• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.233-242
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• 2012

Macrophage-derived nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in immune responses. Overproduction of NO by inducible nitric synthase(iNOS) is known to be closely correlated with the pathology of a variety of diseases and inflammations. This study investigated the inhibitory effect of extract from various mushrooms(Phellinus linteus(PL), Inonotus obliquus(IO), Sarcodon aspratus(SA), Hericium erinacium(HE), and Russula cutefracta(RC)) on NO production and its molecular mechanism in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Among the mushrooms, HE extracts exhibited the strongest NO-inhibition activity. It was also found that HE extract inhibited LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression in RAW264.7 cells. The present results give the understanding of biological activities of mushrooms and encourage their application for supplements and cook.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.4 s.91
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• pp.249-251
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• 1999

The yields and the biological efficiency of Hericium erinaceus in the case of the bottle cultivation was 356 g/850 ml, 147.8% and in pot cultivation was 810 g/2,500 ml, 114.3% respectively. On the primordial formation the case of no removing inoculation spawn was well introduced, and the mushroom's yield and biological efficiency was to be high in the case of the bottle's cap was shut. The results in the use of the logs for Hericeum erinaceus's cultural media were to be fine in oak, alder, poplar, black locust in order. And in oak, the yield of the mushrooms were $1195.5\;g/0.1\;m^3$ biological efficiency was 17.3%, the period requirements for primordium was 69 days, and the mushroom's individual weight was 143 g.

• Mycobiology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2000

Mycelium of Hericium erinaceum isolate KU-1 was cultured in liquid medium (HL medium) and solid medium (Ko medium) at pH 4.0 in $28^{\circ}C$. 1.0% glucose or fructose was the most favorable carbon source, and 0.2% amonium acetate or $NaNO_3$ was an exellent nitrogen source for mycelial growth as well as production of antimicrobial substances. The mixture of saw dust 70% with rice bran 30% (SR medium) was the substrate for formation of sporophores. The active substrates in extracts from mycelium, culture filtrate and fruiting body were separated by TLC. The solvent for TLC was EtOAc: Chloroform: MeOH (10 : 5 : 10). Phenol-like substances appeared at Rf $0.5{\sim}0.9$, and fatty acid-like substances appeared at Rf $0.1{\sim}0.2$. The purified materials from the extracts showed antimicrobial effects to Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Microsporum gypseum. The S. aureus was the most inhibited. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of purified white powder and the Hercenone derivatives against S. aureus were $5.65\;{\mu}g/ml$ and $1.85\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.117-123
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• 2013

Hot water soluble extract was prepared from Hericium erinaceus and its neuritogenic activity on PC12h cells was analyzed, which is a clone originating from a rat pheochromocytomon. The moisture content of freeze dried hot water extract was 12.08%. The extract was mainly composed of carbohydrate (51.24%) followed by crude protein (24.04%), crude fat (0.26%), dietary fiber (5.09), and ash (12.18%). Fatty acids, glucan and inorganic constituents were found as minor components. The neuritogenic activity of hot water extract was evaluated under microscopic observation of neurite outgrowth in PC12h cells and by measuring the neurite length of induvidual cell. The extract exhibited strong effect of neurite outgrowth in a dose-dependent manner from 0.01 mg/mL to 1 mg/mL, in which longer neurite outgrowth was observed as the treatment dose increased.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.25 no.4 s.83
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• pp.369-376
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• 1997

These researches were carried out for improvement of medium for mycelial growth of Hericium erinaceus isolate KU-1. It grew well at pH 4 and $25^{\circ}C$. Glucose and sucrose were favorable carbon sources for mycelial growth. As nitrogen sources, ammonium acetate and arginine enhanced mycelial growth. Optimum C/N ratio was 200. Based On the results, the following recipe is suggested for synthetic medium for the mycelial growth: glucose 18.02 g, arginine 2.613 g, ammonium acetate 2.313 g, $CaCl_2\;0.33\;g$, $KH_2PO_4\;8.5\;g$, $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O\;2.0\;g$, $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O\;0.02\;g$, $ZnSO_4{cdot}7H_2O\;0.02\;g$, $MnSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O\;0.02\;g$, water 1 liter. This medium was superior for the mycelial growth to other conventional media such as Yeast malt extract agar (YMA), Park medium, Potato dextrose agar (PDA), Malt extract agar, Czapek-dox agar, Macaya-lizano medium and Yeast extract agar. This new synthetic medium is designated as Ko medium.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.227-236
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory actions of Hericium erinaceus mycelia in BALB/C mice injected with lopopolysaccharide (LPS), called endotoxin. Mice (6 weeks of age) weighing approximately $24.73\pm0.11$ g were divided into 5 groups and were fed on the experimental diets containing Hericium erinaceus mycelia powder (HMP) for 1 week. Experimental groups were NC (normal control), HMP-C (HMP control), LC (LPS control), HMP 3%, and HMP 10%. Endotoxin shock was induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (100 mg/kg BW). NC and HMP-C groups were injected with saline solution (100 mg/kg BW). Food efficiency ratio were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the HMP supplementation groups. Total fat and $\beta$-glucan excretion were higher in HMP supplementation groups than NC and LC groups, while plasma TG level was not different among groups. Plasma ALT levels were significantly (p<0.05) lower in the HMP supplementation groups than in LC group at 8 hr after LPS injection, while tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ and interleukine-6 levels of plasma were not different among groups. Hepatic superoxide dismutase, glutathione-reductase (GSH-red), and glutathione-peroxidase activities were higher in the HMP supplementation groups than in LC group at 4 hr after intraperitoneal injection of LPS. Hepatic GSH levels and protein expression of GSH-red was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the HMP supplemented groups than in LC group at 1 hr, 4 hr and 8 hr after LPS injection. From the above results, it is concluded that Hericium erinaceus mycelia may ameliorate hepatic oxidative stress by LPS through the elevation of hepatic glutathione level and antioxidant enzyme activities, which support the hepatoprotective effect of Hericium erinaceus mycelia.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.737-746
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• 2012

본 연구는 mushroom complete medium(MCM) 액체배지에 수삼 추출물(GE, $65^{\circ}Bx$)을 첨가하여 면역활성이 증진된 노루궁뎅이버섯(Hericium erinaceum) 균사체를 배양하고, 균사체로부터 활성다당성분을 분획하고자 하였다. MCM에 대하여 GE를 5, 10과 15%(v/v) 첨가한 액체배지에서 균사체를 배양하고, 각각의 조다당획분(HE-GE-5-CP, HE-GE-10-CP와 HE-GE-15-CP)으로 분획하여 면역활성을 측정한 결과, HE-GE-10-CP는 HE-GE-5-CP와 HE-GE-15-CP보다 높은 활성을 나타내었으며, GE를 첨가하지 않은 MCM에서 배양된 균사체 조다당획분(HE-CP)보다 유의적으로 증진된 면역활성을 나타내었다. 또한, HE-GE-10-CP의 DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B 분획물 중 가장 높은 활성을 나타낸 HE-GE-10-CP-II획분은 대조군인 HE-CP의 어떠한 획분보다도 유의적으로 높은 면역활성과 암 전이 억제활성을 나타내었다. 한편, 활성획분인 HE-GE-10-CP-II는 arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, glucose와 uronic acid(molar ratio; 0.34:0.26:0.99:1.00:0.39)로 구성되어 있으나, 대조군인 HE-CP의 동일용매 용출획분으로서 HE-GE-10-CP-II보다는 활성이 낮은 HE-CP-II는 fucose, mannose, galactose와 glucose(molar ratio; 0.32:0.55:1.00:0.96)를 함유하여 다른 구성당 분포를 나타내었다. 따라서 노루궁뎅이버섯 균사체 액체배양에서 수삼 추출물 첨가는 균사체의 구성당 변화를 통한 면역활성 증진에 관여하는 것으로 사료되어 기능성 소재 개발에 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.951-959
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• 2009

Most, if not all, Basidiomycetes mushrooms have biologically active polysaccharides showing potent antitumor activity with immunomodulating properties. These polysaccharides have various chemical compositions and belong primarily to the $\beta$-glucan group. In this study, the crude water-soluble polysaccharide HEF-P, which was obtained from the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation, was fractionated by DEAE-cellulose and Sepharose CL-6B column chromatographies. This process resulted in four polysaccharide fractions, named HEF-NP Fr I, HEF-NP Fr II, HEF-AP Fr I, and HEF-AP Fr II. Of these fractions, HEF-AP Fr II was able to upregulate the functional events mediated by activated macrophages, such as production of nitric oxide and expression ofcytokines (IL-1${\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$). The molecular mass of HEF-AP Fr II was estimated by gel filtration to be 13 kDa. Its structural characteristics were investigated by a combination of chemical and instrumental analyses, including methylation, reductive cleavage, acetylation, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results indicate that HEF-AP Fr II is a low-molecular-mass polysaccharide with a laminarin-like triple helix conformation of a ${\beta}$-1,3-branched-${\beta}$-1,6-glucan.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2018

This study aimed to characterize the mycelial morphologies of Hericium erinaceus isolates, including 18 wild-type collections and cultivatable species 'Noru 1' and 'Noru 2', in Korea. The morphological characteristics were used to classify the species based on aerial or branched mycelia and their brownish or whitish colors when grown on potato dextrose agar. Of the wild-type collections, the isolates KFRI 509, KFRI 1091, KFRI 1093, and KFRI 1623 showed faster mycelial growth than the cultivars 'Noru 1' and 'Noru 2'. Moreover, 60% ethanol extracts of the fruiting body of the mushroom showed the highest phenol content and DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of KFRI 507, KFRI 508, KFRI 842, and KFRI 1623 were 10-60% higher than those of 'Noru 1' and 'Noru 2', depending on the extract concentrations. Thus, results suggest that these wild-type collections could be useful for breeding genetic sources or processed food materials with high antioxidant activity.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 2013

This study was conducted to determine the antioxidative activity of Hericium erinaceus (HE) and we investigated that HE extract contributes to cell proliferation and to anti-LPS-induced inflammation. HE extract showed high DPPH free radical scavenging activity. However, the reducing power activity slightly increased in compare with control. Nitrite scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, SOD-like activity of HE were elevated in dose-dependent. The level of total phenolic and flavonoid showed 30.06 mg/100 g and 33.86 mg/100 g, respectively. Linoleic acid oxidation inhibition had reached a maximum level on the fourth day and started to drop from the fifth day. HE extract contributes to cell proliferation on the RAW 264.7 cell. Our finding demonstrated that water extracts of HE possess significant antioxidant activities and may be suggested a new potential source of anti-inflammatory medicines.