• Title/Summary/Keyword: High-quality salt

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저염 새우젓 제조를 위한 최적 숙성직전의 감마선 조사시 화학적 품질변화 (Changes of Chemical Properties in Processing of Low Salted and Fermented Shrimp Using Gamma Irradiation immediately before Optimum Fermentation)

  • 이경행;안현주;이철호;김영지;변명우
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제32권5호
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    • pp.1051-1057
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    • 2000
  • 관능적 품질이 우수하고 저장성을 향상시킨 저염 새우젓 개발을 위해 감마선 조사기술을 이용하였다. 식염농도를 15% 및 20%로 조절한 새우젓을 제조하여 $15^{\circ}C$에서 발효시키면서, 최적 숙성기에 도달하기 직전 아미노태 질소의 함량이 400mg% 수준에서 5 kGy 및 10 kGy 선량의 감마선을 조사하였으며, 대조구로는 30% 식염농도의 새우젓을 제조하여 저장기간 동안 화학적 품질을 평가하였다. 최적 숙성직전 감마선을 조사한 결과, 감마선 조사직후 아미노태 질소, 휘발성 염기태 질소, trimethylamine 및 효소활성은 감마선 조사에 의한 영향은 나타나지 않았다. 저장기간에 따른 성분의 변화는 식염함량 및 감마선 조사선량이 증가할수록 낮았으며, 효소활성은 발효 4∼5주까지 계속 증가하다가 감소하는 경향으로 대조구와 유사한 활성을 나타내었다. 특히 15% 식염과 10 kGy의 감마선 조사 및 20% 식염과 5 kGy 이상의 감마선을 최적 숙성직전 조사한 새우젓의 경우 젓갈의 화학적 품질지표인 아미노태 질소, 휘발성 염기태 질소, trimethylamine 함량 및 단백질분해 효소활성이 30% 고염농도인 대조구와 비슷한 수준으로, 발효기간 동안 적정수준의 함량 및 활성을 나타내어 양호한 품질특성을 보였다.

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다구찌 실험계획법을 이용한 소구경화기 총열 내부용 Cr-Mo-V강의 질화공정 최적화 (Optimization of Inner Nitriding Process for Cr-Mo-V Steel of Small Arms Barrel by using Taguchi Experimental Design Method)

  • 권혁린;김동은;손형동;신재원;박재하;강명창
    • 한국기계가공학회지
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.148-154
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    • 2018
  • When shooting small arms, the inner surface temperature is heated up to about $700{\sim}1,000^{\circ}C$ by the friction of the bullet and the inner wall of the barrel and the combustion of propellant. High-temperature propellant gas and high-speed movement of the bullet cause corrosion of the inner wall, which is noticeable immediately in front of the chamber. In this study, the mechanical properties of Cr-Mo-V steel, which is the base material, were tested using Taguchi experimental design to find the best nitriding treatment conditions. For the nitriding process, the working time, salt bath temperature, and salt concentration were combined as three conditions and placed in the $L_9(3^4)$, orthogonal array table. The thicknesses of the white layer and the nitrogen diffusion layer were measured after nitriding under each condition in a salt bath furnace. Durability was evaluated by measuring the degree of dispersion through actual shooting because it was difficult to evaluate the mechanical properties of the cylinder inner structure. As a result, it was confirmed that the durability was optimal at $565^{\circ}C$, 1 hour, 0.5%. These optimal conditions were selected by the statistical analysis of the Minitab program(ver.17).

Reversible and High-Capacity Data Hiding in High Quality Medical Images

  • Huang, Li-Chin;Hwang, Min-Shiang;Tseng, Lin-Yu
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.132-148
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    • 2013
  • Via the Internet, the information infrastructure of modern health care has already established medical information systems to share electronic health records among patients and health care providers. Data hiding plays an important role to protect medical images. Because modern medical devices have improved, high resolutions of medical images are provided to detect early diseases. The high quality medical images are used to recognize complicated anatomical structures such as soft tissues, muscles, and internal organs to support diagnosis of diseases. For instance, 16-bit depth medical images will provide 65,536 discrete levels to show more details of anatomical structures. In general, the feature of low utilization rate of intensity in 16-bit depth will be utilized to handle overflow/underflow problem. Nowadays, most of data hiding algorithms are still experimenting on 8-bit depth medical images. We proposed a novel reversible data hiding scheme testing on 16-bit depth CT and MRI medical image. And the peak point and zero point of a histogram are applied to embed secret message k bits without salt-and-pepper.

제주도와 OAHU도의 지질구조 및 수자원의 특성 (Geological structure and groundwater resources of Cheju and Oahu Island)

  • 최순학
    • 지질공학
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.70-91
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    • 1992
  • 제주도와 오아후섬의 지질은 제3기말에서 제4기초 사이에 걸친 화산활동에 의해 형성된 동일형의 화산도라는 점에서 유사한 특성을 갖는다. 이 두 섬의 지하수 산상은 두가지의 기본적인 요소인 화산암의 투수성과 강수량의 지배를 받는다. 그러나 오아후도에서의 지하수 산상은 광역 화산암의 복합 암맥군에 의해 더 많은 영향을 받는다. 제주도와 오아후도의 지하수 부존형태는 두가지로 분류되는데 고지대의 주수와 해안변에 발달된 기저 지하수가 그것이다. 일반적으로 제주도 지하수의 수질은 생활용수로 적합하나 동부 해안지역의 몇개의 지하수 관정은 과잉양수로 인하여 해수가 침입되었으며 1970년 부터 내륙쪽으로 점점 해수의 영향을 받고 있다. 이러한 해수의 오염현상은 오아후섬의 진주만에서도 비슷하다. 제주도의 신선한 지하수체에 현재 발생되고 있는 이러한 해수오염을 방지하기 위해서는 우선 해안지역을 따라 분포하는 지하수 부존 가능성과 그들을 최대한으로 개발하기 위해 지하수의 유동에 대한 연구가 필요하다.

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Screening and Characterization of Potential Bacillus Starter Cultures for Fermenting Low-Salt Soybean Paste (Doenjang)

  • Jeon, Hye Hee;Jung, Ji Young;Chun, Byung-Hee;Kim, Myoung-Dong;Baek, Seong Yeol;Moon, Ji Young;Yeo, Soo-Hwan;Jeon, Che Ok
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제26권4호
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    • pp.666-674
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    • 2016
  • The bacterial strains were screened as potential starters for fermenting low-salt doenjang (a Korean traditional fermented soybean paste) using Korean doenjang based on proteolytic and antipathogenic activities under 6.5-7.5% NaCl conditions. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that they all belonged to the genus Bacillus. Proteolytic and antipathogenic activities against Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Aspergillus flavus, as well as fibrinolytic, amylase, and cellulase activities of the 10 strains were quantitatively evaluated. Of these, strains D2-2, JJ-D34, and D12-5 were selected, based on their activities. The functional, phenotypic, and safety-related characteristics of these three strains were additionally investigated and strains D2-2 and D12-5, which lacked antibiotic resistance, were finally selected. Strains D2-2 and D12-5 produced poly-γ-glutamic acid and showed various enzyme activities, including α-glucosidase and β-glucosidase. Growth properties of strains D2-2 and D12-5 included wide temperature and pH ranges, growth in up to 16% NaCl, and weak anaerobic growth, suggesting that they facilitate low-salt doenjang fermentation. Strains D2-2 and D12-5 were not hemolytic, carried no toxin genes, and did not produce biogenic amines. These results suggest that strains D2-2 and D12-5 can serve as appropriate starter cultures for fermenting low-salt doenjang with high quality and safety.

Transcriptome Profiling of Differentially Expressed Genes in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Under Salt Stress

  • Byeong Hee Kang;Woon Ji Kim;Sreepama Chowdhury;Chang Yeok Moon;Sehee Kang;Bo-Keun Ha
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.261-261
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    • 2022
  • Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] is one of the most important grain legumes that enhance soil fertility and is well-adapted to various abiotic stress. Also, it is cultivated worldwide as a tropical annual crop, and the semi-arid regions are known as the main cowpea-produced regions. However, accumulation of soil salinity induced by low rainfall in these regions is reducing crop yields and quality. In general, plants exposed to soil salinity cause an accumulation of high ion chloride, which leads to the degradation of root and leaf proteins. In this study, we identified candidate genes associated with salinity tolerance through an analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in four cowpea germplasms with contrasting salinity tolerance. A total of 553,776,035 short reads were obtained using the Illumina Novaseq 6000 platform for RNA-Seq, which were subsequently aligned to the reference genome of cowpea Vunguiculata v1.2. A total of9,806 DEGs were identified between NaCl treatment and control of four cowpea germplasms. Among these DEGs, functions related to salt stress such as calcium transporter and cytochrome-450 family were associated with salt stress. In GO analysis and KEGG analysis, these DEGs were enriched in terms such as the "phosphorylation", ''extracellular region", and "ion binding". These RNA-seq results will improve the understanding of the salt tolerance of cowpea and can be used as useful basic data for molecular breeding technology in the future.

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절임배추 저장 중 폴리에틸렌 포장필름 종류와 소금 절임 농도에 따른 품질변화 (Quality Changes in Brined Baechu Cabbage using Different Types of Polyethylene Film, and Salt Content during Storage)

  • 김영욱;정지강;조영진;이선진;김소희;박건영;강순아
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제16권5호
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    • pp.605-611
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    • 2009
  • 0%, 5%, 10%의 염수로 절인배추를 각각 High density polyethylene film (HDPE-film), Low density polyethylene film (LDPE-film), Mirafresh film (MF-film)으로 포장한 후 4주간 $4^{\circ}C$에 저장하면서 pH, 염도, 총균수, 젖산균수, 탄력성을 측정해 품질특성의 변화를 평가하였다. pH의 경우 절이지 않은 배추(0% 염수)일 때는 필름별로 큰 차이를 보이지 않았고, 10% 염수로 절인 배추의 경우 LDPE-film, MF-film으로 포장했을 때 pH변화가 비교적 안정적이었으며, HDPE-film으로 포장한 경우는 상대적으로 pH가 크게 저하되었다. 염도는 절이지 않은 배추(0% 염수)일 때는 0.82%, 5% 염수로 절인배추일 때는 1.17%, 10% 염수로 절인배추일 때는 1.61% 정도로 4주간 비교적 일정하게 유지되었다. 미생물의 경우에는, 높은 농도의 염수로 절인배추일수록 젖산균은 증가하였지만 총균수는 감소하였다. 필름별로 관찰하였을 때는 MF-film필름으로 포장한 절임배추가 가장 작은 미생물 증가율을 보였다. 조직감 비교 결과 역시, MF-film으로 포장한 절임배추의 조직감이 가장 우수하였다. 본 연구 결과 절임농도는 10% 염도에서, 포장재질로는 MF-film이 절임배추 저장시 품질특성을 가장 안정적으로 유지시켜주는 것으로 관찰되었다. 한편 LDPE-film으로 포장한 절임배추의 경우 MF-film으로 포장한 경우 보다 품질변화에 있어서의 안정성은 떨어졌지만, 가격적인 면에서 볼 때 MF-film의 대체 film으로 LDPE-film을 사용하는 것도 고려 할 수 있겠다.

Quality Characteristics of Kochujang Prepared with Different Meju Fermented with Aspergillus sp. and Bacillus subtilis

  • Kim, Yong-Suk;Oh, Byoung-Hak;Shin, Dong-Hwa
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.527-533
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    • 2008
  • For preparation of high quality kochujang by the traditional fermentation method, 4 types of kochujang were prepared with brick- or grain-shaped meju fermented with different strains (Aspergillus sojae, Aspergillus oryzae+Bacillus subtilis). After 100 days of fermentation at $25^{\circ}C$, the moisture, pH, salt, and ethanol content of kochujang were 40.52-43.20%, 4.71-4.82, 8.7-9.1%, and 0.75-0.94%, respectively, showing slight differences according to the strains and shapes of meju. Titratable acidities were slightly increased for up to 60 days of fermentation. The amino-type nitrogen content of kochujang prepared with brick-shaped meju (A. oryzae+B. subtilis) was the highest (164.20 mg%) among all of the kochujang types. The redness (a) value of kochujang prepared with brick-shaped meju (A. sojae) were higher (19.08) than those of other treatments (18.37-18.59). Sensory evaluation of kochujang prepared with grain-shaped meju (A. sojae) showed the highest scores for color and overall acceptability, 'at $6.43{\pm}1.87$ and $6.29{\pm}1.44$, respectively. It was estimated that high quality kochujang could be made by using meju fermented with selected strains.

용융염 기반의 화학기상증착법을 이용한 원자층 두께의 고품질 MoS2 합성 (Molten-Salt-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition for Growth of Atomically Thin High-Quality MoS2 Monolayer)

  • 고재권;육연지;임시헌;주현규;김현호
    • 접착 및 계면
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.57-62
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    • 2021
  • 원자층 두께의 이차원 전이금속 칼코겐화합물은 그래핀과 비슷한 형태의 이차원 구조로 이루어져 있으며, 전기적 특성을 비롯한 우수한 물리적특성을 보여 차세대 반도체 물질로 각광받고 있다. 그래핀의 대면적 합성의 경우 이미 기술적으로 성숙되어 화학기상 증착법을 이용하여 웨이퍼 수준의 크기만큼 단결정 합성이 가능해졌으나, 이차원 전이금속 칼코겐화합물의 경우 현재 수에서 수백 ㎛ 수준에 머물러 있는 것이 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 최근에 보고된 용융염 기반의 화학기상증착법을 통한 이차원 단층 MoS22합성법에서 공정변수가 MoS2단결정의 크기에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하였다. 그 결과, 최적화된 조건에서 약 420 ㎛의 고품질 단층 단결정 MoS2가 합성될 수 있다는 사실을 광학 현미경, 원자력 현미경, 라만 분광, 그리고 광루미네선스 분광 분석을 통하여 밝혀내었다.

Halotolerant Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria Mediated Salinity Stress Amelioration in Plants

  • Shin, Wansik;Siddikee, Md. Ashaduzzaman;Joe, Manoharan Melvin;Benson, Abitha;Kim, Kiyoon;Selvakumar, Gopal;Kang, Yeongyeong;Jeon, Seonyoung;Samaddar, Sandipan;Chatterjee, Poulami;Walitang, Denver;Chanratana, Mak;Sa, Tongmin
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제49권4호
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    • pp.355-367
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    • 2016
  • Soil salinization refers to the buildup of salts in soil to a level toxic to plants. The major factors that contribute to soil salinity are the quality, the amount and the type of irrigation water used. The presented review discusses the different sources and causes of soil salinity. The effect of soil salinity on biological processes of plants is also discussed in detail. This is followed by a debate on the influence of salt on the nutrient uptake and growth of plants. Salinity decreases the soil osmotic potential and hinders water uptake by the plants. Soil salinity affects the plants K uptake, which plays a critical role in plant metabolism due to the high concentration of soluble sodium ($Na^+$) ions. Visual symptoms that appear in the plants as a result of salinity include stunted plant growth, marginal leaf necrosis and fruit distortions. Different strategies to ameliorate salt stress globally include breeding of salt tolerant cultivars, irrigation to leach excessive salt to improve soil physical and chemical properties. As part of an ecofriendly means to alleviate salt stress and an increasing considerable attention on this area, the review then focuses on the different plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) mediated mechanisms with a special emphasis on ACC deaminase producing bacteria. The various strategies adopted by PGPB to alleviate various stresses in plants include the production of different osmolytes, stress related phytohormones and production of molecules related to stress signaling such as bacterial 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) derivatives. The use of PGPB with ACC deaminase producing trait could be effective in promoting plant growth in agricultural areas affected by different stresses including salt stress. Finally, the review ends with a discussion on the various PGPB activities and the potentiality of facultative halophilic/halotolerant PGPB in alleviating salt stress.