• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 고지방 고콜레스테롤 식이 흰쥐에서 뱀딸기풀 파우더가 간조직의 항산화작용에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 실험군을 4군으로 나누어 정상 식이군(N 군), 고지방 고콜레스테롤 식이군(HF 군), 고지방 고콜레스테롤 식이에 뱀딸기풀 파우더를 5% 첨가한 군(DA 군), 고지방 고콜레스테롤 식이에 뱀딸기풀 파우더를 10% 첨가한 군(DB 군)으로 나누었다. 식이 및 식수는 자유섭취하게 하였으며 4주간 사육한 후 희생시켰다. 간 조직 중의 항산화 효소계인 GSH-px 및 catalase 활성은 정상군(N 군)에 비해 HF 군에서는 유의적으로 감소되었으나 HF 군에 비해 뱀딸기풀 파우더 공급군(DA 및 DB 군)에서는 유의적으로 증가되었다. 유리기를 소거하는 지표인 간조직의 superoxide radical 함량을 microsome에서 측정한 결과 정상군에 비해 HF 군에서 유의적인 증가를 나타내었으나 뱀딸기풀 공급으로 유의하게 감소되었다. 또한 mitochondria에서는 HF 군에 비해 DB 군에서 정상군 수준으로 감소되어졌다. 간조직의 cytosol에서 $H_2O_2$의 함량에서는 DA 및 DB 군 모두에서 유의적인 감소로 정상군 수준을 나타내었다. 간조직의 microsome 및 mitochondria에서의 산화단백질 함량은 정상군에 비해 HF 군에서 유의적으로 증가 되었으나 뱀딸기풀 파우더의 공급으로 유의적으로 감소하였다. 과산화지질의 함량을 간조직에서 관찰 한 결과, 정상군에 비해 HF 군에서 유의적으로 증가하였고, 또한 고지방 고콜레스테롤 식이로 인해 증가된 과산화지질은 뱀딸기풀 파우더를 공급한 군에서 감소를 나타내었으며, 특히 10% 공급한 군에서 유의한 결과를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 뱀딸기풀에 함유된 여러 항산화성분들은 효과적으로 활성산소종을 소거하여 고지방 고콜레스테롤 식이로 인해 유발된 산화적 손상을 효과적으로 완화시켰을 것이라 사료되어진다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2014

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the richest sources of flavonoids in human diet. Onion peel contains over 20 times more quercetin than onion flesh. In this study, we studied the effects of onion peel water extract (OPE) on the blood lipid profiles in mice. The onion peel extracts was extracted with hot water. The experimental groups were divided with 3 groups (n = 6) of ICR male mice: normal diet + distilled water (NC), high-fat diet + distilled water (HF), high-fat diet + onion peel water extract 20 mg/kg (OPE-20). The oral administration was conducted daily. The experimental period was 7 weeks. Onion peel water extract showed higher concentration of polyphenol gallic acid and anti-oxidant trolox equivalent than the ethanol extract. The body weight gain and food efficiency ratio was significantly lower in the OPE-20 group as compared with HF group (p < 0.05). The epididymal fat and retroperitoneal fat showed significantly lower weights and sizes in the OPE-20 group as compared with HF group (p < 0.05). The serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly lower in the OPE-20 group as compared with HF group (p < 0.05). The OPE-20 group showed higher HDL cholesterol concentration than HF group (p < 0.05). Atherogenic index was ignificantly lower in as compared with HF group (p < 0.05). The serum levels of glucose, GOT and GPT were significantly lower in the OPE-20 group as compared with HF group (p < 0.05). In these results, we suggests that onion peel water extracts supplementation can reduces the serum lipid components and improves the lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic mice induced with a high-fat diet.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.245-249
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fermented capsicum and a capsicum product on lipid metabolism. Fermented capsicum was prepared from red pepper puree tov three months. After 9() days of fermentation, capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin concentrations were reduced from 24.7 and 14.7 g/mL to 15.5 and 6.45 g/mL, respectively. The capsicum product was prepared from the fermented capsicum mixed with prune extract, green tea extract, neroli extract and oligo-saccharide. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were as- signed to four dietary groups (control, high-fat control (BE-control), high-fat-fermented capsicum (HF-S-1), high- fat-capsicum product (HF-S-2)). Plasma and hepatic lipid profiles were examined after three weeks of experimental diet. Food intakes were significantly lower in the HF-S-1 and HF-S-2 groups compared to the control group (p<0.05). The weight of perirenal fat pads was lowest in animals on the control diet (low-fat) and highest in high-fat control diet. The addition of fermented capsicum to high fat diets, HF-S-1 and HE-S-2 groups, resulted in significantly lower fat pad weights compared with the HF-control group. Both fermented capsicum (HF-S-1) and the capsicum product (HF-S-2) groups had lower plasma TG levels, atherogenic-index, and liver TG levels than the BE-control group (p <0.05). Liver TC levels were significantly lower in the HF-S-2 group than the HF-control group. The results demonstrate a hypolipidemic effect of fermented capsicum and the fermented cap-sicum product.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.197-205
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the dietary effects of Monascus pilosus mycelial extract on obesity in high-fat with cholesterol-induced obese rat models. It was observed that M. pilosus mycelial extract contains $25.85{\pm}1.98mg%$ of total monacolin K without citrinin by highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The rats were randomly divided into 2 groups; normal control and a high-fat with cholesterol diet group. The high-fat with cholesterol diet group was fed a 5L79 diet with an added 15% lard and 1% cholesterol supplemented diet for 3 weeks for induction of obesity. After induction, obesity was confirmed by checking obesity indexes, the animals were divided into 4 groups (n=5); first, the normal control (NC), and then taken from the obese model of rats, a high-fat with cholesterol diet obesity control group (HF), 0.5% M. pilosus mycelial extract supplemented high-fat with cholesterol diet group (MPMs), 2% conjugated linoleic acid supplemented high-fat with cholesterol diet group (CLA) for 7 weeks. Body weight gains, obesity indexes, and body fat contents in the experimental groups (MPMs and CLA) were decreased compared with HF group. Feed Efficiency Ratio (FER) in MPMs was significantly lower than that of HF without change of feed intake. These results suggested that the anti-obesity effects of the M. pilosus mycelial extracts (MPMs) could prevent obesity induced by high-fat with cholesterol diet possibly via inhibition of lipid absorption.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.224-230
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate anti-oxidative and inflammatory inhibition effects of green tea and dietary fiber mixture on liver of high fat diet-induced obese rats. 21 male rats were divided into 3 dietary groups and control group (A), high fat diet-induced group (B), and high fat (HF) diet-induced + EQ diet-$S^{(R)}$ diet group (C). Immunoblotting and RT-PCR analysis revealed protein expression, and anti-oxidant analysis revealed MDA (malondialdehyde), GSH (glutathione), and free DPPH radical. As a results, Body weight and food consumption were not significantly different between groups. The levels of MDA and GSH were lower in HF + $EQS^{(R)}$ group than in HF group. Also, the $EQS^{(R)}$ demonstrated to be more effective than HF group for a DPPH radicals scavenging activities. In addition, protein and mRNA level of TNF-$\alpha$ in HF + $EQS^{(R)}$ group showed relatively more potent pro-inflammatory activity inhibition compared to HF group. These results suggest that green tea mixture (EQ diet-$S^{(R)}$) provide positive effects on anti-oxidative and inflammatory inhibition effects on obese animal model or obesity related diseases.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2015

BACKGROUD/OBEJECTIVES: The mechanism of how black garlic effects lipid metabolism remains unsolved. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the effects of black garlic on lipid profiles and the expression of related genes in rats fed a high fat diet. MATERIALS/METHODS: Thirty-two male Sqrague-Dawley rats aged 4 weeks were randomly divided into four groups (n=8) and fed the following diets for 5 weeks: normal food diet, (NF); a high-fat diet (HF); and a high-fat diet + 0.5% or 1.5% black garlic extract (HFBG0.5 or HFBG1.5). Body weights and blood biochemical parameters, including lipid profiles, and expressions of genes related to lipid metabolism were determined. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed in the final weights between the HFBG1.5 and HF groups. All blood biochemical parameters measured in the HFBG1.5 group showed significantly lower values than those in the HF group. Significant improvements of the plasama lipid profiles as well as fecal excretions of total lipids and triglyceride (TG) were also observed in the HFBG1.5 group, when compared to the HF diet group. There were significant differences in the levels of mRNA of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in the HFBG1.5 group compared to the HF group. In addition, the hepatic expression of (HMG-CoA) reductase and Acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) mRNA was also significantly lower than the HF group. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of black garlic extract lowers SREBP-1C mRNA expression, which causes downregulation of lipid and cholestrol metahbolism. As a result, the blood levels of total lipids, TG, and cholesterol were decreased.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.184-188
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• 2010

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of red pepper seeds powder on lipid metabolism in rats fed high fat high cholesterol diet. Rats were divided into five experimental groups: normal diet group, high fat high cholesterol diet group, high fat high cholesterol diet with 5% red pepper seeds powder supplemented group (SA group), high fat high cholesterol diet with 10% red pepper seeds powder supplemented group (SB group) and high fat high cholesterol diet with 15% red peeper seeds powder supplemented group (SC group). The serum triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol contents, and LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index (AI) of the red pepper seed powder supplemented groups were significantly decreased compared to the HF group. The serum HDL-cholesterol contents of the red pepper seed powder supplemented groups were increased compared to the HF group. However, there was no significant difference in the serum HDL-cholesterol among all experimental groups. The hepatic TG and cholesterol contents of the red pepper seed powder supplemented groups were significantly decreased compared to the HF group. The fecal total cholesterol and triglyceride contents of the red pepper seeds powder supplemented groups were significantly increased compared to the HF group. These results suggest that supplementation of red pepper seed powder may have a pronounced impact on markers of lipid metabolism in serum and liver of rats fed high fat high cholesterol diets.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.302-308
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 고지방·고콜레스테롤 식이 흰쥐에서 미나리 및 부추가 혈청 및 간조직의 지질대사에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 실험군을 5군으로 나누어 정상 식이군(N 군), 고지방·고콜레스테롤 식이군(HF 군), 고지방·고콜레스테롤 식이에 미나리를 5% 첨가한 군(OP 군), 고지방·고콜레스테롤 식이에 부추를 5% 첨가한 군(AP 군), 고지방·고콜레스테롤 식이에 미나리와 부추를 각각 2.5% 첨가한 군(OAP 군)으로 나누었다. 혈중의 중성지방 농도는 N 군에 비해 HF 군에서 유의적으로 증가하였다. HF 군에 비해 OP 및 AP 군에서 유의적이지는 않았지만 감소하는 경향을 나타내었고, 특히 OAP 군에서는 유의적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 혈중 총콜레스테롤 함량은 HF 군이 N 군에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였으며 미나리 및 부추 공급군에서 HF 군에 비해 유의적이지는 않지만 감소하였다. HDL-콜레스테롤은 함량은 HF 군에 비해 미나리 및 부추 공급군에서 증가하였고, 특히 OAP 군에서 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. LDL-콜레스테롤은 함량은 HF 군에 비해 OP 군과 OAP 군에서 유의적으로 감소되어졌다. AI의 경우 HF 군에서 유의적으로 증가하였고, HF 군에 비해 미나리 및 부추 공급군 모두에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 간조직의 중성지방 함량은 HF 군에 비해 미나리 및 부추 공급군에서 감소하였고, 특히 OAP 군에서 유의적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 간조직의 총 콜레스테롤 함량은 HF 군에 비해 미나리 및 부추 공급군 모두에서 유의적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 분변의 중성지방 및 총콜레스테롤의 함량은 N 군에 비해 HF 군에서 유의적으로 증가하였고, 미나리 및 부추의 공급군에서 HF 군에 비해 유의적으로 증가되어졌다. 또한 OP 군에 비해 AP 군 및 OAP 군에서 유의적인 증가경향을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과를 미루어 미나리 및 부추는 지질대사 조절에 효과적으로 작용되어질 수 있음을 시사하였으며, 특히 미나리와 부추의 복합공급은 이러한 체내 지질조절에 상승효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.649-654
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• 2009

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of high-carbohydrate (HC) or high-fat (HF) diet with hydroxycitric acid (HCA)-containing Garcinia cambogia in rats. Seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 7 groups and raised with experimental diets containing different HCA levels (0, 1.6, and 3.2%) and calorie sources (carbohydrate, fat) for 8 weeks. Energy intake was significantly reduced in rats fed a HC diet with HCA compared to the HC diet without HCA. Body weight gain was significantly reduced in HCA groups. In the diet groups, plasma total lipid and triglyceride (TG) levels of the HCA groups were significantly lower than those of the group without HCA. There were no significant differences in energy intake and plasma lipid profile in HF groups. These results suggest that HC diet with HCA was more effective in the reduction of energy intake, body weight gain, and plasma lipid contents than those of HF diet with HCA.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2015

Chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with obesity. This study investigated effect of high hydrostatic pressure extract of red ginseng (HRG) on inflammation in rats with high-fat (HF) diet induced obesity. Male, Sprague-Dawley rats (80~110 g) were randomly divided into two groups, and fed a 45% HF diet (HF) and a 45% HF diet containing 1.5% HRG (HF+HRG) for 14 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the serum leptin level was reduced by the HRG supplementation. The mRNA expression of genes related to adipogenesis including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and adipocyte protein 2 was down-regulated in the white adipose tissue (WAT). The mRNA levels of major inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and interleukin-6 were remarkably down-regulated by the HRG in WAT. These results suggest that HRG might be beneficial in ameliorating the inflammation-associated health complications by suppressing adipogenic and pro-inflammatory gene expression.