• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 2017

This literature review focuses on external treatments for the throat, as found in the classic Korean text, Hyang-Yak-Jib-Sung-Bang Throat. Sections of the text related to external treatment of throat disorders were reviewed. Examples of frequently used external methods include gargling, application of powder, and brushing of the throat. These methods are still used in modern Korean Medicine treatments for Ear-Nose-Throat (ENT) disorders. This discussion is provided with intention to invigorate the ancient practices of throat treatments, by highlighting benefits and results of the therapeutic protocols described in Hyang-Yak-Jib-Sung-Bang Throat. Discovering new effective herbal medicines and developing more precise external treatments will advance ENT treatment in Korean medicine.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.550-569
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of herbal medicine treatment for patients with migraine and to suggest research methods for herbal medicine treatment on migraine. Methods: In this study, a search was conducted through several academic sites using a combination of terms '편두통', 'Migraine', '한약', '한약치료', 'Herbal medicine', 'Herbal medicines', 'Herb', 'Traditional Chinese Medicine', and 'TCM'. Randomized controlled trials using herbal medicine treatments for adult patients with migraine were selected. Results: Ultimately, 46 papers were selected and analyzed. A statistically significant improvement was noted in the treatment group in terms of clinical migraine symptoms and other migraine evaluation tools before and after the herbal medicine treatment. Herbal medicines were administered in decoction, pill, and granule formulations. Many kinds of medicinal herbs, such as 解表藥類, 補益藥類, 淸熱藥類, 活血祛瘀藥類, and 平肝藥類, have been used for migraine. Among them, 川芎, belonging to 活血祛瘀藥類, is mentioned 36 times and is the most frequently used medicine. Herbal medicine was used safely for migraine treatment, without major adverse reactions, and the recurrence rate was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group. Conclusions: In conclusion, the herbal medicine treatment for patients with migraine showed a statistically significant improvement in 46 papers. Future studies should utilize standardized and objective evaluation tools, along with appropriate experimental design. The relevant articles should be increased to a significant level to verify the effect of herbal medicine treatments on migraine.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.91-95
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this study is to report the patient with radial nerve palsy, who improved by Scolopendrae Corpus Herbal-Acupuncture and other Oriental medical treatments. Methods : The patient was managed by Scolopendrae Corpus Herbal-Acupuncture, body acupuncture, physical theraphy and herbal medicine. We took picture of the patient's wrist and checked the power of muscles. Result : After 4 week treatment, the movement and power of wrist was restored to nearly normal range. Conclusions : The results suggest that combination of Scolopendrae Corpus Herbal-Acupuncture and other Oriental medical treatments is good method for treatment of radial nerve palsy. But further studies are required to concretely prove the effectiveness of this methods.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1256-1270
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• 2023

Objectives: This study analyzes domestic research trends on herbal medicine treatments for ulcerative colitis (UC) by examining 28 selected domestic papers using the Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching System (OASIS) as the main search source. Methods: A total of 28 domestic papers were selected on the OASIS platform as the main search source using the keywords "(궤양성 대장염) or (궤양성 대장병)" and "(한약) or (한의학)". Results: There were 11 case report studies and 17 case-control studies published from 2002 to 2022. All the case-control studies only dealt with mice and did not include human subjects. The most common pathologies were damp heat and Changpung. Hwangryunhaedok-tang was the most frequently prescribed herbal formula, and Coptidis Rhizoma was the most commonly used herb across all studies. The results showed that many studies demonstrated the significant effects of herbal treatment. Conclusion: Herbal medicine may exhibit therapeutic effects on various aspects of UC. However, evidence-based studies, such as clinical trials involving human subjects, are needed.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.334-342
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• 2016

In order to evaluate the modified installation methods of roof ventilation devices, derived from the previous experiment ('investigation into the optimum capacity of roof ventilation devices and their deployment'), the conventional and modified (improved) roof ventilation systems were installed in the single-span plastic greenhouse for growing oriental melons. The roof vents ($60{\varphi}$) and roof fans (maximum air capacity of $38m^3/min$) were installed in the spacing of 15m (FT, modified 'side vent+roof fan' ventilation) and 6m (TT, modified 'side vent+roof vent' ventilation) respectively on the roof of greenhouses for the modified roof ventilation treatments, and 20m (FC, conventional 'side vent+roof fan' ventilation) and 8m (TC, conventional 'side vent+roof vent' ventilation) for the conventional ones. The stem diameter, leaf blade lengh, petiole length, and leaf width were lower in the FT and TT treatments than those in the conventional treatments, FC and TC. Although the fruit weight and total yields were slightly lower in the FT and TT treatments, the marketable fruit ratio (%) were higher, as a result of increased fruiting ratio (%) in these treatments, than those of FC and TC. The marketable yields (kg/10a) in the FT and TT treatments were 8,391 kg/10a and 7,283 kg/10a, which were respectively 661 kg/10a and 487 kg/10a higher than those in the treatments of FC and TC. The modified installation methods of roof fan resulted in production of more female flowers and lower fruit drop ratio (%) compared to conventional meathods. In the treatment of the conventional ventilation with roof vent, the fruit weight, fruit length & width, and flesh thickness were higher than in other treatments, but there were no significant differences in the fruit width and flesh thickness among the treatments.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 2019

Objectives : This study analyzed domestic case reports of syndrome differentiation and herbal medicine treatment for tic disorder published from 2000 to 2018 and aimed to seize the latest trend of Korean herbal medicine treatment according to syndrome differentiation. Methods : We searched herbal medicine treatment of tic disorder through five major Korean academic literature databases; NDSL, KTKP, KISS, RISS, DBPIA. Results : 12 articles were included in this study from 49 articles. These studies were analyzed by year, evaluation criteria, Korean treatments, treatment effects, syndrome differentiation, herbal medication, duration of medication, and type of herbal medicine. Treatment results were assessed by YGTSS. Most cases accompanied Korean integrative treatments and only one case report used herbal medicine alone. Most common type of syndrome differentiation for patients was spleen. Duration of medication varied according to each case and decoction was the most used type of herbal medication. Conclusions : It has been reported that herbal medicine treatment according to the syndrome differentiation could be effective in treating tic disorder. This study suggests that additional studies will be required to justify classification of syndrome differentiation and the sole effectiveness of herbal medicine on tic disorder.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.610-615
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate fertigation effects of pig slurry (PS) and chemical fertilizer (CF) in tomato by analyzing the growth and yield, nutrient content and uptake, nutrient use efficiency, and soil characteristics in greenhouse cultivation. The treatments compared were; no-fertilizer, two different levels of PS (26 mg $L^{-1}$ and 52 mg $L^{-1}$), and a control treatment of chemical fertilizer. There was no significant difference in growth and yield between PS and CF treatments. however, yield reduction was observed in PS 26 mg $L^{-1}$ treatment. The N-utilization efficiency in CF treatment was similar to that of PS 52 mg $L^{-1}$ treatment. Nutrient utilization efficiency decreased in order of potassium (K), nitrogen (N), phosphate (P) with 29.2~43.3% in K, 15.8~36.7% in N, and 3.0~6.3% in P. In soil chemical characteristics, soil pH in PS treatment was higher than in CF treatment. In contrast, nitrate content in soil was higher in CF treatment than in PS treatment. The content of exchangeable K in soil was higher in PS and CF 52 mg $L^{-1}$ treatments. There was no significant difference in exchangeable Ca and Mg among those treatments. Therefore, it can be concluded that chemical fertilizers can be substituted by PS based on soil chemical analysis in tomato fertigation culture.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.291-296
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• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of early defoliation on photosynthesis and carbohydrate reserves when the source leaves of 'Fuji'/M9 apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees were removed during the growing period. Bud regrowth rates of 80%, 50% defoliation and non-defoliation treatments were significantly different 82.7%, 45.9% and 2.1% respectively at 30 days after treatment. In all treatments, sucrose and starch concentrations in remaining leaves decreased non-significantly during the 14-day period. No significant changes were observed for total soluble carbohydrates in non-defoliation and 50% defoliation. However, in 80% defoliated treatments, concentrations of sorbitol and total soluble carbohydrates in remaining leaves declined steadily during the 14-day period. It is thought that high sink strength increases the requirements of carbohydrate from remaining leaves more than non-defoliated. The concentrations of starch in the roots tend to decrease non-significantly as percentage of defoliation increased. Photosynthesis of remaining leaves was monitored during the 14-day period after partial defoliation treatments. Net photosynthetic rates (Pn) and stomatal conductance were significantly enhanced in the 80% defoliation. The observed photosynthetic enhancement following partial defoliation may have been due to the enhancement of osmotic potential in leaves. These results were estimated that increasing of photosynthetic rate in the partial defoliation is due to the sink carbohydrate requirements for the current year's secondary growth of buds.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.425-451
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• 2022

Objectives: To review trends of clinical trials on Korean medicine treatments for postoperative sleep improvement. Methods: We searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on Korean medicine treatments for postoperative sleep improvement from ten domestic and foreign databases. Sample sizes, diseases, types of operation, diagnosis tools, pattern identification, interventions, outcome measurements, and main results of included studies were extracted and analyzed. Results: A total of 20 RCTs were selected. Most studies were published in China. The most common target disease was cancer, followed by cardiovascular disease. Most studies lacked detailed description regarding participants such as onset, duration of sleep disturbance, and preoperative sleep issues. Herbal medicine was the most frequently used in 12 studies. The most commonly used prescription was Suanzaoren decoction. The effectiveness of Korean medicine treatment on improving postoperative sleep was found to be significant in most studies. Conclusions: Korean medicine treatments might be effective in postoperative sleep improvement. However, the quality of included studies was low. Therefore, further well-designed research studies are needed to provide high quality clinical evidence on Korean medicine treatments for postoperative sleep improvement.

• Mycobiology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.122-128
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• 2018

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are well-known for their ability to improve plant growth and help plants withstand abiotic stress conditions. Unlike other fungi and bacteria, AMF cannot be stored, as they are obligate biotrophs. Long-term preservation of AMF spores is challenging and may lead to the loss of viability and efficiency. This study aimed to understand the effect of prolonged subculture of AMF species on the growth and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) from red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). AMF spores were mass-produced using different techniques and subcultured in pots with sorghum sudangrass as the host plant for 3 years. Experimental soil samples were collected from natural grassland. Five different AMF inocula were used in triplicate as treatments. After 70 days of growth, red pepper plants were harvested and plant dry weight, plant nutrient content, mycorrhizal colonization, AMF spore count, and soil glomalin content were determined. AMF-treated plants displayed higher dry weight than controls, with only fruit dry weight being significantly different. Similarly, significant differences in phosphorous and potassium contents of the above-ground plant parts were observed between mycorrhizal and control treatments. In addition, soil GRSP content was significantly higher in plants inoculated with Rhizophagus sp. and Gigaspora margarita. The increased plant growth and GRSP content suggest that AMF can be maintained for 3 years without losing their efficiency if subcultured regularly with different symbiotic host plants.