• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2020

The presence of high amounts of seed storage proteins (SSPs) improves the overall quality of soybean seeds. However, these SSPs pose a major limitation due to their high abundance in soybean seeds. Although various technical advancements including mass-spectrometry and bioinformatics resources were reported, only limited information has been derived to date on soybean seeds at proteome level. Here, we applied a tandem mass tags (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic analysis to identify the significantly modulated proteins in the seeds of two soybean cultivars showing varying protein contents. This approach led to the identification of 5,678 proteins of which 13 and 1,133 proteins showed significant changes in Daewon (low-protein content cultivar) and Saedanbaek (high-protein content cultivar) respectively. Functional annotation revealed that proteins with increased abundance in Saedanbaek were mainly associated with the amino acid and protein metabolism involved in protein synthesis, folding, targeting, and degradation. Taken together, the results presented here provide a pipeline for soybean seed proteome analysis and contribute a better understanding of proteomic changes that may lead to alteration in the protein contents in soybean seeds.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.171-180
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• 2016

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent liver diseases associated with an altered lifestyle, besides genetic factors. The control and management of NAFLD mostly depend on lifestyle modifications, due to the lack of a specific therapeutic approach. In this context, we assessed the effect of carrot juice on the development of high fructose-induced hepatic steatosis. For this purpose, male weanling Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups, fed either a control (Con) or high fructose (HFr) diet of AIN93G composition, with or without carrot juice (CJ) for 8 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, plasma biochemical markers, such as triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase, and ${\beta}$-hydroxy butyrate levels were comparable among the 4 groups. Although, the liver injury marker, aspartate aminotransferase, levels in plasma showed a reduction, hepatic triglycerides levels were not significantly reduced by carrot juice ingestion in the HFr diet-fed rats (HFr-CJ). On the other hand, the key triglyceride synthesis pathway enzyme, hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), expression at mRNA level was augmented by carrot juice ingestion, while their protein levels showed a significant reduction, which corroborated with decreased monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), particularly palmitoleic (C16:1) and oleic (C18:1) acids. Notably, it also improved the long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6) content of the liver in HFr-CJ. In conclusion, carrot juice ingestion decreased the SCD1-mediated production of MUFA and improved DHA levels in liver, under high fructose diet-fed conditions. However, these changes did not significantly lower the hepatic triglyceride levels.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.369-373
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• 2012

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)는 체내 에너지 수준을 감지하고 당과 지방의 대사를 조절하는 인자로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 에너지 센서로서 AMPK의 역할은 심혈관계 및 비만과 당뇨 등의 대사성 질환에 밀접한 관계가 있다. 영양적 관점에서 AMPK는 지방산의 합성 및 분해를 통해 간에서 지방대사 조절에 중요한 역할을 한다. 특히 근육의 경우 glucose 흡수를 관장하며, 근육세포 내 glucose의 유입을 증가 시킨다. 하지만, AMPK의 활성이 대사기질의 흡수와 이용에 미치는 영향에 대한 정확한 기전은 아직까지 불분명하다. 또한 영양적 수준 차이에 따른 AMPK의 활성이 단백질 합성에 미치는 영향은 아직 보고된 바 없다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 C2C12 myotube에서 AMPK 활성물로 알려진 5-aminoimidazole-4-carbozamide-1-${\beta}$-D-ribonucleoside (AICAR)가 glucose 농도차이에 따른 AMPK 활성과 단백질함량에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위함이다. 배양된 C2C12 근육세포에서 AICAR는 glucose의 함량에 관계없이 AMPK를 활성화 시켰다. 단백질 농도는 낮은 수준 (LG)에 비해 높은 수준의 glucose (HG)가 처리된 myotube에서 증가되었고, AICAR에 의해 그 효과는 더욱 증대 되었다. C2C12 myotube에서 HG 처리는 AMPK와 acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC)의 인산화에 영향을 주지 않았지만, LG의 처리로 인해 AMPK와 ACC의 인산화가 증가되었다 (p<0.05). 또한, AICAR (2mM)의 처리는 glucose의 수준과는 관계없이 AMPK와 ACC의 인산화를 증가시켰다. 총 단백질 수준은 HG 처리에 의해 증가 되었고, 이는 AICAR의 처리에 의해서 더 높게 증가되었다. Proteasome 활성은 HG 처리구에서 LG에 비해 7.5% 낮게 나타났고, AICAR 처리는 proteasome 활성을 LG와 HG 처리구에서 각각 63%와 54% 감소 시켰다. Glucose의 수준은 mTOR의 인산화 수준에 영향을 주지 않았다. 하지만, AICAR는 LG 처리구에서 만 mTOR의 인산화 수준을 유의적으로 증가시켰고, HG 처리구에는 mTOR에 영향을 주지 않았다. 따라서, glucose 처리는 단백질을 proteasome으로부터 보호 하거나, glucose가 AMPK의 단백질 합성 저해 기능을 방해하여 세포내 단백질 합성을 중가 시키는 것으로 사료 된다. 결론적으로, 영양적 수준에 의해 AMPK 활성 및 단백질 합성과 분해가 조절된다는 것을 의미한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.871-880
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• 1999

The effects of dry roasting (110, 130, $150^{\circ}C$ for 15, 30, 45 min) on potential ruminant protein nutritional values in terms of: a), rumen bypass protein (BCP); b), rumen bypass starch (BST); c), fermented organic matter (FOM); d), true absorbed bypass protein (ABCP); e) microbial protein synthesized in the rumen based on available energy (E_MP); f), microbial protein synthesized in the rumen based on available nitrogen (N_MP); g), true protein supplied to the small intestine (TPSI); h), true absorbed rumen synthesized microbial protein (AMP); i), endogenous protein losses (ENDP); j), true digested protein in the small intestine (DVE); k), degraded protein balance (OEB) of whole lupin seeds (WLS) and faba beans (WFB) were evaluated by the new Dutch DV/OEB protein evaluation system. Dry roasting significantly increased BCP, BST, TPSI, ABCP, DVE (p<0.001) and decreased FOM, E_MP, AMP, N_MP and OEB (p<0.001) with increasing temperatures and times except that when temperature was at $110^{\circ}C$. The values of BCP, BST, TPSI, ABCP and DVE at $150^{\circ}C/45min$ for WLS and WFB were increased 2.2, 3.7; -, 2.0; 1.7, 1.7; 2.3, 3.7 and 1.7, 1.7 times and the values of FOM, E_MP, AMP, N_MP and OEB at $150^{\circ}C/45min$ for WLS and WFB were decreased by 15.3, 25.8; 18.1, 25.8; 18.7, 25.8; 54.6, 41.6 and 82.3% 54.7%, respectively, over the raw WLS and WFB. The results indicated that though dry roasting reduced microbial protein synthesis due to reducing FOM, TPSI didn't decrease but highly increased due to increasing BCP more than enough for compensation of the microbial protein decreasing. Therefore the net absorbable DVE in the small intestine was highly increased. The OEB values were significantly reduced for both WLS and WFB but not to the level of negative. It indicated that microbial protein synthesis might not be impaired due to the sufficient N supplied in the rumen, but the high positive OEB values in the most treatments except of $150^{\circ}C$ for 30 and 45 min of WLS (The OEB values: 54.8 and 26.0 g/kg DM) indicated that there were the large amounts of N loss in the rumen. It was concluded that dry roasting at high temperature was effective in shifting protein degradation from rumen to intestines and it increased the DVE values without reaching the negative OEB values. No optimal treatment was found in WLS due to the too high OEB values in all treatments. But dry roasting at $150^{\circ}C$ for 30 and 45 min might be optimal treatments for WLS due to the very lower OEB values.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.49-53
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• 1974

장려품종이며 온대형질(溫帶形質)인 진흥(振興)과 열대형질(熱帶形質)인 다수성(多收性) 신품종(新品種) IR 667을 사용(使用)하여 수경(水耕)에서 고(高)(50 또는 80ppm) 저(低)(10 또는 40ppm)의 질소수준(窒素水準) 또는 2주간질소(二週間窒素) 결제(缺除)(최분기(最分期)와 출수기(出穗期))에 의(依)한 질소대사상(窒素代謝上)의 차이(差異)를 비교(比較) 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果) 다음과 같다. 1. 수경(水耕)에서 진흥(振興)은 고농도(高濃度)에서 수량(收量)이 크고 IR 667은 저농도(低濃度)에서 크다. 2. IR 667은 고농도(高濃度)에서 암모늄 독작용(毒作用)을 받아 감수(減收)된 것 같고 이것은 질소결제(窒素缺除)로 방지(防止)었다. 3. IR 667은 진흥(振興)보다 질소환경(窒素環境)의 변화(變化)에 감수성(感受性)이 크다. 4. 진흥(振興)은 고농도(高濃度)에서 질소흡수력(室素吸收力)과 단백합성력(蛋白合成力)이 IR 667 보다 우열(優熱)하나 저농도(低濃度)에서는 이와 반대(反對)였다. 5. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)로 진흥(振興)은 대사적내비성(代謝的耐肥性) 크고 IR667은 구조적내비성(構造的耐肥性)이 큰 것으로 보이며 이상적(理想的) 생산적(生産的) 내비성(耐肥性)은 이 두 품종(品種)의 내비성(耐肥性)의 결합형(結合型)으로 보인다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.3279-3284
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• 2012

Poly(benzimidazole-co-benzoxazole)s (PBI-co-PBO) are synthesized by polycondensation reaction with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine, terephthalic acid and 3,3'-dihydroxybenzidine or 4,6-diaminoresorcinol in polyphosphoric acid (PPA). All polymer membranes are prepared by the direct casting method (in-situ fabrication). The introduction of benzoxazole units (BO units) into a polymer backbone lowers the basic property and $H_3PO_4$ doping level of the copolymer membranes, resulting in the improvement of mechanical strength. The proton conductivity of $H_3PO_4$ doped PBI-co-PBO membranes decrease as a result of adding amounts of BO units. The maximum tensile strength reaches 4.1 MPa with a 10% molar ratio of BO units in the copolymer. As a result, the $H_3PO_4$ doped PBI-co-PBO membranes could be utilized as alternative proton exchange membranes in high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.548-553
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• 1999

A production of $\beta-Carotene$was attempted in a fed-batch culture of Blakeslea trispora by controlling both foam and dissolved oxygen in the presence of surfactant, Span 20. Results obtained from the shake flask cultures indicated that a high concentration of dissolved oxygen was needed for both cell growth and $\beta-Carotene$ synthesis, and the optimal concentration of glucose was found to be in the range of 50-100 g/l. In order to maintain the dissolved oxygen concentration level at higher than 50% of air saturation, pure oxygen was automatically sparged into the medium with air. Foam was controlled by bypassing air from the submerged aeration to the headspace in response to the foam that was caused by Span 20. High agitation speed was found to be detrimental to the cell growth due to shear damage, even though it provided sufficient dissolved oxygen. On the other hand, a low aeration speed caused stagnant regions in the fermentor because of improper mixing. Thus, for the fed-batch operation, agitation speed was increased gradually from 300 to 700 rpm to prevent cell damage at the initial stage of fermentation and to give efficient mixing for a viscous culture broth as the culture proceeded. By controlling dissolved oxygen and foam, a high concentration of $\beta-Carotene$otene (1,190 mg/l) was obtained in 6 days of the fed-batch culture of B. trispora with 2.5% of the dry cell weight, which was approximately 5 times higher than that of the batch cultures.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.401-406
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• 2012

When viewed using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, invasive materials inside the human body, in many cases, severely distort the MR image of human tissues. The degree of the MR image distortion increases in proportion not only to the difference in the susceptibility between the invasive material and the human tissue, but also to the intensity of the magnetic field induced by the MRI system. In this study, by blending paramagnetic Ti particles with diamagnetic graphite, we synthesized $Ti_{100-x}C_x$ composites that can reduce the artifact in the MR image under the high-strength magnetic field. Of the developed composites, $Ti_{70}C_{30}$ showed the magnetic susceptibility of ${\chi}=67.6{\times}10^{-6}$, which corresponds to 30% of those of commercially available Ti alloys, the lowest reported in the literature. The level of the MR image distortion in the vicinity of the $Ti_{70}C_{30}$ composite insert was nearly negligible even under the high magnetic field of 4.7 T. In this paper, we reported on a methodology of designing new structural materials for bio-applications, their synthesis, experimental confirmation and measurement of MR images.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.46-59
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Aster yomena (Kitam.) Honda (AY) has remarkable bioactivities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-cancer activities. On the other hand, the effects of AY against obesity-induced insulin resistance have not been reported. Therefore, this study examined the potential of AY against obesity-associated insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: An obesity model was established by feeding C57BL/6J mice a 60% HFD for 16 weeks. The C57BL6/When ethyl acetate fraction from AY (EFAY) at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg/day was administered orally to mice fed a HFD for the last 4 weeks. Normal and control groups were administered water orally. The body weight and fasting blood glucose were measured every week. Dietary intake was measured every other day. After dissection, blood and tissues were collected from the mice. RESULTS: The administration of EFAY reduced body and organ weights significantly compared to HFD-fed control mice. The EFAY-administered groups also improved the serum lipid profile by decreasing the triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein compared to the control group. In addition, EFAY ameliorated the insulin resistance-related metabolic dysfunctions, including the fasting blood glucose and serum insulin level, compared to the HFD-fed control mice. The EFAY inhibited lipid synthesis and insulin resistance by down-regulation of hepatic fatty acid synthase and up-regulation of the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. EFAY also reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver, indicating that EFAY protected hepatic injury induced by obesity. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that EFAY improved obesity-associated insulin resistance by regulating the lipid and glucose metabolism, suggesting that AY could be used as a functional food to prevent obesity and insulin resistance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.1245-1251
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• 2006

This study was carried out to determine the genetic relationships among seven west African goat breeds : Casamance Goat (Kolda, Senegal), Labe Goat (Fouta Djallon, Guinea), three Sahel Goat (Djoloff, Senegal ; Maradi, Niger; Gorgol, Mauritania) red Sokoto Goat (Maradi, Niger) and Guera goat (Atar, Mauritania).The polymorphism of six microsatellites and the ${\alpha}_{s1}$-casein locus was analysed. The six microsatellite loci were polymorphic with a mean number of alleles ranging from 2.71 to 4.0. At the ${\alpha}_{s1}$-casein locus, A and B were the most frequent alleles, which are known to be associated with a high level of protein synthesis. A neighbour-joining tree and a Principal Component Analysis were performed and the reliability of both methods was tested. Our study shows that the genetic relationships among the breeds analysed correspond to their geographical distribution and in addition, that the Labe Goat is strongly separated from the other breeds. Among the seven markers used, four have an effect on the distribution of breeds while three seem to be non-informative.