• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제47권2호
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 2015

High loading of base paper is regarded as one of reasons to aggravate fold cracking of coated paper. But the relationship between the ash content of base paper and fold cracking of coated paper has not been shown yet. We investigated the effect of ash content in base paper on the fold cracking of coated paper. Handsheets with three different ash contents (19.5-23.5%) were prepared, and double layered coating were applied on the top side of the handsheets. A gravimetric water retention meter (AA-GWR) was employed to fold the paper with a uniform pressure after solid printing on the coated surface. The fold cracking was digitized by calculating the cracked area by means of an image analysis technique. Results suggested that high ash content in the base paper increased the fold cracking of the outer surface of coated papers. In the case of inner surface greater fold crack areas were obtained, and the number of cracks decreased because long and wide cracks were formed. Reduction in tensile strength and thickness appeared to give greater fold cracking for highly loaded papers.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.35-41
• /
• 1998

The $WS_2$ solid lubricant synthesized through the vapour phase transport method was coated on the commercial bearing steel (SUJ 2) substrate, and the tribological behaviour of the lubricant was investigated using a ball-on-disk type tester. The $WS_2$ powder was spray-coated at room temperature using compressed air, and the change of friction coefficient was examined in various conditions, i.e., specimen configuration, atmosphere (air and nitrogen), applied load and rotating speed. $WS_2$ coated ball and disk showed the optimum friction coefficient of 0.07 and wear life of 45,000 cycles in the nitrogen atmosphere under 0.3 kgf and 100 rpm, whereas relatively high coefficient of 0.13 and reduced wear life of 4,000 cycles were observed in air atmosphere. The effect of rotating speed on the friction coefficient was not observed both in nitrogen and in air atmospheres. This confirmed that the spray-coated $WS_2$ solid lubricant was effective in reducing the friction coefficient and improving wear life in nitrogen atmosphere, and the oxygen and moisture existing in air could seriously deteriorate the lubrication effect of $WS_2$ coating layer.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2018

국내외에서는 $CO_2$ 저감 및 에너지 효율 증대에 관심의 초점이 되고 있으며 건설 분야 에서도 저탄소 녹색 성장을 위한 노력이 급증하고 있는 실정이다. 특히 FRP는 경량, 고강도, 고내구성 특성을 보유한 신소재로서 최근 국내외에서 제3의 건설소재로 대두되고 있다. 그러나 아직까지 터널이나 아치형 교량 등에 활용가능한 곡면형 FRP 건설자재에 대한 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않고 있으며 현재까지 곡면 구조재에 대한 연구는 프리캐스트 콘크리트에 대한 연구가 주를 이루고 있는 실정이다. 복합소재 패널 축소실험체는 실대형 실험체에 비하여 크기가 작기 때문에 다양한 실험을 수행 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 FRP 부재로만 구성된 중공형, FRP 부재에 콘크리트를 채운 단일 중실형과, 길이방향 연결부를 가지는 연결부 중실형, 그리고 FRP 부재와 콘크리트간의 부착력을 향상시킨 규사코팅 중실형에 대하여 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과 길이 방향 연결부를 이용하여 복합소재 곡면패널을 결합할 경우에도 단일 부재와 거의 동등한 성능을 보인다고 판단된다. 하지만 실험체의 파괴시 가장 취약한 연결부에서 우선 파괴가 발생하기 때문에 향후 연결부 보강이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.346.2-346.2
• /
• 2014

To use the GaN based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as solid state lighting sources, the improvement of light extraction and internal quantum efficiency is essential factors for high brightness LEDs. In this study, we suggested the new materials system of a zinc tin oxide (ZTO) layer formed on blue LED epi-structures to improve the light extraction. ZTO is a representative n-type oxide material consisted of ZnO and SnO system. Moreover, ZTO is one of the promising oxide semiconductor material. Even though ZTO has higher chemical stability than IGZO owing to its SnO2 content this has high mobility and high reliability. After formation of ZTO layer on p-GaN layer by using the spin coating method, structural and optical properties are investigated. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement results show the successful formation of ZTO. The photoluminescence (PL) and absorption spectrum shows that it has 3.6-4.1eV band gap. Finally, the light extraction properties of ZTO/LED chip using electroluminescence (EL) measurement were investigated. The experimental and theoretical analyses were simultaneously conducted.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제62권1호
• /
• pp.105-111
• /
• 2024

SLA (Stereo Lithography Apparatus) 방식은 액체 상태의 광경화성 레진(Resin)이 자외선 레이저에 닿으면 고체가 되는 원리를 활용한 3D 프린팅 방식으로 다양한 분야에서의 활용도가 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이 SLA 3D 프린팅 출력물의 표면 특성 중 소수성과 투명도를 개선하여 미세 유체 시스템의 제작에 활용하기 위한 기초 연구를 수행하였다. SLA 출력물은 소수성 코팅 방법을 이용해 표면 소수성의 특성을 개선할 수 있었으나, 소수성 코팅 방법의 종류에 따라 다양한 환경에서의 코팅 유지력은 차이를 보였다. 또한, 미세 유체 시스템의 제작에 요구되는 충분한 투명도와 소수성의 특성을 함께 확보하기 위해 선행된 연구에서 제안한 투명도 확보 방법에 소수성 코팅을 적용하여 접촉각의 변화를 비교하였다. Teflon 코팅법이 이산화 티타늄 코팅법과 비교하여 우수한 투명도의 확보가 가능하며, 다양한 환경에 노출되었을 때 높은 코팅의 유지력을 가져 미세 유체 시스템의 제작에 활용되기에 적합한 소수성 코팅법으로 제안되었다. 마지막으로 본 연구를 통해 제안된 미세 유체 시스템의 제작에 적합한 소수성 코팅 방법인 Teflon 코팅법 중 Fluoropel 800을 이용하여 디지털 미세 유체 시스템 중 하나인 액적 접촉 충전 현상(Electrophoresis of Charged Droplet, ECD) 칩을 SLA 3D 프린팅으로 제작, 액적의 조작을 성공적으로 시연함으로써 SLA 3D 프린팅 기술의 미세 유체 시스템의 제작에 활용 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.266-270
• /
• 2014

Metal foams have a cellular structure consisting of a solid metal containing a large volume fraction of pores. In particular, open, penetrating pores are necessary for industrial applications such as in high temperature filters and as a support for catalysts. In this study, Fe foam with above 90% porosity and 2 millimeter pore size was successfully fabricated by a slurry coating process and the pore properties were characterized. The Fe and $Fe_2O_3$ powder mixing ratios were controlled to produce Fe foams with different pore size and porosity. First, the slurry was prepared by uniform mixing with powders, distilled water and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA). After slurry coating on the polyurethane(PU) foam, the sample was dried at $80^{\circ}C$. The PVA and PU foams were then removed by heating at $700^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours. The debinded samples were subsequently sintered at $1250^{\circ}C$ with a holding time of 3 hours under hydrogen atmosphere. The three dimensional geometries of the obtained Fe foams with an open cell structure were investigated using X-ray micro CT(computed tomography) as well as the pore morphology, size and phase. The coated amount of slurry on the PU foam were increased with $Fe_2O_3$ mixing powder ratio but the shrinkage and porosity of Fe foams were decreased with $Fe_2O_3$ mixing powder ratio.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.212-219
• /
• 2019

This paper reviews recent approaches to develop composite polymer-containing coatings by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) using various low-molecular fractions of superdispersed polytetrafluoroethylene (SPTFE). The features of the unique approaches to form the composite polymer-containing coating on the surface of MA8 magnesium alloy were summarized. Improvement in the corrosion and tribological behavior of the polymer-containing coating can be attributed to the morphology and insulating properties of the surface layers and solid lubrication effect of the SPTFE particles. Such multifunctional coatings have high corrosion resistance ($R_p=3.0{\times}10^7{\Omega}cm^2$) and low friction coefficient (0.13) under dry wear conditions. The effect of dispersity and ${\xi}$-potential of the nanoscale materials ($ZrO_2$ and $SiO_2$) used as electrolyte components for the plasma electrolytic oxidation on the composition and properties of the coatings was investigated. Improvement in the protective properties of the coatings with the incorporated nanoparticles was explained by the greater thickness of the protective layer, relatively low porosity, and the presence of narrow non-through pores. The impedance modulus measured at low frequency for the zirconia-containing layer (${\mid}Z{\mid}_{f=0.01Hz}=1.8{\times}10^6{\Omega}{\cdot}cm^2$) was more than one order of magnitude higher than that of the PEO-coating formed in the nanoparticles-free electrolyte (${\mid}Z{\mid}_{f=0.01Hz}=5.4{\times}10^4{\Omega}{\cdot}cm^2$).

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제40권5호
• /
• pp.60-69
• /
• 2008

The principal reasons for applying a pigment coating to paper are to improve appearance and printability. The pigment coating provides a surface that is more uniform and more receptive to printing ink than are the uncoated fibers and, in turn, both facilitates the printing process and enhances the graphic reproduction. The improvement in print quality is readily apparent, especially in image areas or when multiple colors are involved. Although pigment coating of paper is to improve the printability, coated paper is not completely free from printing defects. Actually there are a number printing defects that are observed only with the coated papers. Among the printing defects that are commonly observed for coated papers, print mottle during multi-color offset printing is one of the most concerned defects, and it appears not only on solid tone area but also half dot print area. There are four main causes of print mottle ranging from printing inks, dampening solution, paper, and printing press or its operation. These indicates that almost every factors associated with lithographic printing can cause print mottle. Among these variation of paper quality influences most significantly on print mottle problems in multicolor offset printing, and this indicates that paper is most often to be blamed for its product deficiency as far as print mottle problems are concerned. Furthermore, most of the print mottle problems associated with paper is observed when coated papers are printed. Uncoated papers rarely show mottling problems. This indicates that print mottle is the most serious quality problems of coated paper products. Overcoming the print mottle is becoming more difficult because the operating speeds of coating and printing machines are increasing, coating weights are decreasing, and the demands on high-quality printing are increasing. Print mottle in offset printing is caused by (a) nonuniform back trap of ink caused by a nonuniform rate of ink drying, referred as "back trap mottle, and (b) nonuniform absorption of the dampening solution. Furthermore, both forms of print mottle have some relationship to the structure of the coated layer. The surest way of eliminating ink mottling is to eliminate unevenness in the base paper. Coating solutions, often easier to put into practice, should, however, be considered. In this paper the principal factors influencing print mottle of coated papers will be discussed. Especially the importance of base paper roughness, binder migration, even consolidation of coating layers, control of the drying rate, types of binders, etc. will be described.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.37-46
• /
• 2001

가식성 코팅 처리가 신선절단 배의 품질특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 단백질 소재인 albumin, 탄수화물 소재인 dextrin, 지질 소재인 SPE(Sucrose polyester) 그리고 WSF(Whole soy flour)를 코팅재료로 선택하여 일정 농도로 조제한 코팅용액을 배를 dipping하여 코팅처리 한 후 $4^{\circ}C$에서 10일간 저장하면서 품질변화를 측정하였다. 중량감소율은 모든 코팅 처리구에서 대조구에 비해 억제되었다. 배의 경우는 2% dexrin 및 1% WSF 및 1% albumin 및 3% dextrin 코팅처리가 효과적이었다. $\Delta$E 값은 코팅처리 후 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 증가하는 경향이었으며 코팅재료에 따른 뚜렷한 차이를 나타나지 않았다. 과육의 경도는 1% 및 2% dextrin 처리구를 제외한 모든 처리구에서 대조구와 같이 높은 경도를 유지하고 있었으며 저장 5일 후에는 경도가 큰 폭으로 감소하는 경향이었다. 총 산도는 코팅처리 후 저장 중 감소하며 pH는 증가하는 경향이었으며 코팅처리에 의해 그 변과학 다소 억제되었으나 처리구에 따른 뚜렷한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 가용성 고형분의 함량은 저장 기간동안 뚜렷한 변화가 없었으며 vitamin C의 함량은 큰 차이가 없었다. 코팅 재료의 농도에 따른 관능평가 결과 0.5% albumin, 4% dextrin, 1.0% SPE, 0.5% WSF 처리구가 좋은 성적을 나타내었으며 그 중 4% dextrin 처리구가 모든 항목에서 가장 좋은 평점을 기록하였다. 가식성 코팅 처리한배의 호흡속도를 측정한 결과 dextrin 및 WSF 처리구에서 이산화탄소의 발생량이 낮게 나타나 호흡이 억제되었다. 이상의 결과에서 배의 코팅에 사용한 소재 중 과실의 중량 및 갈변억제 측면에서는 2-3% dextrin, 당, 산 비타민 등 성분 및 경도유지 측면에서는 1% albumin, 그리고 관능적 특성에서는 4% dextrin 처리구가 가장 양호한 것으로 여겨졌다.

• 폴리머
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.587-591
• /
• 2013

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT)은 높은 전기 전도도, 광학적 투과성 및 좋은 화학적 안정성을 가지고 있는 반면 낮은 물리화학적 물성을 가지고 있다. 본 연구의 목적으로 PEDOT의 내용제성 및 필름경도와 같은 물리화학적 특성을 향상시키고자 하였다. 음이온성 수성폴리우레탄(WPU)이 가지는 카르복실기는 아지리딘 존재 하에서 효과적인 가교반응이 일어나 물리화학적 특성이 개선된 WPU/PEDOT 혼성 전도성 박막을 제조할 수 있다. 다양한 WPU 및 고형분 함량별로 WPU/PEDOT 유기-유기 혼성 박막을 제조하여 전기적/물리화학적 특성을 비교하였다. 고형분 함량이 증가할수록 투과율과 표면저항은 감소하였다. WPU/PEDOT 혼성 전도성 박막의 연필경도와 내용제성이 WPU가 가지는 카르복실기의 가교반응에 인해 효과적으로 증가하였다.