• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

Most of the herb residue producing from oriental medical clinics(OMC) and hospitals(OMH) is wasted in Korea. To develop of adsorbent for removing heavy metal from wastewater, the various pre-treatment methods of the herb residue were evaluated by potentiometric titration, Freundlich isotherm adsorption test and the kinetic adsorption test. The herb residue was pre-treated for increasing the adsorption capacity by cleaning with distilled water, 0.1 N HCl and 0.1 N NaOH and by heating at $370^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. It showed a typical weak acid-weak base titration curve and a short pH break like commercial activated carbon during photentiometric titration of pre-treated herb residue. The log-log plots in the Freundlich isotherm test were linear on the herb residue pre-treated with NaOH or HCl like commercial activated carbon. The adsorption capacity(qe) in the Freundlich isotherm test for $Cr^{6+}$ was 1.5 times higher in the pre-treated herb residue with HCl than in activated carbon. On the other hand the herb residue pre-treated with NaOH showed the good adsorption capacities for $Pb^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$ and $Cd^{2+}$ even though those adsorption capacities were lower than that of activated carbon. In kinetic test, most of heavy metals removed within the first 10 min of contact and then approached to equilibrium with increasing contact time. The removal rate of heavy metals increased with an increase of the amount of adsorbent. Likewise, the removal rates of heavy metals were higher in the herb residue pre-treated with NaOH than in that pre-treated with HCl. The adsorption preference of herb residues pre-treated with NaOH or HCl was $Pb^{2+}>Cu^{2+}$ or $Cd^{2+}>Cr^{6+}$ in the order. Conclusively, the herb residue can be used as an alternative adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals depending on pr-treatment methods.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2001

본 연구의 목적은 고온스트레스하에서 한방부산물의 첨가가 산란계의 생산성 및 난각특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 실시하였다. 사양시험은 41주령 ISA brown 갈색계 144수를 공시하였으며, 처리구로는 옥수수-대두박 위주의 사료(Con; 기초사료), 기초사료에 한방부산물을 1.0% 첨가한 구(KMHR1.0; 기초사료+1.0% 한방부산물), 기초사료에 한방부산물을 2.0% 첨가한 구(KMHR2.0; 기초사료+2.0% 한방부산물)로 3개 처리로 구성되었다. 총 28일간의 사양시험기간 동안, 산란율에 있어 KMHR1.0 처리구가 다른 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높게 평가되었다. (quadratic effect, p<0.01). 산란계 사료내 한방부산물을 첨가할 경우 난중 및 난각강도에는 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 평가되었다 (P>0.05). 난각두께는 둔단부, 예단부 그리고 중앙부에서 한방부산물 첨가구가 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 처리구간에 통계적으로 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다 (P>0.05). 난황색은 대조구와 비교하여 한방부산물의 첨가 수준이 증가함에 따라 높아지는 경향을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다 (P>0.05). 또한, 난황계수에 있어서도 대조구와 처리구간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다 (P>0.05). 혈청내 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지질, HDL-콜레스테롤과 LDL+VLDL-콜레스테롤 함량에 있어서는 대조구와 비교하여 한방부산물의 첨가 수준이 증가함에 높아지는 경 향을 보였으나 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 결론적으로, 고온 스트레스에 노출된 산란계에 있어 1.0% 수준의 한방부산물 첨가는 산란율을 증가시키는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the pesticide residue of herb medicine through high density ozone water cleaning system. Materials and Methods : We purchased ginseng(Panax ginseng) on market and sprayed pesticides (Diazinon) on ginseng. We analyzed pesticide residue according to washing methods(untreated, ozone water cleaning, ultrasonic cleaning, Water cleaning). As a result of each washing methods, in ozone water cleaning method pesticide residue was much less remained than in Ultrasonic Cleaning method and water cleaning method. Conclusions : High density ozone water cleaning is the best method for removing pesticides of herbal medicine.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.129-143
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the residue amount of pesticide on the 41 medicinal herbs in Daejeon area. This study was carried out to monitor the current status of pesticide residues in commercial medicinal herbs for sale of food use in 2012. It was performed using GC/ECD, GC/NPD, HPLC to analyze pesticides residues. Residues of 283 pesticides were analyzed by a simultaneous multiresidue method in 41 medicinal herbs being on sale in Daejeon. The medicinal herbs detected pesticides in 10 of 41 cases, showed a detection rate of 24.39%. The medicinal herbs which exceed the maximum residue limit were five cases as Cnidii Rhizoma, Osterici Radix, Artemisiae Capillaris Herba, Zizyphi Fructus and Alismatis Rhizoma. And pesticide residue of Cnidii Rhizoma and Alismatis Rhizoma exceeds the limit standard presented in only medicine use of KFDA. The residual pesticides which had the high detection rate were Chlopyrifos, Tebuconazole and Endosulfan in the detection of medicinal herbs. For further research, standards of Pesticide Residues in medicinal herbs should be added and more research of pesticide residues in medicinal herbs required. And standards of pesticide residues in medicinal herbs should be applied equally as medicines and food.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.564-574
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• 2022

Microbial diversity in the soil is responsive to changes in soil composition. However, the impact of soil amendments on the diversity and structure of rare and abundant sub-communities in agricultural systems is poorly understood. We investigated the effects of different Chinese herb residue (CHR) soil amendments and cropping systems on bacterial rare and abundant sub-communities. Our results showed that the bacterial diversity and structure of these sub-communities in soil had a specific distribution under the application of different soil amendments. The CHR soil amendments with high nitrogen and organic matter additives significantly increased the relative abundance and stability of rare taxa, which increased the structural and functional redundancy of soil bacterial communities. Rare and abundant sub-communities also showed different preferences in terms of bacterial community composition, as the former was enriched with Bacteroidetes while the latter had more Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria. All applications of soil amendments significantly improved soil quality of newly created farmlands in whole maize cropping system. Rare sub-communitiy genera Niastella and Ohtaekwangia were enriched during the maize cropping process, and Nitrososphaera was enriched under the application of simple amendment group soil. Thus, Chinese medicine residue soil amendments with appropriate additives could affect soil rare and abundant sub-communities and enhance physicochemical properties. These findings suggest that applying soil composite amendments based on CHR in the field could improve soil microbial diversity, microbial redundancy, and soil fertility for sustainable agriculture on the Loess Plateau.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.75-78
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• 2018

식물생장호르몬인 에틸렌의 전구체인 에테폰은 기체상의 에틸렌을 대신하여 가장 빈번히 사용되는 농약 중 하나로, 식물 이차 대사산물의 생산에 사용되고 있다. 최근 콩잎으로부터 식물 이차 대사산물인 이소플라본 생산에 에틸렌 및 에테폰 처리에 관한 연구가 시도되었으나, 에테폰의 잔류안전성에 관한 연구가 보고되지 못하였다. 이에 본 연구는 콩잎 생산시 에테폰을 경엽과 관주 처리하여 나타나는 잔류 변화를 연구하였다. 경엽 처리시 콩잎 중 에테폰의 잔류반감기는 1회와 2회 처리시 26.6 h과 21.1 h으로 확인되었고, 처리 3일 후 콩잎 중 에테폰은 최대 $60mg\;kg^{-1}$이었으나, 콩잎 건조 후 에테폰은 불검출 되었다. 관주 처리시 20.1 h 후 최대 잔류농도가 관찰되었으나, 관주처리에 의한 Total phenol 함량 변화는 관찰되지 않았다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.30-39
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the heavy metal contents in commercial herbal medicines in Korea. Methods: Monitoring of lead, arsenic, cadmium and mercury was carried out on 116 samples of eleven types of herbal medicines. Among the total samples, 71 samples were domestic and 45 were imported. The samples were digested using the microwave method. The heavy metal contents were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and a mercury analyzer. ICP-AES was used to analyze lead, arsenic cadmium. Mercury was analyzed by the amalgamation method. Results: The mean values of the heavy metal contents in the herbal medicines were Pb 0.64mg/kg, As 0.26mg/kg, Cd 0.07mg/kg and Hg 0.004mg/kg. Of the total samples, one violated the MFDS (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) regulatory guidance on heavy metals in herbal medicines. Lead was detected at more than 5mg/kg in one sample. The measured values of arsenic, cadmium and mercury in the herbal medicines showed levels lower than the recommended levels for herbal medicines in MFDS regulatory guidance. In the comparison of domestic samples with imported herbal medicines, it was found that one domestic sample surpassed the maximum residue limits for lead. Conclusion: These results will be used to establish the regulation and control of heavy metal contents in herbal medicines. In addition, continuous monitoring is needed to ensure confidence in and the safety of these herbal medicines.

• 생약학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.106-111
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• 1982

Melampyrum roseum Max. is an annual herb in Scrophulariaceae plants. The materials were collected in Kyeongi-Do in 1980. The BuOH extract was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was column chromatographed over silica gel with benzene-MeOH (8 : 1) as an eluent and it gave the amorphus powder. Compound I has a molecular formula $C_{17}H_{26}O_{10}$ and it was identified as mussaenoside by chemical data, UV, IR, NMR spectra and compared with the authentic sample of mussaenoside tetraacetate.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제28권1호통권69호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

Background : There has been renewed interest in complementary alternative medicine around the world far a decade. On the other hand, the issue of safety of herbal medicine in Korea has been continuously questioned. Issues raised have included not only chemical residue or heavy metals caused by pollution, but also the toxicity of herbal medicine itself. Objectives : The purpose of this study was to review some herbal medicines subject to controversy of toxicity and figure out what kind of problems they evidence. Methods : In this review, PubMed was used to search medical journals. Keywords such as 'herb, or herbal medicine', 'safety, or adverse events, or adverse effect, or toxicity, or liver injury' were applied. Journals were selected by four inclusion criteria, as objectives should be human, researchers should be medical doctors, literature written in the English language, and types of journals should be meta-analysis or practice guideline or reviews. Finally, 9 cases from 60 journals were included in this review. Results : We reviewed 13 herbal medicines for controversy of toxicity such as ephedra(Mahuang), Arisolochia fangchi, Aristolochia manshuriensis, licorice, skullcap , germander, Syo-saiko-to(Xiao-chai-hu-tang), Chelidonium majus, mistletoe, Dictamnus dasycarpus and madder. Conclusions : It suggested that 'who it is prescribed for' is one of the most important factors to identify the causes of toxicity in herbal medicine and dietary supplements, under specific conditions in Korea.

• 생약학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.455-458
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• 2000

Research on pesticide residues as endocrine disruptors in natural medicines was initiated by Korea Food & Drug Administration this year. We determined the presence and levels of certain pesticides in selected natural medicines. The natural medicines collected this year are Glycyrrhiza Root, Cinnamon Bark, Pueraria Root, Polygonatum Rhizome, Jujube, Schizandra Fruit, Lycium Fruit, Liriope Tuber, Eucommia Bark, Peony Root, Korean Angelica, Dioscorea Rhizome, Cnidium Rhizome, Cassia Seed, Platycodon Root, Comus Fruit, Mentha Herb, Epimedium Herb, Bupleurum Root, and Ginger, which have no data for pesticide residues and 192 samples of them were circulated in Korea, 28 samples were circulated in China. In order to analyze many pesticides in large number of samples we used simultaneous multi-residue analysis of pesticides by GC-ECD, which was followed by GC-MSD analysis to confirm the identity of the detected pesticide in each sample.