• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.46-58
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate intestinal immune system activation and anti-metastatic effect on cancer cells by orally administered extracts of Boyanghwano-tang. Methods: To observe immunomodulating effects of Boyanghwano-tang on Peyer's patch cells, we measured cytokines GM-CSF, IL-4. In addition to observing effects of Boyanghwano-tang on hematopoiesis, we measured proliferation of bone marrow cells mediated by Peyer's patch cells in vitro. IgA induction activated in intestinal content and serum was measured to observe the effect of orally administered Boyanghwano-tang on mucosal immune system. After administering ovalbumin (OVA) with Boyanghwano-tang, Proliferation of Peyer's patch cell was measured to investigate gut immunostimulatory effect. Anti-metastatic experiments were conducted in vivo mouse model by using colon 26-M3.1 carcinoma cell. Results: The amounts of GM-CSF and IL-4 in the culture supernatant of Peyer's patch cells were significantly increased compared to the control group. The proliferation of bone marrow cell was significantly up-regualted with Boyanghwano-tang. These results indicate that oral administration of Boyanghwano-tang enhances the secretion of hematopoietic growth factors such as GM-CSF and IL-4 from Peyer's patch cells, and these cytokines also act on modulator of bone marrow cell proliferation. After orally administering OVA with Boyanghwano-tang, IgA induction and Proliferation of peyer's patch cell was up-regulated with Boyanghwano-tang. These results means orally administered Boyanghwano-tang activates intestinal immune system and has an inhibitory effect on tumor metastasis. In addition, We found that orally administered Boyanghwano-tang significantly inhibited tumor metastasis in vivo. Conclusions: Orally administered Boyanghwano-tang appears to have considerable activity on the anti-metastasis by activation of immune system.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2006

Peripheral bood stem cell collection (PBSCC), including peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT), has been utilized worldwide as a very beneficial treatment method instead of allogenic Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) because it has many advantages such as rapid bone marrow engraftment and hematopoietic recovery, easy and safe accessibility and lower risk of rejection compared with allogenic BMT. In order to identify most the observable parameter in PBSCC, we analyzed various hematological parameters before and after PBSCC, and evaluated the correlation between the time of bone marrow engraftment and the number of CD34+ cells. Thirteen patients, who underwent 54 PBSCCs from January, 2003 to August, 2004 at Chungnam National University Hospital due to various systemic neoplasms, were analyzed in aspects of various hematological parameters including CD34+ cells using by Flow Cytometry (FCM). PBSCC harvests are described below: Mononuclear cells (MNC) $2.3{\pm}1.4{\times}10^8/kg$ and CD34+ cells $0.63{\pm}0.35{\times}10^6/kg$ on average, respectively. There was a statistical significance in Hb and Hct before and after PBSCC, but not in WBC and platelet counts. The period to reach the hematological bone marrow engraftment was 13.4(10~21) days and 19.5(11~38) days according to the criteria of absolute neutrophile counts (ANC) ${\geq}500/uL$ and platelet counts ${\geq}50,000/{\mu}L$ in peripheral blood, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the numbers of CD34+ cell and ANC (p<0.05), and a borderline significance between MNC and ANC (p=0.051). We found that a group of patients, who were infused with CD34+ cells more than $3.5{\times}10^6/kg$, reached more rapidly the period of bone marrow engraftment in platelet counts (p=0.040). This present study suggested that Hb and Hct were the most useful parameters and should be closely monitored before and after PBSCC, that a PBSCT with the dosage of more than $3.5{\times}10^6/kg$ of CD34+ cells was needed to perform successful bone marrow engraftment, and additionally that platelet counts could be more useful in indicating bone marrow engraftment than ANC.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.856-861
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• 2021

CD82/KAI1, identified as a metastasis suppressor, was initially known only as a molecular facilitator, but its various functions have recently been revealed. CD82 plays an important role in the stem-progenitor cell, angiogenesis, and muscle. We would like to introduce the recently reported functions and roles of CD82 in this review. CD82 is a member of the tetraspanin family, which consists of four transmembrane domains. The interaction between CD82 and cell adhesion molecules suppresses the metastasis of cancer. CD82 regulates the cell cycle of stem-progenitor cells in the stem cell niche. In the bone marrow, CD82 is expressed on long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs), which show multipotent differentiation potential. The interaction between CD82 and Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) induces quiescence in LT-HSCs. CD82 also regulates Rac1 activity, resulting in the homing and engraftment of HSCs into the bone marrow niche. Besides, CD82 maintains the differentiation potential of muscle stem cells and prevents angiogenesis by inhibiting the expression of cytokines, such as IL-6 and VEGF and adhesion molecules in endothelial cells. CD82 is a key membrane protein that distinguishes the hierarchy of stem-progenitor cells, and is also important for amplification and verification of cellular resources. Further studies on the function of CD82 in various organs and cells are expected to advance cell biology and cell therapy.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.43.1-43.11
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• 2020

Capicua (CIC) is a transcriptional repressor that regulates several developmental processes. CIC deficiency results in lymphoproliferative autoimmunity accompanied by expansion of CD44^hiCD62L^lo effector/memory and follicular Th cell populations. Deletion of Cic alleles in hematopoietic stem cells (Vav1-Cre-mediated knockout of Cic) causes more severe autoimmunity than that caused by the knockout of Cic in CD4⁺CD8⁺ double positive thymocytes (Cd4-Cre-mediated knockout of Cic). In this study, we compared splenic CD4⁺ T cell activation and proliferation between whole immune cell-specific Cic-null (Cic^f/f;Vav1-Cre) and T cell-specific Cic-null (Cic^f/f;Cd4-Cre) mice. Hyperactivation and hyperproliferation of CD4⁺ T cells were more apparent in Cic^f/f;Vav1-Cre mice than in Cic^f/f;Cd4-Cre mice. Cic^f/f;Vav1-Cre CD4⁺ T cells more rapidly proliferated and secreted larger amounts of IL-2 upon TCR stimulation than did Cic^f/f;Cd4-Cre CD4⁺ T cells, while the TCR stimulation-induced activation of the TCR signaling cascade and calcium flux were comparable between them. Mixed wild-type and Cic^f/f;Vav1-Cre bone marrow chimeras also exhibited more apparent hyperactivation and hyperproliferation of Cic-deficient CD4⁺ T cells than did mixed wild-type and Cic^f/f;Cd4-Cre bone marrow chimeras. Taken together, our data demonstrate that CIC deficiency at the beginning of T cell development endows peripheral CD4⁺ T cells with enhanced T cell activation and proliferative capability.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.507-521
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• 1999

Osteopetrosis is an uncommon hereditary bone disorder whose prominent radiologic feature characterized by increased bone density. The authors reported a 7-year-old male patient who referred from local dental clinic for dental problems such as early exfoliation of deciduous teeth(#54,73,83) and delayed eruption of permanent teeth(#31.41.36.46). The patient appeared as a poorly developed. Dental X-ray films showed early exfoliation of deciduous teeth, delayed eruption of permanent teeth, and rampant caries. Lateral view of skull demonstrated increased opacity of calvarium, facial bones, and skull base. Generally the skeletal density is greatly increased throughout all bones. Facial CT showed poor development of paranasal sinuses and mastoid air cells. No hematopoietic and neurologic complications such as anemia, thrombocytopenia, blindness and deafness were found. Also mental retardation was not found. The final diagnosis of this case was a osteopetrosis tarda. Sometimes patient with osteopetrosis tarda may be developed dental problems prior to severe systemic symptoms. The dentist can be the first clinician to see the patient. It is very important for the dentist to have the knowledge of the osteopetrosis and to care the patient's dental problems to prevent complication such as osteomyelitis of jaws.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.81-89
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• 2019

As an epidemiological survey, mortality of marbled rockfish, Sebastiscus tertius observed from a fish farm in Gyeongnam province of South Korea. The major macroscopic sign of the diseased fish was severe multifocal dermal ulceration. Histological observation revealed inflammation, necrosis and colonization of bacteria in various tissues (gill, liver, spleen and kidney). Bacteria was isolated from spleen and kidney in moribund and mortality fish. Seven bacterial isolates from the diseased fish were identified as Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida using API 20E and 20NE, API 50CH API ZYM system. Under light microscopy, infected marbled rockfish showed the lifting of the lamella epidermal layer, edematous changes and hypertrophy of epithelial cell in the gill filament. The atrophy of the mucosal fold, erythema in the intestine, and the necrosis of hematopoietic tissue and renal tubule cells with karyolysis were observed in the kidney. In this study was demonstrated the histological reaction of red marbled rockfish infected by Aeromonas salmonicida. Furthermore, this is the first account of extensive dermatitis in Sebastiscus tertius due to atypical A. salmonicida infection, which has high potential in aquaculture among native fish species.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.126-132
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• 2003

Efficacy and in vivo bioassay of recombinant human erythropoietin (rh-EPO, DWP413) was investigated. Efficacy studies on erythropoiesis were conducted in normal, cisplatin-induced anemic rats and acute hemorrhage - induced anemic rats. Animals were treated intravenously with DWP413 for 5 days, the changes in the number of red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit value (Hct), hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and reticulocyte were examined. In normal rats, at the doses of 50, 250, and 1250 IU/kg/day, in cisplatin-induced anemic rats, at the doses of 50, 100 and 200 IU/kg/day, RBC, Hb, Hct and reticulocyte were increased dose-depen-dently. And in acute hemorrhage-induced anemic rats, DWP413 (150, 450 and 1350 IU/kg/day) significantly increased RBC, Hb, Hct and reticulocytes. In histopathological findings of kidney, cisplatin alone treated rats expressed severe glomerulus and tubular damage. But in the DWP413 treated rats after cisplatin treatment, these were not remarkable compared to cisplatin alone treated rats. In vivo bioassay, DWP413 had 102.43% of bioactivity compared to erythropoietin BRP(Biological Reference Product, European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines). These results suggest that DWP413 might be useful for the therapy of anemia induce by renal failure and acute blood loss.

• BMB Reports
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• v.53 no.9
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• pp.472-477
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• 2020

Osteoclasts are hematopoietic-derived cells that resorb bone. They are required to maintain proper bone homeostasis and skeletal strength. Although osteoclast differentiation depends on receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) stimulation, additional molecules further contribute to osteoclast maturation. Here, we demonstrate that protocadherin-7 (Pcdh7) regulates formation of multinucleated osteoclasts and contributes to maintenance of bone homeostasis. We found that Pcdh7 expression is induced by RANKL stimulation, and that RNAi-mediated knockdown of Pcdh7 resulted in impaired formation of osteoclasts. We generated Pcdh7-deficient mice and found increased bone mass due to decreased bone resorption but without any defect in bone formation. Using an in vitro culture system, it was revealed that formation of multinucleated osteoclasts is impaired in Pcdh7-deficient cultures, while no apparent defects were observed in differentiation and function of Pcdh7-deficient osteoblasts. Taken together, these results reveal an osteoclast cell-intrinsic role for Pcdh7 in maintaining bone homeostasis.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.224-229
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• 2007

Depurination, the release of purine bases from nucleosides by hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond, gives rise to alterations of the cell genome. Although, cells have evolved mechanisms to repair these lesions, unrepaired apurinic sites have been shown to have two biological consequences: lethality and base substitution errors. 2-Bromopropane (2-BP) is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and other organics. In addition, 2-BP has been used as a cleaning solvent in electronics industry. But, 2-BP was found to cause reproductive and hematopoietic disorders in local workers exposed to it. We observed massive depurination after incubation of 2'-deoxyadenosine (dA) and 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) with the excess amount 2-BP at the physiological condition (pH 7.4, $37^{\circ}C$), which were analyzed by HPLC and LC-MS/MS. In addition, time and dose response relationship of depurination in dA and dG induced by 2-BP at the physiological condition were investigated.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.68-79
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• 1996

To investigate the efficiency of a fibrous collagen membrane(FCM) composed of bovine skin type I atelocollagen as a carrier for BMP, partially purified bovine BMP/FCM($0.3mg/10{\times}5{\times}1mm$) composites were implanted into the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of rats. FCM alone was also implanted as a control. The implants were harvested at 1, 2, 3, and 10 weeks after implantation, then prepared for routine light microscopic observation. The FCM alone did not induce osteogenesis and revealed no specific foreign body reaction nor was there any definite resorptive evidence for 10 weeks after implantation, while the BMP/FCM composites induced favorable bone formation in a process that resembled an endochondral and direct ossification mode. At 10 weeks, the well formed bone confined to embedded collagen fibers revealed hematopoietic marrow between bony trabeculae without evidence of resorptive or degenerative changes . These findings support the suggestion that BMP may induce undifferentiated mesenchymal cells into either chondroblasts or osteoblasts or both independantly according to the chemico- physical characteristics of the carrier, which develops the endochondral and/or direct bone formation process, and suggest that the FCM may be a favorable carrier for BMP.