• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.223-226
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• 2006

It can formulate a basic concept to the study on styles of drawing on animation which is influenced by styles of drawing on comic. Especially the transferability of comic and eel animation have high possibility because they have common part as drawing, continuity of imagery and narrative, in spit of the differentiation with comic for spatial and animation for temporal. So the study on comic drawing styles are inevitable check point for investigating it's animation. To analyse of the style of animation drawing, can be employed the styles of comic drawing. For a case study, comic authors and their works is utilized for establishing basic concept of transferring comic to animation with the influence of drawing styles to animation and than it will apply to classify and analyse animation by them. The consequence of this study, it can be sorted in the three areas that are the cheerful comic, the drama, the boy-meets-girl comic. and can be proved that the close relationship of comic and animation. Among three aspects, a boy-meets-girl comic can not be detected in any selected animations. The presumption of this result that can be apply to the general idea which is a rare case to use in animation. Also to use partly cheerful comic to drama style as different drawing styles is for elucidating the effect of intending isolation with the play theory of Bertolt Brecht and empathizing dramatical situation through the disparity of emotion. This study is to investigate on the influence of the drawing style of comics in animation, and can provide the basic ideas of inter-relation of media through drawing styles study with the concept of hybrid.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.47-52
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• 2008

This investigation was performed in order to study the properties of deposition and layers by Silicon Dioxide, SiO2, as dielectric onto Via and Trench which have high Aspect Ratio (AR). Thus, in order to confirm these properties, three types of CVD, which were PECVD, PETEOS, and ALD, were selected. On the experiment each of the property sections was estimated that step overage of PECVD: <30%, PETEOS: 45%, ALD: 75% and the RSM of PECVD: 27.8 nm, PETEOS: 2.1 nm, ALD: <2.0 nm. As a result of this experiment for the property of electric film, ALD was valuated to be the most favorable outcome. However, ALD was valuated to have the least quality for the deposition rate. ALD deposition rate, $10\;\AA/min$ by $1\;\AA$/1cycle, was prominently lower than PETEOS, which had the deposition rate of $5000\;\AA$/min. Since electric film requires at least $1000\;\AA$ thicknesses, ALD was not suitable for the deposition rate. which is the most important component in a practical use. Therefore, in this particular study, PETEOS was evaluated to be the most suitable recipe.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.183-190
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• 2001

Objective: Recently, microdissection of tissue sections has been used increasingly for the isolation of morphologically identified homogeneous cell populations, thus overcoming the obstacle of tissue complexity for the analysis cell-specific expression of macromolecules. The aim of the present study was to establish the minimal conditions required for the RNA extraction and amplification from the cells captured by the laser captured microdissection. Methods : Mouse ovaries were fixed and cut into serial sections (7 im thickness). Oocytes were captured by laser captured microdissection (LCM) method by using PixCell $II^{TM}$ system. The frozen sections were fixed in 70% ethanol and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, while the paraffin sections were stained with Multiple stain. Sections were dehydrated in graded alcohols followed by xylene and air-dried for 20 min prior to LCM. All reactions were performed in ribonuclease free solutions to prevent RNA degradation. After LCM, total RNA extraction from the captured oocytes was performed using the guanidinium isothiocyanate (GITC) solution, and subsequently evaluated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Results: With the frozen sections, detection of the GAPDH mRNA expression in the number of captured 25 oocytes were not repeatable, but the expression was always detectable from 50 oocytes. With 25 oocytes, at least 27 PCR cycles were required, whereas with 50 oocytes, 21 cycles were enough to detect GA PDH expression. Amount of the primary cDNA required for RT-PCR was reduced down to at least 0.25 $\grave{i}$ l with 50 oocytes, thus the resting 19.75 il cDNA can be used for the testing other interested gene expression. Tissue-to-slide, tissue-to-tissue forces were very high in the paraffin sections, thus the greater number of cell procurement was required than the frozen sections. Conclusion: We have described a method for analyzing gene expression at the RNA level with the homogeneously microdissected cells from the small amount of tissues with complexity. We found that LCM coupled with RT-PCR could detect housekeeping gene expression in 50 oocytes captured. This technique can be easily applied for the study of gene expression with the small amount of tissues.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.2 s.75
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• pp.213-218
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• 2006

The study of genetic diversity and population structure was carried out in the Codium fragile using allozyme analysis. Although this species has been regarded as a ecologically and economically important source, there is no report on population structure in Korea. Starch gel electrophoresis was used to investigate the allozyme variation and genetic structure of four Korean populations of this species. Of the 15 genetic loci surveyed, nine (60.0%) was polymorphic in at least one population. Genetic diversity was high at the species level ($H_{ES}$=0.144), and, that of the population level was relatively low ($H_{EP}$=0.128). Nearly 87% of the total genetic diversity in C. fragile was apportioned within populations. The predominant asexual reproduction, population fragmentation, low fecundity, geographic isolation and colonization process are proposed as possible factors contributing to low genetic diversity in this species. The indirect estimated of gene flow based on $G_{ST}$ was 1.69. The moderate level of gene flow in C. fragile populations is mainly caused by thallus developed from isolated utricles dispersal via sea current.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.257-262
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• 2005

To develop natural food preservatives, ethanol and water extracts were prepared from chestnut. Antimicrobial activities were examined about 10 microoganisms which were food-borne pathogens and food-poisoning microoganisms, food-related bacteria and yeasts. Ethanol extract exhibited the antimicrobial activity for the microoganisms tested, except lactic acid bacteria and yeast Especially, minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC) of the ethanol extracts were determined as 0.5 mg/mL in chestnut leaf and 1.0 mg/mL in chestnut balk against bacteria. Antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extracts was not destroyed by the heating at $121^{\circ}C$ for 15 min, and not affected by pH $3{\sim}9$. The ethanol, extract of chestnut exhibiting the high antimicrobial activities was fractionated in the other of diethylether and butanol fractions. The highest antimicrobial activity against bacteria was shown in the ethanol fraction.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 1972

A kind of peptide which posseses an yeaststatic activity was isolated from Astragalus membranaceus Bunge and following characteristics was obtained. 1. The isoelectric pH of this peptide was 8.2 and histidine, an alkaline amino acid, was identified from this peptide. 2. This substance showes conspicuous heat stability and does not indicate any remarkable reduction of yeaststatic activity even for 5 hours treatment at $100^{\circ}C$. or for 30 minutes at $121^{\circ}C$. 3. The inhibitory activity of the yeast growth is not originated from the yeastcidal action but yeaststatic effect of this sample. 4. The sample shows strong stability ranging from pH 2 to 10. 5. The saccharide; glucose, sucrose, maltose, gives no effect on the yeaststatic activity of the sample even high concentration, 15 percent, and also no effect gives by magnesium, calcium and phosphate salts. 6. The available concentration of this sample on the inhibition of yeast growth was located at the ppm extent, for example, the concentration of fifty percent growth inhibition to Saccharomyces cerevisiae or S. carsbergensis was 4 ppm and 3 ppm to Candida pulcherrima, 13 ppm to S. coreanus, 18 ppm to S. sake and 38 ppm to C. tropicalis. 7. On the alcohol fermentation of S. coreanus, the peptide, an yeast growth inhibitor, gives no effect at all. 8. This substance is named as Astradix-P (Astragalus membranaceus, Radix, Peptide).

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.210-217
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• 1992

A photosynthetic bacterium strain KUP-74 producing high amount of S-amino-levulinic acid(ALA) was isolated from soils, which was identified as Rhodocyclus gelatinosus. After 10 days cultivation under anaerobic-light condition at $30^{\circ}C$, 4 Klux and pH 6.8, 5 mg/l of ALA was formed extracellularly. ALA productions were increased up to 8 mg/l and 12 mg/l in cell cultivations either by the addition of 0.5% glycerol (v/v) or 10 mM of glycine and succinic acid, respectively, using Lascelles basal medium eliminated L-glutamic acid. By cultivation in the presence of 30 mM each D,L-glutamic acids and D,L-glutamines the yield of ALA showing a late induction phenomenon was reached the maximum value of 21 mg/l. Different culture times were needed to generate maximum ALA yields by the addition of initial precursors of $C_4$ and $C_5$ pathways in basal medium, as being 107 h and 262 h, respectively. 40 mg/l yield of ALA was observed by cell cultivation with the basal medium containing each 10 mM levulinic acid(LA) and glycine simultaneously.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.17 no.9 s.112
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• pp.811-820
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• 2006

Ultra wideband CPW batons are proposed in this paper. The proposed talons are consisted of ultra wideband multi-stage Wilkinson dividers and 'X'-shaped $180^{\circ}$ out-of-phase generator. Bottom-bridges and via-holes are used to connect CPW ground lines instead of the conventional air-bridges which require troublesome manual working in fabrication with HMIC(Hybrid Microwave Integrated Circuits) substrates. The proposed CPW batons have ultra wideband of 3 or $10(=F_{figh}/F_{low})$ theoretically, the wideband characteristics and S-parameters of the basis Wilkinson divider are directly converted to those of the proposed batons. The proposed batons are so compact and small compared to the conventional Wilkinson batons because no additional area for out-of-phase section is required. So the size of the proposed batons is exactly the same as that of the basis Wilkinson dividers. As examples, 3-stage and 7-stage wideband Wilkinson dividers are converted to the proposed batons. Their measured operating bandwidth are $1\sim3GHz$ and $0.8\sim5GHz$, respectively, with excellent matching, isolation and power division performances. The measured magnitude and phase balance errors are ${\pm}0.5dB\;and\;0.45\;dB,\;and\;{\pm}5^{\circ}\;and\;{\pm}10^{\circ}C$ over $1\sim3GHz\;and\;0.8\sim5GHz$, respectively.

• CELLMED
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.5.1-5.8
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• 2014

Healthcare-associated infection represents a frequent cause of mortality that increases hospital costs. Due to increasing microbial resistance to antibiotics, it is necessary to search for alternative therapies. Consequently, novel alternatives for the control of resistant microorganisms have been studied. Among them, plant antimicrobial protein presents enormous potential, with flowers being a new source of antimicrobial molecules. In this work, the antimicrobial activity of protein-rich fractions from flower tissues from 18 different species was evaluated against several human pathogenic bacteria. The results showed that protein-rich fractions of 12 species were able to control bacterial development. Due its broad inhibition spectrum and high antibacterial activity, the protein-rich fraction of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis was subjected to DEAE-Sepharose chromatography, yielding a retained fraction and a non-retained fraction. The retained fraction inhibits 29.5% of Klebsiella pneumoniae growth, and the non-retained fraction showed 31.5% of growth inhibition against the same bacteria. The protein profile of the chromatography fractions was analyzed by using SDS-PAGE, revealing the presence of two major protein bands in the retained fraction, of 20 and 15 kDa. The results indicate that medicinal plants have the biotechnological potential to increase knowledge about antimicrobial protein structure and action mechanisms, assisting in the rational design of antimicrobial compounds for the development of new antibiotic drugs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.11
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• pp.1872-1877
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• 2013

Lactic acid bacteria were selected on the basis of lactic acid producing ability from kimchi, a traditional Korean fermented food. Among the initial screening of over 150 strains selected from the sample, 27 strains were selected as lactic acid producing bacteria, and 4 strains were finally selected based on their ability to produce relatively high levels of lactic acid. The four strains were identified as Lactobacillus (L.) plantarum Gk04, Pediococcus pentosaceus Gk07, L. brevis Gk35 and L. curvatus Gk36 by the conventional morphological, cultural, physiological and biochemical characteristics, as well as by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Among the identified lactic acid bacteria, L. curvatus Gk36 was used for soymilk fermentation. The viable cell counts and acidity values measured for the L. curvatus Gk36 were comparable to the commmercial L. acidopillus. Thus, the L. curvatus Gk36 is a potential probiotic strain to prepare fermented soy products, such as kephir, yogurt, tempeh and soy sauce.