• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.327-333
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• 2007

The present study was carried out to evaluate the physiological effects of mushroom supplementation on blood glucose levels, lipid profile, and antioxidant enzyme activities in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects were randomized into either a control group or mushroom supplementation group. Mushroom supplementation was provided 3 times a day for 4 weeks. We found that total dietary fiber intake was about 2.5 times higher (30.3 g vs. 12.3 g) in subjects receiving mushroom supplementation than in the control group. Two groups maintained the same food intake and amount of activity, exercise during the supplementation. We observed no difference in age, height, weight, BMI (body mass index), blood pressure between the groups. Nutrient intake did not differ appreciably between the two groups, except for fiber intake, during the supplementation. Fasting blood glucose levels and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose levels were significantly lower in those ingesting mushroom than in controls. Furthermore, the concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were decreased significantly in the mushroom supplementation group. Small changes were observed in the concentration of total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol of those supplemented with mushroom, but these changes were not statistically significant. Activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase with mushroom supplementation were higher than in controls, but and glutathione peroxidase activity was not affected. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance of mushroom group were lower than control group, but were not significant. We conclude that addition of mushroom influences glycemic control and may be effective in lowering blood lipids and improving antioxidant enzyme activities. Accordingly, such effects may reduce risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, to confirm these effects and to make dietary recommendations for patients with type 2 diabetes, further studies are necessary.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.638-645
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Taeeumjowuitanggagam-bang (TJV) on the mRNA expression of Sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs), Tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$) and Interlukin-6 (IL-6) that are considered to play an important role in lipid and glucose metabolism. For diet-induced obese studies, we split mice into 2 groups. The low fat diet group (LFD, n=8) were supplied with general diet for 10 weeks and the high fat diet group (HFD, n=18) were supplied with 60 kcal% fat diet for 10 weeks. And then The HFD group, the diet-induced obese group, were divided into 3 groups ; a group supplied with normal saline, a group treated with TJV 200 mg/kg and a group treated with TJV 500 mg/kg. They were treated orally with TJV and measured their body weight every day during 10 weeks. After that, we measured mRNA expressions of TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6 and SREBP-1c in liver, and blood concentrations of glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride too. The results are as follows. The TJV reduced glucose and total cholesterol of blood concentration. The TJV reduced the mRNA expressions of TNF-$\alpha$ and SREBPs in liver. However, We couldn't find the TJV effects on the mRNA expression of IL-6, triglyceride blood concentration, and body weight among groups. The TJV stained liver tissue less red than control group. These results suggest that TJV may be effective for regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism in liver.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.509-518
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• 2017

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary intracranial tumor in adults and has poor prognosis. The GBM-specific tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in tumor progression, immune escape, local invasion, and metastasis of GBM. Here, we demonstrate that hypoxia, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and differential concentration of glucose influence the expression of cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, and IP-10, in human glial cell lines. Treatment with cobalt chloride ($CoCl_2$) and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) significantly increased the expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IP-10 in a dose-dependent manner in CRT-MG and U251-MG astroglioma cells, but not in microglia cells. However, we found strikingly different patterns of expression of cytokines and chemokines between $H_2O_2$-treated CRT-MG cells cultured in low- and high-glucose medium. These results suggest that astroglioma and microglia cells exhibit distinct patterns of cytokine and chemokine expression in response to $CoCl_2$ and $H_2O_2$ treatment, and different concentrations of glucose influence this expression under either hypoxic or oxidant-enriched conditions.

• 미생물과산업
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.18-30
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• 2000

질소 고정능이 있는 Nostoc pruniforme를 재료로, 3종의 유기물, glucose, oxalic, 및 ethanol을 N-free medium과 NO$^{[-993]}$ riched medium에 처리해 주었을 때 다음과 같은 효과를 얻었다. 1)N-free medium과 NO$^{[-993]}$ riched medium에서 위의 유기물 모두가 질소 고정과정의 energy원으로서 또는 substrate로서의 유효한 결과를 얻었다. 3)oxalic acid를 처리한 실험에서는NO$^{[-993]}$ richedmedium의 경우 고농도 처리구에서 질소고정량이 많았고 N-free medium은 그 반대의 결과였다. 4)비교구인 control의 질소 고정량은 일예를 제회하고는 전반적으로 고농도 처리구와 저농도 처리구의 중간에 위치했다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2008

The present study was carried out to evaluate the physiological effects of seaweed supplementation on blood glucose levels, lipid profile, and antioxidant enzyme activities in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects were randomized into either a control group or a seaweed supplementation group. Pills with equal parts of dry powdered sea tangle and sea mustard were provided to the seaweed supplementation group three times a day for 4 weeks. Total daily consumption of seaweed was 48 g. We found that total dietary fiber intake was 2.5 times higher in subjects receiving seaweed supplementation than in the control group. Accordingly, fasting blood glucose levels (p<0.01) and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose measurements (p<0.05) were decreased significantly in those ingesting seaweed. Furthermore, the serum concentrations of triglycerides were decreased and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased significantly in seaweed supplement group (p<0.05). However, the concentrations of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were not affected by seaweed supplementation. The level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in erythrocytes was significantly lower with seaweed supplementation compared to controls (p<0.05). Catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities with seaweed supplementation were higher than the controls (p<0.05), but superoxide dismutase activity was not affected. We, therefore, conclude that ingestion of seaweed influences glycemic control, lowers blood lipids, and increases antioxidant enzyme activities.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 1997

생리적 특성이 독특한 횡경막의 운동시 당원이 용양상과 운동 후 경구 투여한 당이 당원으로 재축적되는 과정을 적색비복근과 비교하여 횡경막의 생리적 특성의 일단을 규명하고자 시도한 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 대조군에서 횡경막의 당원농도는 적색비복근보다 높은 경향을 보였으며, 운동군에서 운동부하 첫 1시간에 횡격막의 당원농도는 약 1/2로 감소하였고 그 후 지속되는 1시간동안에는 별 차이를 보이지 않았으며 적색비복근의 당원농도와는 유의한 차이를 발견할 수 없었다. 그러나 당원 감소속도를 분석한 결과 횡격막이 적색비복근보다 빠른 경향을 보였다. 횡격막의 당원 재축적량 및 재축적속도를 분석한 결과 운동부하군에서 최대축적량은 적색비복근보다 낮았으며 재축적속도는 대조군에서는 양근에서 비슷하였으나 운동부하군에서는 적색비복근이 빨랐다. 당투여에 의한 골격근의 당원축적은 주로 근원섬유사이에 분포함을 전자현미경 관찰을 통해서 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어보아 횡격막은 운동부하시 당원의 소모는 비교적 빠른 경향이었으나 당투여에 의한 재축적은 느린 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권8호
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• pp.714-722
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• 2009

The principal objective of this study was to determine the effects of leucine on body weight reduction in high fat diet-induced overweight rats. To induce overweight, six-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 80) were divided into 8 groups; one group of 10 rats was fed on a normal fat diet and the remaining 70 rats were fed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy as fat) for 14 weeks. Then, 10 rats fed on the normal fat diet and another 10 rats fed on the high fat diet were sacrificed to identify overweight induction. The remaining 60 rats were divided randomly into 6 groups according to body weight and fed on one of the diets with different dietary fat levels (9.6% or 40% of energy as fat) and leucine levels (0, 0.6 or 1.2 g/kg BW) for the following 5 weeks of experiments. The body weight loss in the Leu-administered groups (0.6 g, 1.2 g/kg BW) was significantly higher than those of Leu non-administered groups. The perirenal fat pad weights in the Leu-administered groups were significantly lower than those of the Leu non-administered groups. Of the hepatic enzymes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activities were reduced significantly in the Leu-administered groups than in the Leu non-administered groups. With the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the incremental areas under the curve of the glucose response (IAUC) of the Leu-administered groups were significantly lower than those of the Leu non-administered groups. The fasting glucose concentration and HOMA-IR of the Leu-administered groups were significantly lower than those of the Leu non-administered groups. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that one of the possible mechanisms of leucine in the observed body weight reduction might involve the inhibition of lipogenic enzyme activities such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, rather than the activation of lipolysis enzymes. Additionally, leucine adminstration resulted in improved glucose metabolism.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.774-781
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• 2012

본 연구는 고지방식이와 STZ으로 유도한 제2형 당뇨마우스에게 CA를 급여하였을 때 체내 당대사와 항산화방어계에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 하였다. 4주령 ICR 마우스를 고지방식이(전체 열량의 37% 지방)를 4주간 급여하여 인슐린저항성을 유발한 후 STZ(100 mg/kg body weight)을 일회복강주사 하였다. 7일 후 공복 시 혈당이 14 mmol/L(250 mg/dL)인 마우스만을 사용하여 난괴법으로 당뇨대조군, 0.02% CA군, 0.05% CA군으로 나누어 6주간 사육하였다. 실험 6주 동안 당뇨대조군에 비하여 두 CA 급여 수준은 혈당을 효과적으로 낮추었으며 내당능과 인슐린내성을 개선하였다. 또한 혈장 중의 렙틴 함량은 CA 급여 시 당뇨대조군에 비하여 높았으나 인슐린과 C-peptide 함량 및 체중에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. CA 급여는 당뇨대조군에 비하여 간조직의 GK활성을 높였고 G6Pase 활성은 낮춘 반면, PEPCK 활성에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 간조직 중의 SOD와 CAT 활성은 CA급여군에서 당뇨대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 높았으나, GSH-Px 활성과 적혈구의 항산화 효소 활성은 실험군간 유의적인 변화가 없었다. 두 수준의 CA 급여는 간조직과 적혈구 중의 지질과산화물 함량을 당뇨대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 낮추었다. 이와 같이 CA는 간조직에서 당 이용을 높이는 반면, 당 신생을 억제함으로써 혈당저하에 효과적이었으며 항산화방어계를 활성화하여 지질과산화물 생성을 개선하는데 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.137-154
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• 1997

골격근의 과축적 당원의 운동 중 이용 양상과 골격근의 구성 섬유 특성에 따른 당원의 이용 양상을 규명한 본 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 정상 군의 당원 농도는 가자미근에서 $4.57{\pm}0.34mg/gm\;wet\;wt.$(이하 동일 단위)였으며 적색 비복근은 $5.11{\pm}0.24$, 족척근은 $6.55{\pm}0.20$으로서 족척근이 가장 높았다. 가자미근의 당원 농도는 운동 부하 후 당투여 1시간 군에서 정상 군에 비해서 약 1.9배 높았으며 적색 비복근은 1.8배 높았다. 족척근의 당원 농도는 운동 후 당 투여 군에서 정상 군과 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 각 당원 농도는 정상군에서 $41.0{\pm}1.47$이였으며 대조 군에서는 정상군의 2.9%에 불과했으나 당투여 1시간, 2시간 및 운동 부하 후 당투여 1시간 군등 모든 군의 당원농도는 정상 군의 19 - 32%의 범위 내에 있었다. 혈당 및 인슐린은 운동 부하 후 당 투여 군에서 가장 높았으며 유리 지방산은 대조군 및 당투여 2시간군에서 높았다. 운동 부하 중 가자미근 및 적색 비복근의 당원감소는 초 과축적 당원군, 과축적군 및 정상 군에서 다같이 운동 부하 첫 30분에 급격하였으나 초 과축적군에서 더 급격하였다. 운동 부하 30분에서 60분 사이에는 초 과축적군 및 정상 군에서 다같이 당원 감소는 거의 없었으나 과축적군에서는 지속적인 감소 상을 보였다. 간 당원은 정상 군에서 가장 급격한 감소를 보였으며 골격근과는 달리 운동 부하 60분간 지속적으로 감소하였다. 초 과축적당원군의 간 당원 농도는 변화가 없거나 증가하는 경향이었다. 운동 부하 중 혈당은 모든 실험군에서 감소하였으며 인슐린은 운동 부하 후 당투여 군에서 감소하였다. 혈중 유리 지방산 농도는 모든 군에서 증가하였으며 운동 부하 후 당투여 군에서 가장 낮았다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.425-436
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• 2003

The present study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of common Korean legumes as a high-fiber supplement in therapeutic diets for diabetic patients. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were used as animal models and four kinds of legumes, black soybean (BS), yellow soybean (YS), green pea (GP) and soybean curd residue (SCR) were tested as high-fiber supplements. Seven groups of normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were fed isocaloric experimental diets containing 8％ dietary fiber from one of four legumes or purified cellulose and pectin for 6 weeks. The effects of the legumes on the glucose and lipid metabolism of diabetic rats was examined and compared with the effects of cellulose and pectin. The legume supplementation did not show any beneficial effect on glucose tolerance, however, it exhibited a plasma cholesterol-lowering effect in diabetic rats. The cholesterol-lowering action was especially strong in BS and the degree of the effect was comparable to that of pectin. The levels of total lipids, cholesterol, and triglyceride in the hepatic tissues of rats fed legume diets were similar to those of the pectin group. All legume supplements induced an increase in fecal steroid excretion. The fecal cholesterol contents were significantly high following the supplementations of YS and SCR (p < 0.05). The excretion of fecal bile acids in the BS and YS groups was significantly higher than it was in the pectin group (p < 0.05). Concentration of lipid peroxidation products in the blood and urine of diabetic animals was lower in the legume groups than in the cellulose group. The levels of hepatic lipid peroxidation products were significantly lower in the BS and YS groups than in the pectin group (p < 0.05). From the results of this study, the plasma cholesterol-lowering effect of BS is possibly due to the significant (p < 0.05) in-crease in fecal steroid excretion, which suggests that BS could be beneficial in improving abnormal lipid metabolism in diabetic rats. (Korean J Nutrition 36(5): 425∼436, 2003)