• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.105-109
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• 2003

Fifty four strains of pathogenic vibrios were isolated from the Gwangan Beach from May to October, 2002. The isolated vibrios were composed of 7 different species: Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae non-O1, V. alginolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. hollisae, V. fluvialis, ane V. mimicus. In the detection rate, V. parahaemolyticus was most predominant as $46\%$(25/54). From the isolated strains, only 25 strains have hemolytic activity or 25 strains only proteolytic activity on agar plates. Eleven strains showed both hemolytic and proteolytic activity. No strains showed urease activity. All strains of V parahaemolyticus did not show hemolytic activity, while V. cholerae non-O1 strains showed $\beta$ hemolytic activity. Kanagawa phenomena of pathogenic vibrios did not accord with hemolytic activity of the culture supernatant at the late log phase. Some strains showed high hemolytic activity despite having proteolytic activity, but some weak hemolytic activities despite having no proteolytic activity.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.77-90
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• 1974

Hemolytic reaction of normal fresh chicken serum on sheep erythrocytes was studied and the following experimental results were obtained and summarized. 1. Chicken sera, 258 (78%) out of 344 samples showed hemolytic activity on sheep erythrocytes. 2. Distribution of a different hemolytic titer of chicken sera was not dependent to sex and age difference of test chicken. 3. Hemolytic activity of serum component obtained from normal fresh chicken was heat inactivated at $56^{\circ}C$. 30 minutes heating. 4. The most enhanced hemolytic activity of chicken serum on sheep erythrocytes was observed at the incubation temperature of $46^{\circ}C$. 5. The most effective pH for the hemolytic reaction of chicken serum on sheep erythrocytes was observed at 7.0, and pH 6.0 or 8.5 resulted less or no hemolysis. 6. Hemolytic reaction of chicken serum and sheep erythrocytes required Mg⧻ and Ca⧻ ions as, co-factor, and the former was required more compared to the latter. 7. Hemolytic activity of chicken serum was observed in ChC 2, 4 fraction but not in ChC 1, 3, ChC 3, 4, ChC 1, 2, 4 and ChC 1, 2, 3 fractions. 8. In electron micrography, morphological changes of sheep erythrocyte membrane by normal chicken serum was similar to that of immune hemolysis: that was, the hemolytic hole was circular and it was surrounded with a white ring. 9. Electron micrography of morphological changes on sheep erythrocyte membrane indicated that the size of hemolytic hole and white ring were functional to the chicken serum concentration used and reaction time.

• 약학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.137-140
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• 1995

Saponin isolated from Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn has been shown to contain a strong anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, several pharmacological properties such as acute toxicity, local irritation and hemolytic activity of Sapindus saponin and its genin component, hederagenirl, were examined. The acute toxicity of Sapindus saponin was very low. Estimated from the LD$_{50}$ values, it showed much weaker toxicity in oral administration than in intraperitoneal injection. Hederagenin gave a very high LD$_{50}$ value even in intraperitoneal injection. Sapindus saponin showed a potent local irritation after topical application, whereas hederagenin did a very weak local irritation. Sapindus saponin also gave a high hemolytic activity.

• BMB Reports
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.545-548
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• 1996

CA(1-8)ME(1-12), the CA-ME hybrid peptide of the amino terminal segments of cecropin A (CA) and melittin (ME), has been reported to have a broad spectrum and improved potency without a hemolytic property. In order to obtain new synthetic peptides with powerful antibacterial activity without hemolytic activity, several hybrid peptides were designed from the sequences of CA, ME, magainin 2, bombinin and lactoferricin. All hybrid peptides were constructed to form an amphipathically basic-flexible-hydrophobic structure and synthesized by the solid phase method. Their hemolytic activities against human red blood cells and antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were detennined. CA(1-8)MA(1-12), CA(1-8)BO(1-12), MA(10-17)ME(1-12) and LF(20-29)ME(1-12) showed comparable activities with broad spectra against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria relative to CA(1-8)ME(1-12) but without hemolytic properties. These hybrid peptides, therefore, could be useful as model peptides to design a novel peptide with improved antibacterial activity and study on structure-activity relationships of antimicrobial peptides.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.272-276
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• 2005

Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 was grown in BHIB medium supplemented with $Mn^{2+}$ for 96 h at $37^{\circ}C$ in a shaker incubator. After removing the microbial biomass, a lipopeptide biosurfactant was extracted from the supernatant. Its structure was established by chemical and spectroscopy methods. The structure was confirmed by physical properties, such as Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB), surface activity and erythrocyte hemolytic capacity. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) and erythrocyte hemolytic capacity of the biosurfactant were compared to those of surfactants such as SDS, BC (benzalkonium chloride), TTAB (tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide) and HTAB (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide). The maximum hemolytic effect for all surfactants mentioned was observed at concentrations above cmc. The maximum hemolytic effect of synthetic surfactants was more than that of the biosurfactant produced by B. subtilis ATCC 6633. Therefore, biosurfactant would be considered a suitable surface-active agent due to low toxicity to the membrane.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.335-343
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• 2005

세균의 용혈활성은 세균이 숙주 내에서 생존하기 위해 필요한 철을 획득하기 위한 특성이며 기능 면에서 볼 때 숙주에 대한 중요한 독력인자로 간주될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 괴사치수 및 치근단 치주염으로 진단된 환자의 근관에서 분리한 Prevotella nigrescens의 용혈활성을 다양한 조건 하에서 측정하여 그 특성을 규명하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 1. 임상에서 분리한 P. nigrescens와 표준균주인 P. nigrescens ATCC 33563에서 모두 용혈활성이 나타났다. 2. 사람, 면양 및 말 세 가지 종에 대해 용혈활성을 비교한 결과 사람의 적혈구에서 가장 강한 용혈활성을 나타내었다. 3. 용혈소 억제제인 $NaN_3$와 dithiothreitol(DTT)는 농도의존적으로 P. nigrescens의 용혈활성을 감소시켰다 (p<0.05) 4. P. nigrescens가 최대 용혈활성을 나타내는 최적의 pH는 4이었으며, $50^{\circ}C$이하의 온도에서는 용혈활성을 보였으나 $95^{\circ}C$에서 급격히 감소하였다. 5.배양조건에 따른 P. nigrescens의 용혈활성을 비교한 결과 $10\%\;CO_2$배양기에 배양한 경우 혐기성 조건에서 배양한 것보다 더 높은 용혈활성을 보였다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제25권4호통권83호
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• pp.253-256
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• 1997

한국산 야생버섯의 독성을 규명하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 46종의 야생버섯의 용혈독성을 검색하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 46종 중 Amanita esculenta, A. griseofarinosa, A. longistriata, A. melleiceps, A. phalloides, A. rubescence, A. spissacea, A. vaginata, Hebeloma crustuliniforme, Lepiota cygnea, Macrolepiota procera, 및 Oudemansiella platyphylla 등 12종의 야생 담자균 냉침액이 마우스 적혈구에 대하여 강력한 용혈활성을 나타내었다. 2) A. griseofarinosa 및 H. crustuliniforme은 $100^{\circ}C$ 수용상에서 5분간 가열하여도 그 용혈 활성이 소실되지 않아 열에 매우 안정한 용혈성분을 함유하는 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.529-533
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• 1996

Melittin (ME) from honeybee venom has a broad range of strong antimicrobial activity, but it has hemolytic activity against eukaryotic cells. In order to design peptides with powerful antifungal activity without cytotoxic property of ME and understand structure-antifungal activity relationships, the hybrid peptides derived from the sequences of ME and cecropin A (CA) or magainin 2 (MA), MA(10-17)ME(1-12) and CA(1-8)ME(1-12). were synthesized by solid phase method. MA(10-17)ME(1-12) showed potent antifungal activity comparable to ME against Fusarium oxysporum with no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells. The hybrid peptides showed strong inhibi- tion of (1, 3)-$\beta$-D-glucan synthase. This result indicates that the antifungal activity of the hybrid peptides against Fusarium oxysporum is attributed to the inhibition of cell wall synthesis. The results therefore showed a successful design of a peptide having antifungal activity without hemolytic property.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.273-276
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• 1989

Bti 균주를 배양하여 포자와 $\delta$-endotoxin의 복합물을 직접 field에 적용시키면 미생물 생태계에 변화를 초래할 가능성이 있으며, 배양 후 포자로부터 $\delta$-endotoxin만을 분리할 경우에는 대량생산을 위한 기술적인 어려움이 있다. 또한 $\delta$-endotoxin은 용혈성 단백질을 함유하고 있어 Bti 균주로부터 무포자이며 $\delta$-endotoxin을 생산하는 변이주의 분리와 아울러 $\delta$-endotoxin의 용혈성 인자의 제거 또는 약화를 시도하였다. 그 결과 Bti 균주를 열처리시켜 SPO3 (Spo$^-$ Cry$^+$) 변이주를 분리 선별하고, 그 $\delta$-endotoxin의 모기유충에 대한 LC$_{50}$ 및 응혈성을 조사해 본 결과 LC$_{50}$는 약 20배, 용혈성은 약 25배정도 야생주의 $\delta$-endotoxin에 비해 약화되었다. 이는 변이주의 $\delta$-endotoxin내에 28KDa 단백질의 소실에 기인된 것이라 생각되며, 이는 면역확산반응과 면역전기영동 및 SDS-PAGE에 의해 확인되었다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.123-125
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• 2000

한국산 야생버섯 22종의 용혈독성을 규명하기 위하여 그 냉침액(cold water extract)의 용혈활성을 검색하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Collybia confluence(밀버섯), Laccaris vinaceoavellanea(색시졸각버섯) 및 Lenzites betulina(조개껍질버섯) 등 3 종이 mouse 및 rat 적혈구에 대하여 강력한 용혈 작용을 나타내었다. 2. L. vinaceoavellanea은 $100^{\circ}C$ 수욕상에서 30분간 가열하여도 mouse 적혈구에 대한 용혈활성이 80% 이상 유지되어, 열에 매우 안정한 용혈성분을 함유하는 것으로 확인되었다.