• Applied Microscopy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.153-163
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• 2000

This study aims to demonstrate the effect of squalene (SQ), one of the natural chelator, on the ultrastructural changes in the mouse liver caused by $HgCl_2$. A total of 40 healthy ICR that weighted 30 gm $({\pm}2gm)$ was used for experiment. The experimental group was divided into two groups; group A and B. The group A administrated $HgCl_2$ (4.0mg/kg) to the intraperitoneal. The group B administrated $HgCl_2$ (4.0 mg/kg) to the intraperitoneal treated with SQ (180 mg/kg, 2 times/day). Each group was observed at 24, 48, 72, 96 hours after injected $HgCl_2$. The results were as follows: 1. Group A Nucleus showed condensation of nuclear membrane at the 24 hours. At the 48 hours, observed distinct condensation. But nuclear membrane be seen relative rounded-shape at the 96 hours. At overall the time, inner cavity of mitochondria swollen and development of cristae weakened. Also electron density of matrix was a little low. At the 72 hours, destruction of the inner and outer membrane of mitochondria observed occasionally. Swelling of inner cavity of rER and destruction of lamellae be found from 24 hours to 72 hours, but at the 96 hours, only some swelling 2. Group B Nuclear membrnae and chromatin be seen normal shape at overall the time. Mitochondria showed destruction of the inner membrane until the 48 hours, but mostly normal shapes. Electron density showed high on the all groups. RER be found swelling of inner cavity at the 24 and 48 hours, but found typical lamellae and observed a number of transfer vesicles around rER at the 72 and 96 hours. These results suggest that squalene attenuates the toxic effect of the $HgCl_2$ in the mouse liver.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.67-82
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• 2002

Objectives: In recent years, extensive focus has been laid on adulteration of herbal medicine with heavy metals. This may be mainly due to soil contamination by environmental pollution. The objective of this study is to identify the contents of various heavy metals in the blood from Ohjeok-san (Wuji-san) Decoction (OD) treated-rats. Methods: For this study, 13 kinds of metals including essential and heavy metals, i.e. A1, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn were analyzed by a slight modification of EP A methods and the following results are obtained. Results: 1. There was no significant difference between the OD-treated groups and control group in liver, kidney, bone, brain and weight, especially no significant difference at the 5th and 10th days in weight and the amount of food intake. 2. The amount of each metal analyzed in the blood were as follows; A1: 2.3~3.07 mg/l, As: 2.90~3.66 mg/l, Cd: 0~0.001 mg/l, Co: 0~0.01 mg/l, Cr: 0.40~043 mg/l, Cu: 0.93~1.88 mg/l, Fe: 414.35~464.46 mg/l, Hg: 0.01 mg/l, Mn: 0.10~0.17 mg/l, Ni: 0.01 mg/l, Pb: 0.03~012 mg/l, Se: 0.73 mg/l, Zn: 3.41~4.13 mg/l by groups, respectively. In control and experimental group, Experimental I and other experimental II, III, IV, and V groups, there were no significant differences. 3. The amount of non-toxic metals (A1, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, Zn) were $64.1{\pm}7.71{\;}mg/l$ in the control group and 60.70~67.58 mg/l in the experimental groups I, II, III, IV and V. The amount of Toxic metals (As, Cd, Cr, Ag, Pb) were $0.68{\pm}0.21{\;}mg/l$ in the control group and 0.57 ~ 0.66mg/l in the experimental groups. The total amount of metals were 32.35 mg/l in the control group and 30.48~34.12 mg/l in the test groups I, II, III, IV and V, respectively. Conclusions: There was no significant difference of metal concentration in the blood from the OD-treated-rats compared to those of the control group even if higher dosage (1~8 times the dosage for a person) of OD was administered. This may be mainly due to a decoction treatment which contains only supernatants filtered from the herb-mass after boiling. This indicates the legal limitation for metal concentration in herbal medicine must be applied according to different treatment methods of herbal medicine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.5-9
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• 2010

In recent, a digital x-ray detector attracted worldwide attention and there are many studies to commercialize. There are two methods in digital x-ray detector. This method is an Indirect method and Direct method. This study is to see the differences between the digital x-ray detector based on a-Se used in the existing indirect conversion method and an x-ray conversion material that has better SNR(Signal-to-noise ratio) and property than the a-Se. To solve the problem that is difficult to make a large area film using Screen-Print method, we used a Screen-Print method. In this study, we used a polyclystal $HgI_2$ as x-ray conversion material and a sample thickness is $150{\mu}m$ and an area is $3cm{\times}3cm$. ITO(Indium-Tin-Oxide) electrode was used as top electrode using a Magnetron Sputtering System and each area is $3cm{\times}3cm$, $2cm{\times}2cm$ and $1cm{\times}1cm$ and then we evaluated darkcurrent, sensitivity and SNR of the $HgI_2$ film are measured, then we evaluated the electrical properties. And we used a current integration mode when I-V test. This experiment shows that the sensitivity increases in accordance with the area of the electrode but the SNR is decreased because of the high darkcurrent. Through fabricating of various thicknesses and optimal electrodes, we will optimize SNR in the future work.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.424-431
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• 2018

The gas separation performance of a mixed membrane structure based on a mixture of polyethersulfone (PES) and cobalt tetraphenylporphyrin-benzylimidazole (CoTpp-BIm) as an oxygen carrier was investigated. The CoTpp-BIm mixed PES membrane had an asymmetric structure with a mixture of finger structure and sponge-like structure, and the upper surface was dense. The gas separation performance test was carried out using $94%\;N_2$ gas and $6%\;O_2$ mixed gas. Oxygen and nitrogen permeability coefficients were measured at ${\Delta}P$ ranging from 15 to 228 cmHg and the permeate side of the PES membrane was maintained at vacuum level. The oxygen permeability coefficient of CoTpp-BIm mixed PES membranes increased as supplied pressure was decreased. When the supply pressure was 15 cmHg, the gas permeability ($P_{O_2}$) was 6676 Barrer, the $O_2/N_2$ selectivity (${\alpha}$) was 6.1, and the promoting factor (F) was 2.39. Based on these results, it was confirmed that the addition of CoTpp-BIm to the PES film improved the oxygen separation characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.245-251
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• 1998

A 10-week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the influence of several minerals from dietary mineral premix on growth and body composition in juvenile Korean rockfish. Three replicate groups of fish Initially averaging 4.2 g were fed one of the ten experimental diets. Korean rockfish muscle and casein as protein sources were used in the basal diet, and deleted one of each mineral (P, Ca, Zn, Mg, Fe, K, Mn, Se or all) in the control mineral premix, Weight gain, feed efficiency and nutrient retention in fish fed the diet not containing mineral premix were significantly lower than those in fish fed other diets (P<0.01). Weight gain in fish fed the diets deleted each mineral (P, Ca, Zn, Hg, Fe, K, Mn or Se) was lower than that of control diet (P<0.01), Feed efficiency and protein retention in fish fed the diets deleted each of P, Ca, Zn or Mn were lower than those ot control diet (P<0.01). Daily feed intake and lipid retention were not affected by dietary mineral premixes ( P>0.01). Proximate analysis and mineral contents in the whole body, muscle, liver or bone of fish fed the diets deleted each mineral were not different to control diet ( P>0.01). The data obtained in this study indicate that each of the P, Ca, Zn, Mg, Fe, K, Mn or Se is essential for normal growth of Korean rockfish.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.31-34
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• 1997

A reversible scalar phenomena in amorphous As$_{40}$ Ge$_{10}$ Se$_{15}$ S$_{35}$ have been investigated by blue-pass-filtered Hg lamp and He-Ne laser. Annealing causes the shift of the absorption edge to shelter wavelengths approximately 0.17ev, also illumination moves it to longer wavelengths about 0.05 ~ 0.07eV and it increases the refractive index maximum 0.3. Therefore the thermalbleaching(TB) and photodarkening(PD) effects have been understood by the results related to optical absorption characteristics. TB could be estimated as increasing the stabilization of amorphous chalcogenide films since absorption slope of extended regions(U) was not changed by annealing. On the other hand, PD could be understood as due to the enhancement of disorder since the slope of Urbach’s tail(1/F) around an absorption edge were decreased by illumination.ion.n.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2007

The concentrations of fourteen mineral and trace elements (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Se, Ba, Co, Cu, V, Pb, Hg, Cd and As) were determined in Ganoderma Lucidum and their infusions consumed for medical purposes collected from Vietnam, China and some places in Korea. Concentrated acid digestion procedure was applied under optimized conditions for dissolution of these medicinal fungi. Element concentrations in these fungi and their in-fusions were then determined by ICP-AES. The mineral and trace element content of these samples and their in-fusions showed a wide variability However, distribution of some elements in the infusions is not high.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.1885-1890
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• 2003

The cooling tower is a device for making a cooling water in the air conditioning system of building, and there are many kinds of cooling tower system for air conditioner. In this paper, we introduced the water cooling system with an enclosed tank and water ejecting system for evaporating the water in tank. The city water was used for a working fluid, and the cooling water is generated by evaporating latent heat in the tank with a $25{\sim}50mmHg$. The time to reaching this vacuum pressure was about $20{\sim}30minutes$, and cooling water was obtained the value of temperature difference ${\Delta}T=7^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.255-262
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• 1993

Major parameters determining the extent of Ca utilization were investigated for their calcination/sulfation behavior of limestone in the AFBC(Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustion) environments. Three different particle sizes of Fredonia limestone were investigated in the lab-scale tubular reactor. The results of the calcination codnversion of limestone imply that thesd decomposition rate of CaCO3 into CaO is dependent on the amount of heat which limestone absorbed. Hg porosimeter measurement of calcined limestone illustrated that surface area and pore volume are increased with decreasing particle size. Raw Fredonia limestone and sequentially as well as simultaneously calcined/sulfated limestones were also examined using SEM. The SEM Studied showed that the surface of the calcined limestone particles is more diffusive nature than that of the parent calcite. However, the sulfur distribution pattern of simultaneously-treated particles and that of the se-quentially-treated one shows no difference.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.280-289
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• 1976

The silver selenide electrode has been prepared and its properties as an indicating electrode for silver ion have been investigated. Epoxy resin was used as a filler of silver selenide electrode. Silver metal plate was directly connected with the membrane of the electrode and the silver paste was used as its binder. The sintered electrode was more sensitive and stable than the pressed electrode, and the silver selenide electrode more sensitive than the silver sulfide electrode to silver ion. The linear relationship between the electrode potential and logarithmic concentration of silver ion has been observed down to 10-6 M for the electrode. Several heavy metal ions except mercuric ion did not interfere this linearity, but halide, cyanide, and thiocyanate ions did intensively interfere owing to the formation of silver compounds and complexes. This electrode has been applied to the potentiometric titration for determining halide ion. It is concluded that interferences from ,$CN^-, SCN^-, S^-, I^-, Br^-, Cl^- and Hg^{2+}$ ions are detrimental to the practical use of the electrodes for measuring pAg.