• 전기화학회지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.88-93
• /
• 2005

고체산화물 연료전지의 작동온도를 낮추고 셀의 출력 밀도를 향상시키기 위해 연료극 지지체식 셀을 제조하고 공기극의 구조를 개선시켜 그 특성을 조사 분석하였다. 셀 제조는 습식법에 의해 이루어졌으며, 제조된 연료극 지지체상에 전해질을 코팅하고 최종적으로 공기극을 코팅하였다. 제조된 셀은 $8mol\%\;V_2O_3$로 안정화된 $ZrO_2(YSZ)$ 전해질 층 및 Ni/YSZ 연료극 지지체로 이루어졌으며, 공기극은 $(La_{0.85}Sr_{0.15})_{0.9}MnO_{3-x}(LSM),\;LSM/YSZ(LY)$ 복합체, $La_{0.6}Sr_{0.4}Co_{0.2}Fe_{0.8}O_3{LSCF)$를 두층 또는 3층으로 두께를 변화시키면서 코팅하였다 임피던스로 전기화학적 특성을 조사하였으며, $3\%$수분을 함유한 수소와 공기로 $800^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 단전지의 성능을 평가하였다 작동온도 $800^{\circ}C$에서, $LY\;9{\mu}m/LSM\;9{\mu}m/LSCF\;17{\mu}m$의 다층이 코팅된 전지가 $590mW/cm^2$로 가장 좋은 성능을 나타냈으며, $0.244{\Omega}cm^2$로 가장 작은 분극저항을 가졌다. 측정된 임피던스 결과, 공기극의 분극저항이 3층 코팅된 셀의 경우 가장 작게 나타났음을 확인하였으며, 이것은 LY복합전극에 의한 전극 계면 저항 감소뿐 만 아니라 LSCF에 의한 공기극의 산소환원 반응의 전하이동 저항이 감소하였기 때문인 것으로 해석된다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.442-454
• /
• 2021

The porous transport layer (PTL) is essential to effectively remove oxygen and hydrogen gas from the electrode surface at high current density operation conditions. In this study, the effect of PTL with different characteristics such as pore size, pore gradient, interfacial coating was investigated by multi-layered sintered mesh. A water electrolysis single cell of active area of the 34.56 cm² was constructed, and IV performance and impedance analysis were conducted in the range of 0 to 2.0 A/cm². It was confirmed that the multi-layered sintered mesh PTL, which have an average pore size of 25 to 57 ㎛ and a larger pore gradient, removed bubbles effectively and thus seemed to improve IV performance. Also, it was confirmed that the catalytic metals such as Ni, NiMo coating on the PTL reduced activation overpotential, but increased mass transport overpotential.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.166-173
• /
• 2006

Catalytic reforming of $CO_2$ by $CH_4$ over Ni-YSZ based catalysts was investigated to produce syngas as raw material of high valued chemicals and develop high performance catalyst electrode for an internal reforming of $CO_2$ in SOFC system. Ni-YSZ based catalysts were prepared using physical mixing and maleic acid methods to improve catalytic activity and inhibition of carbon deposition. The catalysts before and after the reaction were characterized by $N_2$ physisorption, TPR(temperature programed reduction), XRD and impedance analyzer. The conversions for $CO_2$ and $CH_4$ over Ni-MgO catalyst showed 90% but much amount of carbon deposition was detected on catalyst surface. On the other hand, the conversions for $CO_2$ and $CH_4$ over NiO-YSZ-$CeO_2$ catalyst showed 100% and 85% respectively, and carbon deposition on catalyst surface was inhibited under the tested condition. It was concluded that NiO-YSZ-$CeO_2$ catalyst is a promising candidate for the catalytic reforming of $CO_2$ and the internal reforming in SOFC system.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
• /
• pp.796-798
• /
• 2002

In these days, the interruption capability of some circuit breakers, which are installed in the transmission systems, is getting lower than the magnitude of the fault current because of continuous increase of power demand and relatively short power line which was installed in forms of mesh network As a result of these situations, fault current limiters (FCLs) are strongly necessary. There are various types which is investigated around the world, and new power apparatuses that have been newly considered and developed by many manufactures. In this paper, we considered resistive superconducting fault current limiters with YBCO thin films. The resistive limiters utilize a transition of YBCO films from superconducting to normal state caused by exceeding the critical current. By means of newly occurred impedance, the fault current will be limited effectively. Generally, a few current path patterns are available for YBCO films to enhance the current limiting performance of YBCO films. In this paper. the meander-type and the bi-spiral-type were used for current paths of YBCO flims. When YBCO films are quenched into the normal state, bubbles could be observed on the surface of YBCO films. Using our high-speed camera, the number of bubbles and the size of bubbles could be visualized and the relation between bubbles and current density was analyzed. By means of moving pictures of bubbles, we observed how the quench extended or how the heat was conducted in films.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제15권11호
• /
• pp.1051-1061
• /
• 2004

본 논문에서는 반원형 및 반타원형 디스크가 급전점에 수직으로 로딩된 단순한 광대역 모노폴 안테나 구조에 급전점에는 추가적인 공진 구조를, 수직 모노폴 안테나의 끝단에는 수평으로 추가적인 소형 디스크가 로딩되는 초광대역 안테나의 특성에 관하여 시뮬레이션과 측정이 수행되었다. 설계된 초광대역 송신용 안테나로부터 가우시안 펄스의 전달 특성에 관하여 살펴보며 제안된 안테나의 수평방향을 단면으로 보았을 경우의 복사패턴이 등방향성 응답을 가짐을 알 수 있었다. 더욱이, 측정 및 시뮬레이션 결과로부터 소형이면서 광대역 특성을 보임을 알 수 있다. 제안된 수평방향의 소형 디스크가 장착된 반원형 디스크 모노폴 안테나의 측정결과로부터, 크기와 전기적인 성능 측면에서 살펴보았을 때 제안된 구조가 단순히 원형 디스크가 수직으로 로딩된 모노폴 안테나에 비해 견줄만 함을 알 수 있었다. 특히 본 논문을 통하여 제작된 안테나는 PCB를 이용한 프린팅 안테나에서 자주 발생되는 표면파 손실 및 유전체 손실과 같은 현상이 발생되지 않으므로 Return Loss의 성능이 곧 복사되는 효율과 밀접한 관계가 있다.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.285-292
• /
• 2014

Commercial activated-carbon used as the electrode material of an electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) was posttreated with various acids and alkalis to increase its capacitance. The carbon samples prepared were then heat-treated in order to control the amount of acidic functional groups formed by the acid treatments. Coin-type EDLC cells with two symmetric carbon electrodes were assembled using the prepared carbon materials and an organic electrolyte. The electrochemical performance of the EDLC was measured by galvanostatic charge-discharge, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Among the various activated carbons, the carbon electrodes (CSsb800) prepared by the treatments of coconutshell-based carbon activated with NaOH and $H_3BO_5$, and then heat treated at $800^{\circ}C$ under a flow of nitrogen gas, showed relatively good electrochemical performance. Although the specific-surface-area of the carbon-electrode material ($1,096m^2/g$) was less than that of pristine activated-carbon ($1,122m^2/g$), the meso-pore volume increased after the combined chemical and heat treatments. The specific capacitance of the EDLC increased from 59.6 to 74.8 F/g (26%) after those post treatments. The equivalent series resistance of EDLC using CSsb800 as electrode was much lower than that of EDLC using pristine activated carbon. Therefore, CSsb800 exhibited superior electrochemical performance at high scan rates due to its low internal resistance.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제25권9호
• /
• pp.938-943
• /
• 2014

대규모 PEC 물체의 표면에 존재하는 Gap/Crack 구조에 의한 산란파는 RCS가 매우 낮은 물체에 있어서 그 중요성이 매우 크지만, 고주파 근사법을 사용하여 해석할 수가 없다. 만약 이들의 전기적 폭이 충분히 작다면, 적절한 임피던스 스트립으로 모델링 한 후, 저주파 근사법을 통하여 해석적으로 산란파 공식을 얻을 수 있다. 저주파 공식은 TE(Transverse Electric)파와 TM(Transverse Magnetic)파에 대해 2차원 해의 형태로 주어지며, 이를 바탕으로 3차원 ILDC(Incremental Length Diffraction Coefficients)를 추출할 수 있고, 이를 통하여 물체 표면에 존재하는 임의의 형태의 크랙의 산란파도 계산할 수 있다. 기존의 방법은 TE파에 의한 결과만을 사용하여, TM파가 중요한 경우에 정확도가 떨어진다. 본 논문에서는 TE파와 TM파에 의한 결과를 동시에 사용하여 향상된 ILDC 수식을 제안하고, 그 정확성을 시뮬레이션을 통하여 검증한다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.268-272
• /
• 2003

직류 마그네트론 스퍼터링법을 이용하여 증착압력과 기판온도변화에 따른 텅스텐 박막의 미세구조 변화에 대하여 연구하였다. 기판온도 40$0^{\circ}C$에서 증착 압력의 감소에 따라 텅스텐 박막의 미세구조가 zone I에서 zone T로 변화하였다. 텅스텐 박막의 미세구조 비저항과 결정배향성은 상관관계를 보였으며. 미세구조가 zone T 영역에서 낮은 비저항(10$\times$$10^{-6}$ $\Omega$-cm) 과 99%의 (110)면 우선 배향성을 나타내었다. zone T 영역에 해당하는 미세구조를 지니는 텅스텐 박막을 이용한 박막형 공진기는 텅스텐 박막의 높은 탄성저항과 매끈한 표면으로 인해 494의 $Q_{s}$와 5.50%의 $K_{eff}$$^{2}$ 값의 우수한 공진특성을 보였다....

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2009년도 제38회 동계학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.277-277
• /
• 2010

The capacity of the carbonaceous materials reached ca. $350\;mAhg^{-1}$ which is close to theorestical value of the carbon intercalation composition $LiC_6$, resulting in a relatively low volumetric Li capacity. Notwithstanding the capacities of carbon, it will not adjust well to the need so future devices. Silicon shows the highest gravimetric capacities (up to $4000\;mAhg^{-1}$ for $Li_{21}Si_5$). Although Si is the most promising of the next generation anodes, it undergoes a large volume change during lithium insertion and extraction. It results in pulverization of the Si and loss of electrical contact between the Si and the current collector during the lithiation and delithiation. Thus, its capacity fades rapidly during cycling. We focused on electrode materials in the multiphase form which were composed of two metal compounds to reduce the volume change in material design. A combination of electrochemically amorphous active material in an inert matrix (Si-M) has been investigated for use as negative electrode materials in lithium ion batteries. The matrix composited of Si-M alloys system that; active material (Si)-inactive material (M) with Li; M is a transition metal that does not alloy with Li with Li such as Ti, V or Mo. We fabricated and tested a broad range of Si-M compositions. The electrodes were sputter-deposited on rough Cu foil. Electrochemical, structural, and compositional characterization was performed using various techniques. The structure of Si-M alloys was investigated using X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Surface morphologies of the electrodes are observed using a field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The electrochemical properties of the electrodes are studied using the cycling test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It is found that the capacity is strongly dependent on Si content and cycle retention is also changed according to M contents. It may be beneficial to find materials with high capacity, low irreversible capacity and that do not pulverize, and that combine Si-M to improve capacity retention.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.134-134
• /
• 2010

Fuel cell is a device that directly converts chemical energy in the form of a fuel into electrical energy by way of an electrochemical reaction. In the anode for a high temperature fuel cell, nickel or nickel alloy has been used in consideration of the cost, oxidation catalystic ability of hydrogen which is used as fuel, electron conductivity, and high temperature stability in reducing atmosphere. Most MCFC stacks currently operate at an average temperature of $650^{\circ}C$. There is some gains with decreased temperature in MCFC to diminish the electrolyte loss from evaporation and the material corrosion, which could improve the MCFC life. However, operating temperature has a strong related on a number of electrode reaction rates and ohmic losses. Baker et al. reported the effect of temperature (575 to $650^{\circ}C$). The rates of cell voltage loss were 1.4mV/$^{\circ}C$ for a reduction in temperature from 650 to $600^{\circ}C$, and 2.16mV/$^{\circ}C$ for a decrease from 600 to $575^{\circ}C$. The two major contributors responsible for the change in cell voltage with reducing operation temperature are the ohmic polarization and electrode polarization. It appears that in the temperature range of 550 to $650^{\circ}C$, about 1/3 of the total change in cell voltage with decreasing temperature is due to an increase in ohmic polarization, and the electrode polarization at the anode and cathode. In addition, the oxidation reaction of hydrogen on an ordinary nickel alloy anode in MCFC is generally considered to take place in the three phase zone, but anyway the area contributing to this reaction is limited. Therefore, in order to maintain a high performance of the fuel cell, it is necessary to keep this reaction responsible area as wide as possible, that is, it is needed to keep the porosity and specific surface area of the anode at a high level. In this study effective anodes are prepared for low temperature MCFC capable of enhancing the cell performance by using zirconium hydride at least in part of anode material.