• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a Tabata exercise program as an alternative for firefighters whose working environment makes it difficult to manage physical fitness. The Tabata exercise program, in which 16 people participated, led to increased muscle mass and reduced weight and body fat, which not only improved the health of the firefighters but also improved their cardiopulmonary endurance, muscle endurance, and muscle strength, which are essential elements during firefighting emergency relief activities. On the basis of these results, it is believed that developing and providing guidelines for scientific and systematic exercise programs to firefighters will lead to better work capability during fire and disaster situations.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.373-381
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• 2007

Purpose: An exercise program, which was composed of motions simple and easy to follow, was developed and applied to aged women as a way to improve their health conditions. Method: To ascertain the effects of the exercise, which was conducted twice a week and 16 times in total for 8 weeks from September 10 to November 5, 2005 in two experimental groups (31 Persons) and a control group (31 persons), this study conducted quasi-experiments of nonequivalent control group pre-post test design. Data were analyzed using SPSS/PC Win 10.0, the reliability of the measuring tools using Cronbach's alpha, the verification of equivalence for general properties and dependent variables using Chi-square test and t-test, and the verification of hypotheses using t-test and ANCOVA. Results: After the exercise program. the aged women showed profitable evaluation of decisional balance, high feeling of self-efficacy as well as improved subjective awareness of health. Their diastolic blood pressure and total cholesterol were also reduced significantly after the exercise. Conclusion: After the conduct of the exercise program for 8 weeks, aged women showed increased profitable decisional balance, self-efficacy and subjective awareness of health. This suggests that continuous and proper exercise is effective as an intervention for health improvement for the aged as well as the prevention of and recovery from geriatric diseases.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.26-31
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• 2019

[Purpose] Numerous epidemiological studies have shown that it is possible to prescribe exercise for neurodegenerative disease, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. However, despite the availability of diverse scientific knowledge, the effects of exercise in this regard are still unclear. Therefore, this study attempted to investigate a substance, such as black chokeberry (Aronia melanocapa L.) that could improve the ability of the treatment and enhance the benefits of exercising in neurodegenerative diseases. [Methods] The cell viability was tested with 2,3-bis[2-methyloxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolim-5-carboxanilide and the cells were stained with ethidium homodimer-1 solution. The mRNA expression levels were evaluated by microarray. The active compounds of black chokeberry ethanolic extract (BCE) were analyzed by gas chromatography. The chemical shift analysis in the brain was performed using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. [Results] BCE treatment decreased hydrogen peroxide-induced L6 cell death and beta amyloid induced primary neuronal cell death. Furthermore, BCE treatment significantly reduced the mRNA levels of the inflammatory factors, such as IL-1α, Cxcl13, IL36rn, Itgb2, Epha2, Slamf8, Itgb6, Kdm6b, Acvr1, Cd6, Adora3, Cd27, Gata3, Tnfrsf25, Cd40lg, Clec10a, and Slc11a1, in the primary neuronal cells. Next, we identified 16 active compounds from BCE, including D-mannitol. In vivo, BCE (administered orally at a dosage of 50 mg/kg) significantly regulated chemical shift in the brain. [Conclusion] Our findings suggest that BCE can serve as a candidate for neurodegenerative disease therapy owing to its cyto-protective and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, BCE treatment is expected to prevent damage to the muscles and neurons of the athletes who continue high intensity exercise. In future studies, it would be necessary to elucidate the effects of combined BCE intake and exercise.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.289-296
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to changes in respiratory function due to differences in mask blocking grade, and effects on cardiovascular function during aerobic exercise. Design: Comparative study using paired t-test and analysis of variance measures. Methods: Male and female subjects were randomly divided into 4 groups according to mask blocking grade and measured respiratory functions before and after wearing the mask using spirometers, and their cardiovascular capabilities were measured using pulse oxygen meters and blood pressure meters before and after running for 10 minutes wearing mask. Used paired t-test, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-test to compare the differences according to the mask blocking grade. Results: The experimental results verified that three groups except for the Non-mask group had a significant reduction in all values of FVC, FEV1, MVV, and PEF after wearing a mask compared to those before wearing a mask(p<0.05). Also a significant difference in cardiovascular functions was also observed after aerobic exercises wearing mask in all groups and there was a significant difference between all four groups(p<0.05). Conclusions: Lung patients with poor breathing, elderly and children with poor lung function, and professional groups who need to wear masks and take high-intensity work or aerobic movements are encouraged to take frequent breaks in advance, wear masks and social distancing at moderate and low levels.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.972-977
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined exercise and green tea intake on body weight and adiponectin in obese female high school students. The thirty six(36) subjects were U women's high school students in U city and they were classified into four groups; exercise group), green tea group, exercise & green tea group and control group. All the subjects being obese with more than $27\;kg/m^2$. The exercise program was conducted with combined exercise of walking and the use of dumbbells. While walking having a $55{\sim}75%$HRmax intensity and uging $1{\sim}2\;kg$ dumbbell for $60{\sim}70$ minutes four times a week during 12 weeks. Subjects had one stick (0.8g green tea powder) four times a day during 12 weeks. The conclusions of this study are as follows. 1) For the level of body weight, in comparison within each group, EG, GG and EGG significantly decreased in body weight and in the comparison between groups, EG and EGG significantly decreased more in body weight than GG and CG after 12 weeks intervention. 2) For the level of adiponectin, in the comparison within each group, EG, GG, EGG didn't show any difference in adiponectin after 12 weeks intervention. However, CG significantly decreased in adiponectin and in the comparison between groups, EG and EGG significantly increased in adiponectin than CG after 12 weeks intervention.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.1081-1090
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• 1999

To establish the protocol of a standardized exercise test for evaluating exercise intolerance and degree of fitness in Thoroughbred racehorses, we examined serum lactate concentrations related to exercise intensities using the high speed treadmill. Twelve clinically healthy Thoroughbred racehorses with or without previous training or racing history were assigned to two gorups, fit and unfit group, respectively. The protocol used for the standardized exercise test was consisted of two stages : stage of warm-up and that of acceleration. During the warm-up, the horses exercised 5 min at 1.8m/s and 3 min 3.4m/s without inclination. At the acceleration stage, exercise test was performed at 10% slope and the speed was increased from the initial 5m/s to the maximal speed which each tested horse could keep up with. The speed was increased with incremental steps of 1 m/s every minute. During the last 15 sec of each step, blood samples were collected for serum lactate determination. $V_{max}$(maximal treadmill speed which tested horses could keep up with) of the fit group ($10.93{\pm}0.33m/s$, mean${\pm}$SE, n = 6) was higher than that of the unfit group ($9.52{\pm}0.23m/s$, mean${\pm}$SE, n = 6). Serum lactate concentrations increased exponentially according to exercise intensities. $V_{La4}$(speed producing a serum lactate concentration of 4mmol/l) of the fit group, $6.45{\pm}0.26m/s$, was higher than that of the unfit group, $5.45{\pm}0.23m/s$. $La_{peak}$(peak plasma lactate concentration during the exercise test) was lower in the fit group ($20.34{\pm}1.62mmol/l$ at 1 min after maximal intensity exercise) than in the unfit group ($24.78{\pm}1.09mmol/l$ at 2 min after maximal exercise step). $t_{50%}$(time required for the recovery of lactate concentration to be one-half of $La_{peak}$ after maximal exercise) of the unfit group and the fit group were 40.0 and 18.0 min, respectively. Therefore, the protocol of the incremental standardized exercise test utilized in this study seems to be reliable for the assessment of fitness and exercise intolerance for the Thoroughbred racehorses.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.489-498
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of walking exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) on insulin resistance, adipokines and gut hormones in middle aged obese women. Eleven obese women (BMI > 25kg/m2; body fat > 30%) wore pneumatic pressure belts at both femurs and performed walking exercise consisting of walking for 2 min and resting for 1min twice per day, 3 days/wk for 4 weeks. Insulin significantly increased after exercise (p<0.05), while glucose increased slightly, but not significantly. Additionally, HOMA-IR decreased significantly after exercise (p<0.05), while adiponectin and visfatin increased, but not significantly. Finally, ghrelin (p<0.05) and GLP-1 (p<0.05) increased significantly after exercise. These results suggest that walking exercise with blood flow restriction for 4 weeks improves insulin resistance, adipokines, and gut hormones in obese middle-aged women. Therefore, high intensity walking exercise with blood flow restriction for short periods of time has more positive effects on prevention and treatment of obesity-related metabolic diseases.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.213-218
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the UCP-1, UCP-3 mRNA expression in brown adipose tissue with glycometabolism according to intensity and duration of swimming in rat. F344 rat were randomly divided into three groups (n=10 in each group): control (CON), low-intensity swimming (LIS) groups, and high-intensity swimming (HIS) groups. Animals in the LIS group were forced to swim in swimming pool for 30min once a day for 8 consecutive weeks with a light intensity. In the HIS group, the rats repeated fifteen 20-s swimming bouts with a weight equivalent to 10% of body weight for 8weeks, respectively. The present result demonstrated that in LIS group, serum insulin and glucose levels significantly decreased in LIS group compared to CON. Brown adipose tissue UCP-1 and UCP-3mRNA expression was significantly increase in LIS group compared to CON and HIS groups. From those results, it can be suggested that low-intensity swimming may improve glycometablism control by up-regulating UCP-1 and UCP-3mRNA expression.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.305-313
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the level of participation in sports for the disabled on the community attachment. The subjects of this study were 227 persons with physical disabilities in D city. The analysis method was analyzed by factor analysis, frequency analysis, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 21.0 program. The results of this study are as follows: First, there is a high level of community attachment to male(sex), 40's and 50's(by age group) and 1st and 2nd grade(by disability grade). Second, in the degree of participation, the duration of exercise and duration of exercise, duration of exercise in dependency, and duration of exercise and intensity of exercise were found to have a positive effect on identity. As a result, it affected the consciousness of local community. In future research, it is necessary to study the psychological effect connected with community.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.301-310
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of work intensity on fit factor and affective quality of the dustproof Background: Among the victims who suffer pneumoconiosis due to the inhalation of toxic substances or the lack of oxygen during the work, the proportion of the victims is larger than the other causes. Wearing a respirator may prevent pneumoconiosis, but it can be hazardous to workers because of the leakage through filters, cartridges, exhaust valves, broken parts, and face-to-face contact. Despite leakage through the contact area between the mask and the face has various causes such as the wearer's activity, sweat accumulation, facial shape, etc., There is a lack of relevant research and regulation compared to developed countries that have already institutionalized the law 30 years ago and give the right to sell through a test Method: The work intensity was adjusted by walking or running at 6km/h and 11km/h on the treadmill, and tasks were defined with reference to the test procedure and the exercise sequence applied in the face leakage test of the dustproof mask. And fit factor was measured objectively using 'Respirator Fit Tester 8038' which measures fit factor calculated by dividing the number of dust present outside the mask by inside the mask. In addition, affective quality was classified by the ease of use, ease of breathing, and ease of wearing, and was measured using the 5-point likert scale questionnaire. Results: There was a significant difference in fit factor, ease of breathing, and wearing convenience according to work intensity and no significant difference in ease of use(${\alpha}=0.01$). And when the work intensity was high, fit factor, ease of breathing, and wearing convenience were all lower than when the work intensity was low. Conclusion: In Korea, it is necessary to consider consideration of the work intensity when testing the leakage rate of the face part for safety certification of the respiratory protective equipment, When developing a mask, it should be possible to maintain high adhesion even under intense, active situation and high temperature conditions by selecting materials, improving the wearing style, and expanding the adjustable range.