• 한국재료학회지
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.643-651
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• 2017

Four types of high Mn TWIP(Twinning Induced Plasticity) steels were fabricated by varying the Mn and Al content, and the tensile properties were measured at various strain rates and temperatures. An examination of the tensile properties at room temperature revealed an increase in strength with increasing strain rate because mobile dislocations interacted rapidly with the dislocations in localized regions, whereas elongation and the number of serrations decreased. The strength decreased with increasing temperature, whereas the elongation increased. A martensitic transformation occurred in the 18Mn, 22Mn and 18Mn1.6Al steels tested at $-196^{\circ}C$ due to a decrease in the stacking fault energies with decreasing temperature. An examination of the tensile properties at $-196^{\circ}C$ showed that the strength of the non-Al added high Mn TWIP steels was high, whereas the elongation was low because of the martensitic transformation and brittle fracture mode. Although a martensitic transformation did not occur in the 18Mn1.9Al steel, the strength increased with decreasing temperature because many twins formed in the early stages of the tensile test and interacted rapidly with the dislocations.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.751-760
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• 2019

Cellulase is an eco-friendly biocatalyst, and its demand is growing in many industrial applications such as food, textile, paper, and bioenergy. Strains with a high cellulase activities are the starting point for the economic production of cellulase. In a previous study, Acanthophysium sp. KMF001 with high cellulase production ability was selected among 54 wood-rotting fungi. In this study, we evaluated the cellulase productivity of Acanthophysium sp. KMF001 quantitatively and analyzed its taxonomic location using a genetic method. Acanthophysium sp. KMF001 showed high cellulase productivity similar to that of Acanthophysium bisporum and was much better than A. bisporum in specific enzyme activity. The 28S rRNA sequence of Acanthophysium sp. KMF001 was similar to that of Acanthophysium lividocaeruleum MB1825, with 98.40% homology. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that Acanthophysium sp. KMF001 is a new strain. In this study, we propose a new strain with high cellulase productivity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.95-98
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• 1993

This study was carried out to isolate and characterize the mutant strains of Schwanniomyces castellii NRRL Y-2477. Mutants were prepared with the treatment of ethyl methane sulfonate. 2-deoxy-D-glucose resistant mutants were isolated and two mutants were selected based on their high production of amylolytic enzymes and their ability to ferment starch. The mutants selected had higher a-amylase and glucoamylase activities than the wild type strain from several other carbon sources. Especially, it was revealed that mutant strain M-9, when cultured in the presence of glucose as a sole carbon source, shows relatively high activities of a-amylase and glucoamylase compared to those of the wild type strain. In result, this mutant strain can be considered as a constitutive producer of amylolytic enzymes. To compare the ethanol production ability of wild type strain and of mutant strains selected, an alcohol fermentation was carried out using 100 g/l soluble starch. Mutant strain M-9 did not improve the direct alcohol fermentation of starch, despite its excellent amylolytic activities performance. On the other hand, mutant strain M-6 produced 37.9 g/l (4.8%, v/v) ethanol by utilizing about 82% of substrate.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.266-278
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• 1995

The high strain-rate dynamic plastic behavior of Fe-X%Mn alloys was investigated. The strain rate did not have an effect when tested under quasi-static strain rates($2{\times}10^{-3}/sec$ and $2{\times}10^{-1}/sec$). However, the true stress increased at all strain levels when the strain rate increased to $6{\times}10^3/sec$. Based on the experimental results, an constitution equation to calculate the dynamic strength for strain rates over $10^4/sec$ was determined. The Fe-5%Mn alloy containing athermal ${\alpha}^{\prime}$ martensite initially did not show work hardening. The work hardening increased with Mn content showing a maximum at 20% Mn. The high work hardening of Fe-20%Mn and Fe-30%Mn alloys appears to be closely related not only to the initial amounts of ${\varepsilon}$ martensite but to the strain induced transformation (${\gamma}{\rightarrow}{\varepsilon}$ and ${\varepsilon}{\rightarrow}{\alpha}^{\prime}$) occurring during each stages of deformation.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.53-58
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• 2003

Many researchers have rigorously studied the nonlinear behavior of stress-strain relationship of concrete using mathematical curves. Most of model equations for stress-strain relationship, however, have been focused on old age concrete, and were not able to adequately represent the behavior of concrete at an early age. A wide understanding on the behavior of concrete from early age to old age is very important in evaluating the durability and service life of concrete structures. In previous study by authors of this paper, a stress-strain model equation for low- and medium-strength concretes was suggested. In this paper, to extend the application region of compressive stress-strain curve to high-strength concrete, an analytical research was performed. An analytical expression of stress-strain curve with strength and age was developed using regression analyses on the experimental results. For the verification of the proposed model equation, it was compared to the experimental data. The result showed that the proposed model equation was not only compatible with the experimental data quite satisfactorily but also describing well the effect of strength and age on stress-strain curve.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.595-603
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• 2017

Piezoceramic transducers have been widely used in the health monitoring of civil structures. However, in most cases, they are used as sensors either to measure strain or receive stress waves. This paper proposes a method of using piezoelectric transducers as strain gauges and acoustic emission (AE) sensors simultaneously. The signals received by piezoceramic transducers are decomposed into different frequency components for various analysis purposes. The low-frequency signals are used to measure strain, whereas the high-frequency signals are used as acoustic emission signal associated with local damage. The b-value theory is used to process the AE signal in piezoceramic transducers. The proposed method was applied in the bending failure experiments of two reinforced concrete beams to verify its feasibility. The results showed that the extracted low-frequency signals from the piezoceramic transducers had good agreement with that from the strain gauge, and the processed high-frequency signal from piezoceramic transducers as AE could indicate the local damage to concrete. The experimental results verified the feasibly of structural health monitoring using piezoceramic transducers as strain gauges and AE sensors simultaneously, which can advance their application in civil engineering.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.231-234
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• 2005

The high temperature deformation behavior of AZ 31 Mg alloy was investigated by designing a back propagation neural network that uses a gradient descent-learning algorithm. A neural network modeling is an intelligent technique that can solve non-linear and complex problems by learning from the samples. Therefore, some experimental data have been firstly obtained from continuous compression tests performed on a thermo-mechanical simulator over a range of temperatures $(250-500^{\circ}C)$ with strain rates of $0.0001-100s^{-1}$ and true strains of 0.1 to 0.6. The inputs for neural network model are strain, strain rate, and temperature and the output is flow stress. It was found that the trained model could well predict the flow stress for some experimental data that have not been used in the training. Workability of a material can be evaluated by means of power dissipation map with respect to strain, strain rate and temperature. Power dissipation map was constructed using the flow stress predicted from the neural network model at finer Intervals of strain, strain rates and subsequently processing maps were developed for hot working processes for AZ 31 Mg alloy. The safe domains of hot working of AZ 31 Mg alloy were identified and validated through microstructural investigations.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.309-315
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• 2011

The behavior of metallic materials at high strain rates shows different characteristics from those in quasi-static deformation. Therefore, the strain rate should be considered when simulating crash events. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the dynamic tensile characteristics of SPRC440 as a function of the volume fraction of phases. As-received SPRC440 is composed of ferrite and pearlite phases. However, ferrite and martensite phases were observed after heat treatment at $730^{\circ}C$ and $780^{\circ}C$ for 5 minutes, as expected by calculations based on the curves from dilatometry tests. High cross-head speed tensile tests were performed to acquire strain-stress curves at various strain rates ranging from 0.001 to $300\;s^{-1}$, which are typical in real vehicle crashes. It was observed that the flow stress increases with the strain rate and this trend was more pronounced in the as-received specimens consisting of ferrite and pearlite phases. It is speculated that the dislocation density in each phase has an influence on the strain rate sensitivity.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.1387-1395
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• 2016

To investigate the dynamic strain aging (DSA) behavior of Alloy 617, high-temperature tensile tests were carried out with strain rates variations of $10^{-3}/s$, $10^{-4}/s$, and $10^{-5}/s$ from $24^{\circ}C$ to $950^{\circ}C$. Five flow relationships, Hollomon, Ludwik, Swift, Ludwigson, and Voce, were applied to describe the tensile true stress-strain curves, and the DSA region was defined. In describing the tensile curves, Ludwigson's equation was superior to the other equations, and the DSA region was adequately defined by this equation as plateaus at intermediate temperatures from $200^{\circ}C$ to $700^{\circ}C$. It was identified that Alloy 617 is dominated by three types of serrations, known as Types D, A+B, and C. The activation energy values for each serration type were obtained by the Arrhenius equation. By using the obtained activation energy values, the serrated yielding map and the DSA mechanism were drawn and manifested. In addition, the relationship between the tensile strength and strain rate at higher temperatures above $700^{\circ}C$ was found to be closely related to the amounts of slip lines. In the scanning electron microscope (SEM) fractographs, there was a significant difference at the low, intermediate, and high temperatures, but almost the same to the three strain rates.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.185-198
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• 2005

In the design of reinforced concrete beams, it is a standard practice to use the yield stress of the steel reinforcement for the evaluation of the flexural strength. However, because of strain hardening, the tensile strength of the steel reinforcement is often substantially higher than the yield stress. Thus, it is a common belief that the actual flexural strength should be higher than the theoretical flexural strength evaluated with strain hardening ignored. The possible increase in flexural strength due to strain hardening is a two-edge sword. In some cases, it may be treated as strength reserve contributing to extra safety. In other cases, it could lead to greater shear demand causing brittle shear failure of the beam or unexpected greater capacity of the beam causing violation of the strong column-weak beam design philosophy. Strain hardening may also have certain effect on the flexural ductility. In this paper, the effects of strain hardening on the post-peak flexural behaviour, particularly the flexural strength and ductility, of reinforced normal- and high-strength concrete beams are studied. The results reveal that the effects of strain hardening could be quite significant when the tension steel ratio is relatively small.