• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.513-523
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• 2013

This purpose of this work is to explore the characteristics of urban thermal environment distribution with the case of Daejeon. To do that, this work applied GIS Spatial Statistics to the LandSAT images gathered from 2000 to 2011. The urban thermal environment distribution at the time point of 2 showed high spatial autocorrelation. Therefore, it is judged that spatial autocorrelation is needed to increase the reliability and explanatory power of the characteristics of thermal environment distribution. In the case of the thermal in Daejeon, its positive clustering appeared high at the time point of 2, and its clustering in 2011 more gradually decreased than that in 2000 to 2011. In particular, given the decrease in the core H-H region, it was found that the thermal environment of Daejeon was greatly improved. However, since the rise in the region L-L means another changed like construction of a new city, it is judged that it is necessary to come up with a proper plan. It is considered that this analysis of the characteristics of urban thermal environment distribution in consideration of spatial autocorrelation L-L be useful for providing a fundamental material necessary for the policy and project of thermal environment improvement.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2016

In this study, high performance concrete beams and prisms with high content of PFA were heated to various temperatures up to $450^{\circ}C$ at heating rates of $1^{\circ}C/min$, $3^{\circ}C/min$ and $10^{\circ}C/min$. The thermal gradient was found to increase first with the heating time until a peak value was reached and then decrease until the thermal equilibrium was reached, measured as $115^{\circ}C$, $240^{\circ}C$ and $268^{\circ}C$ for the three heating rates. Spalling occurred on some specimens when the heating temperature was over $400^{\circ}C$ for heating rates of $3^{\circ}C/min$ and $10^{\circ}C/min$. The hygric gradient was found to reach its maximum when the thermal gradient reached its peak. This study indicates that spalling of HPC could happen when the heating temperature was high enough, and both thermal and hygric gradients reached their maxima.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.3-6
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• 1999

There are numerous studies on relations between sleep and environmental factors such as noise, illumination and thermal conditions. Sleep is affected by the thermal environment. This study describes influence of thermal environment on skin temperature, sleep patterns and body movements using physiological and psychological measurements. The results are as follows: 1) The fluctuations of room temperature during sleep appeared skin temperature variations. The more room temperature is high, the more skin temperature is high in 22$^{\circ}C$, 26$^{\circ}C$, 30$^{\circ}C$. 2) A significant relation between body movement and skin temperature was found within room temperature. Under room temperature conditions of 22$^{\circ}C$, 26$^{\circ}C$, 30$^{\circ}C$, there were significantly higher rates of body movement in the room temperature(30$^{\circ}C$). 3) Uncomfortable after sleep in thermal environment is mostly under high temperature(30$^{\circ}C$), and they are about fatigue due to not enough sleeping. 4) The degree of indoor thermal temperature with sufficient sleeping is in 22.8 ∼ 27.8$^{\circ}C$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.722-731
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• 2020

Objective: Two experiments were conducted using 28 healthy multiparous sows to evaluate the oxidative stress status and reproductive performance of sows during gestation and lactation under different thermal environments. Methods: Fourteen multiparous sows were used in Exp. 1 under a high thermal environment, and the other 14 multiparous sows were used in Exp. 2 under a moderate thermal environment. In both experiments, reproductive performances of sows were recorded. Plasma samples were collected on d 35, 60, 90, and 109 of gestation, and d 1 and 18 of lactation for malondialdehyde, protein carbonyls, 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine, immunoglobulin g (IgG), and IgM analysis. Results: For sows in Exp. 1, plasma malondialdehyde concentration on d 109 of gestation tended to be greater (p<0.05) than it on d 18 of lactation. Plasma concentration of protein carbonyl on d 109 of gestation was the greatest (p<0.05) compared with all the other days. Plasma concentrations of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine on d 109 of gestation was greater (p<0.05) than d 18 of lactation in Exp. 1. For sows in Exp. 2, there was no difference of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl concentration during gestation and lactation. In both Exp. 1 and 2, litter size and litter weight were found to be negatively correlated with oxidative stress indicators. Conclusion: Sows under a high thermal environment had increased oxidative stress during late gestation indicating that increased oxidative damage to lipid, protein, and DNA could be one of the contributing factors for reduced reproductive performance of sows in this environment. This study indicates the importance of providing a moderate thermal environment to gestating and lactating sows to minimize the increase of oxidative stress during late gestation which can impair reproductive outcomes.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1059-1064
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• 2008

The present study is to reduce the thermal phenomena and stack effect of nude elevator of the high-rise building used CFD simulation. Since many High-rise buildings used the curtain-wall glass, thermal phenomena and stack effect can easily occur at hot and cold season, respectively. The simulation has been conducted and verified for the effects of the amount of suppling air to the environment of the inside nude elevator shaft. The results of simulations show that the problems due to the thermal and stack effect will be reduced by enforced ventilation or natural ventilation and those will be presented by temperature and velocity profiles and pressure differences.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to find out the present thermal environment of the Korean livingroom in comparison with the Japan's. Thermal environment of the livingroom with radiant floor heating system in Korea and Japan is analysed. The surveys and measurements are took place in two detached houses and two apartments in Seoul, Korea and two apartments in Tokyo, Japan for a 48-hour period at the beginning of March, 2003. The result of this study shows that the thermal environment of the livingroom in Korean houses, especially in the apartments is warmer and stabler than the Japan's. However, despite of its high temperature, Koreans have a tendency to rise their room temperature creating excess.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

The thermal properties including volumetric heat capacity, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and diurnal and annual damping depths of 10 representative soil series of Korea were calculated using some measurable soil parameters based on the Taxonomical Classification of Korean Soils. The heat capacity of soils demonstrated a linear function of water content and ranged from 0.2 to $0.8cal\;cm^{-3}^{\circ}C^{-1}$ for dry and saturated medium-textured soil, respectively. A small increase in water content of the dry soils caused a sharp increase in thermal conductivity. Upon further increases in water content, the conductivity increased ever more gradually and reached to a maximum value at saturation. The transition from low to high thermal conductivity occurred at low water content in the soils with coarse texture, and at high water content in the other textures. Thermal conductivity ranged between $0.37{\times}10^{-3}cal\;cm^{-1}s^{-1}^{\circ}C^{-1}$ for dry (medium-textured) soil and $4.01{\times}10^{-3}cal\;cm^{-1}s^{-1}^{\circ}C^{-1}$ for saturated (medium/coarse-textured) soil. The thermal diffusivity initially increased rapidly with small increases in water content of the soils, and then decreased upon further increases in the soil-water content. Even in an extreme soil with the highest diffusivity value ($1.1{\times}10^{-2}cm^2s^{-1}$), the daily temperature variation did not penetrate below 70 cm soil depth and the yearly variation not below 13.4 m as four times of damping depths.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.229-235
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• 2006

This study investigated physiology and psychological response of subjects, when heat pump was operated long time within comfort temperature range. Eight subjects were participated for the experiment. Their age was from 22 to 25 years old. The results of this experiment will propose basic data for improving comfort control algorithm in fluctuating environment by using heat pump. When indoor temperature was controlled by heat pump, the conclusion was as follows. 1) When votes of subjects was considered, the thermal comfort neutrality or lower range helped formation of comfort sensation for subjects. 2) When room temperature was lower, thermal comforts of shoulder, knee and foot with subjects thermal comfort showed high correlation. And when room temperature was higher, thermal comfort of face region with subjects thermal comfort showed high correlation. 3) The necessity of temperature change after 50 minutes from initially operating heat pump demands the additional analysis against the physiological signal.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.93-100
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to provide basic objective data which can be utilized as an adjustment criterion for the alleviation of the limit on the number of floors of buildings by quantitatively evaluates the effect of the alleviation of the limit on the number of floors of buildings in apartment complexes on thermal environment of apartment complexes using data obtained from apartments in a class 2 general residential area. In this study, we carried out a thermal environment analysis utilizing the simulation of a virtual object area. The result is summarized as follows: The result of analyzing the entire surface temperature showed an equal decrease of surface temperature due to shadow in all scenarios and high floors showed a tendency of low surface temperature during daytime as the rate of shadow the high floors increase. This influences not only the surface temperature but also HIP and is judged to greatly contribute to the alleviation of the heat island effect. Also, the reason why HIP at high floors shows high values before sunrise and after sunset is thought to be because the concrete wall of the building maintains a high temperature during nighttime by absorbing and storing sunlight during daytime instead of reflecting it since it has low reflectance.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.175-186
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• 2023

Effects of high-temperature environment and low-temperature environment on corrosion behaviours of 18Cr stainless steels (type 304L, type 441) in simulated selective catalytic reduction (SCR) environments were studied using weight loss test in each environment and rust analysis. With time to exposure to the high-temperature environment, type 441 was more resistant to corrosion than type 304L due to both higher diffusivity of Cr and lower thermal expansion coefficient in α-iron. The former provides a stable protective Cr₂O₃ layer. The latter leaded to low residual stress between scale and steel, reducing the spallation of the scale. With time to exposure to the low-temperature environment, on the other hand, type 304L was more resistant to corrosion than type 441. The lower resistance of type 441 was caused by Cr-depleted zone with less than 11% formed during the pre-exposure to a high-temperature environment, unlike type 304L. It was confirmed by results from the crevice corrosion test of sensitised 11Cr steel. Hence, to achieve higher corrosion resistance in simulated SCR environments, ferritic stainless steels having lower thermal expansion coefficient and higher diffusivity of Cr but containing more than 18% Cr are recommended.