journal
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2001

Films of TiO$_2$/SiO$_2$ were deposited on the inner surface of the porous glass support tubes by decomposition of tetraisopropyl titanate (TIPT) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) at atmospheric pressure. Dense and hydrogen -permselective membranes were formed at 400-600$\^{C}$. The permeation rates of H$_2$ through the membrane at 600$\^{C}$ were 0.2-0.4 ㎤(STP)/min-㎠ atm and H$_2$:N$_2$permeation ratios were above 1000. The permeation properties of the membranes were investigated at various deposition temperatures and TIPT/TEOS concentrations. Decomposition of TIPT alone at temperatures above 400$\^{C}$ produced porous crystalline TiO$_2$ films and they were not H7-selective. Decomposition of TEOS produced H$_2$-permeable SiO$_2$ films at 400-600$\^{C}$ but film deposition rate was very low. Addition of TIFT to the TEOS stream significantly accelerated the deposition rate and produced highly H$_2$-selective films. Increasing the TIPT/TEOS concentration ratio increased the deposition rate. The TiO$_2$/SiO$_2$ membranes formed at 600 $\^{C}$ have the permeation properties comparable to those of SiO$_2$ membranes produced from TEOS.