• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2009년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.199-204
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• 2009

This study analyzed the central heating system and the cogeneration system among the methods of supplying energy which have application to the Hydrogen Fuel Cell system and apartment complexes for performance evaluations. Therefore, a feasibility study on the first application of this system in an apartment complexes was considered to evaluate the energy performance by the amount of fuel consumed by the system using Hydrogen Fuel Cell energy and environmental performance by the amount of greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, the Hydrogen Fuel Cell system consumes 83% of fuel while the cogeneration system consumes 81% of fuel comparison to conventional central heating system. The Hydrogen Fuel Cell and the cogeneration system produce 73%t and 70% of greenhouse gas emissions in comparison to conventional central heating system.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.309-316
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• 2003

지정폐기물인 EAF(Electric Arc Furnace) Dust는 현재 대부분이 매립 등 부적절하게 처리되고 있어 지하수 오염 등의 환경 파괴를 일으킬 위험이 있다. EAF Dust의 자원화를 위하여 EAF Dust/점토 조성으로 세라믹 다공체의 제조 가능성을 연구하였다. 출발 원료들의 혼합은 습식 공정으로 행하였으며, 소결 방법은 급속 소결과 일반 소결을 각각 적용하였다. 소결된 시편의 비중, 기공 및 미세구조를 관찰한 결과. 시편내의 발포현상은 탄소(C)의 양과 액상 생성의 유무에 의해 결정됨이 밝혀졌다. 발포를 용이하게 발생시켜 다공체의 경량골재를 얻기 위해서는 소결 시 급열처리하는 것이 유리하였다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.65-77
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• 2015

Resonant converters are well suited for induction heating (IH) applications due to their advantages such as efficiency and power density. The control systems of these appliances should provide smooth and wide power control with fewer losses. In this paper, a simple phase locked loop (PLL) based variable duty cycle (VDC) pulse density modulation (PDM) power control scheme for use in class-D inverters for IH loads is proposed. This VDC PDM control method provides a wide power control range. This control scheme also achieves stable and efficient Zero-Voltage-Switching (ZVS) operation over a wide load range. Analysis and modeling of an IH load is done to perform a time domain simulation. The design and output power analysis of a class-D inverter are done for both the conventional pulse width modulation (PWM) and the proposed PLL based VDC PDM methods. The control principles of the proposed method are described in detail. The validity of the proposed control scheme is verified through MATLAB simulations. The PLL loop maintains operation closer to the resonant frequency irrespective of variations in the load parameters. The proposed control scheme provides a linear output power variation to simplify the control logic. A prototype of the class-D inverter system is implemented to validate the simulation results.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.513-516
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• 2008

We have replicated nanopillar arrays using injection molding process of active heating and cooling method by several peltier devices. The injection melding has a high accuracy ed good reproducibility that are essential for mass production at low cost. Conventional molding processes widely use the water-based mold heating and air cooling methods. However, in case of replication for nano-patterned structures, it caused several defects such as air-flow mark, non-fill, sticking and tearing. In this study, periodic nano-scale patterns are replicated by using injection molding with Peltier devices. Porous nano-scale patterns, which have pore diameter range from 120nm to 150nm, were fabricated by using anodizing process. Periodic nano-pore structures ( $20mm\;{\times}\;20mm$) were used as a mold stamp of injection molding. Finally, PMMA with nanopillar arrays was obtained by injection molding process. By using the Peltier devices, the temperature of locally adiabatic molds can be dramatically controlled and the quality of the molded patterns can be slightly improved.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.238-245
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• 2007

Purpose: In postpartum period, women are very weak and liable to various diseases. So postpartum care is very important. But excessive heating and sweating cause postpartum diseases. Methods: The patient in this case, 37 years-old female was in Kyunghee University East-West neo medical center for 8days(27th/Oct/2006 - 3rd/Nov/2006). Her chief complains when she was admitted in the hospital were sweating, chilling, and mild dizziness. These symptoms were caused by excessive heating and sweating. We thought that her condition was deficiency of Qi. After giving her the therapies with herb medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion, her symptoms got almost disappeared and her condition got better. Results: After the oriental medical treatment, the clinical symptom of postpartum disease was improved. Conclusion: This case study shows that excessive heating and sweating cause postpartum diseases and the oriental medical therapy is effective in treating postpartum disease. And the guideline of postpartum care is needed.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권11호
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• pp.3798-3807
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• 2021

Tritium extraction from radioactively contaminated cement mortar samples was performed using heating and liquid scintillation counting methods. Tritiated water molecules (HTO) can be present in contaminated water along with water molecules (H₂O). Water is one of the primary constituents of cement mortar dough. Therefore, if tritium is present in cement mortar, the buildings and structures using this cement mortar would be contaminated by tritium. The radioactivity level of the materials in the environment exposed to tritium contamination should be determined for their disposal in accordance with the criteria of low-level radioactive waste disposal facility. For our experiments, the cement mortar samples were heated at different temperature conditions using a high-temperature combustion furnace, and the extracted tritium was collected into a 0.1 M nitric acid solution, which was then mixed with a liquid scintillator to be analyzed in a liquid scintillation counter (LSC). The tritium extraction rate from the cement mortar sample was calculated to be 90.91% and 98.54% corresponding to 9 h of heating at temperatures of 200 ℃ and 400 ℃, respectively. The tritium extraction rate was close to 100% at 400 ℃, although the bulk of cement mortar sample was contaminated by tritium.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.191-203
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• 2018

IIn this study, we have developed drying systems for reducing the error by humidity on measuring particulate matter (PM) in the ambient air with optical particle measuring instruments. Two types of drying systems were designed: drying systems using heating and dilution methods. In addition, 3 types of drying systems using a heating method were designed: Type A (1 hole), B (3 holes) and C (7 holes). After making them, the laboratory and field tests were carried out to evaluate the developed drying systems. As a result, it was shown that the PM concentrations obtained by PM monitoring devices with drying systems agree well with that of the reference devices. Therefore, it could be concluded that the drying systems can be applied to PM monitoring devices for real-time monitoring of the ambient aerosols.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

건축물에서 냉방과 난방에 많은 양의 에너지가 소요되고 있다. 건축은 $CO_2$ 발생을 줄이고 에너지 소비 저감을 위하여 냉 난방 부하를 최소화할 필요성이 있다. 그리고 최근 주거문화는 친환경적이고 실내 쾌적성을 중시하는 방향으로 변화하면서 단독주택의 수요가 증가하고 있다. 국내 단독주택의 구조는 크게 조적조, 콘크리트조, 목조 주택으로 구분할 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 세 가지 구조방식(조적, 콘크리트, 목조)으로 구성된 동일 면적 단독주택의 냉 난방 부하와 에너지 요구량을 분석하였다. 구조방식별 벽체, 지붕, 바닥 레이어를 구성하였고, 각 레이어의 열관류율(U-value)은 목조 벽체와 같이 스터드를 고려해주기 위하여 PHPP 계산법을 이용하였다. 또한 스터드 유무에 따른 차이를 비교 분석하기 위하여 목조 벽체에서 스터드를 고려하지 않은 경우(비 스터드)를 분석하였다. 분석은 엑셀을 기반으로 자체 개발한 냉 난방 부하 산출 프로그램(CHLC)과 ECO2를 이용하였다. 냉 난방 부하와 에너지 요구량 결과, 목조 구조가 가장 높은 결과를 보였고 콘크리트 구조는 두 번째로 높은 값을 유지하는 것을 확인하였다. 두 구조방식은 에너지소비 측면에서 불리하다고 판단하였다. 결론적으로, 동일한 조건에서의 조적 구조는 다른 구조방식에 비하여 냉 난방 부하 및 에너지 요구량에 있어 유리하며, 목조 구조에서 스터드로 인한 열교를 제외한다면 에너지소비를 줄일 수 있다고 판단되었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.119-135
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• 2004

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism and effect of moxibustion with salt objectively, to be used as the quantitative data through the measurement of temperature, and to grasp the thermodynamic characteristics of moxibustion with salt. Methods: We have selected of the moxibustion with salt of indirect moxibustion. We make a comparative study of the thermodynamic characteristics of moxibustion with salt as a kind of the 4 salt. We examined combustion times, temperatures, temperature gradients in each period during a combustion of moxa. Results: 1. We make out that it is not significantly change the time of thermal conduction of moxibustion with salt as a kind of 4 salt. 2. The heating period of Refined Salt was long and that of Sun-dried Salt was a short time respectively. The heating period of maximum tamperature is high Sun-dried Salt, Mechanical Salt and Refined Salt orderly. Maximun heating speed in the heating period was $0.151{\sim}0.184^{\circ}C/sec$ and at the same tendency of the maximum temperature in the heating period. 3. The retaining period was shorter than the heating period respectively, that is 15~24% of the combustion time of in the heating period. We make out that it is not significantly different the time of the retaining period as a kind of 4 salt. The mean temperature of retaining period was $43.2{\sim}48.1^{\circ}C$, that was extraordinarily high temperature. 4. We make out that it is not significantly different the time of the cooling period as a kind of 4 salt. The cooling period was measured 223~233sec. Beacuse the same density and size of moxa combustion was made an experiment. 5. The effective combustion time of Refined Salt is longer(259sec) than that of Sun-dried Salt(173sec). It is significantly different the time of the combustion time as a kind of 4 salt. 6. It is significantly different the Sample deviation of the combustion time as a kind of 4 salt because of the water content of the 4 salt individually. Conclusions: As the base on this study, we obtained the conclusion as the follows. The salt of moxibustion with salt was fitted for Sun-dried Salt due to making to Mechanical Salt recently. The Refined Salt is composition rate to another and small size comparatively. So It was fitted for the salt of moxibustion with salt. It is necessary to study continuously about the more suitable moxibustion with salt and quantitative analysis about the moxibustion with salt.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.269-275
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• 2018

온실 냉난방시스템 설계용 외부기상조건의 분석 기준을 설정하기 위하여 연간 백분위 방식에 의한 냉난방 설계기온을 분석하고, 기존의 계절 백분위 방식에 의한 설계기온과 비교 검토하였다. 우리나라 전 지역을 대상으로 현재 기상청에서 제공하는 기후평년값 기준 30년 간의 매 시각 기상자료를 분석에 사용하였다. 표준기상데이터의 이용이 제한적이기 때문에 전체 기상자료를 이용하여 매년 설계용 기상조건을 구하고, 전체 자료기간의 평균값을 분석에 사용하였다. 연간 백분위 방식으로 1년 기준 총 8,760시간의 백분위수 0.4%, 1%, 2%를 냉방 설계 외기온으로, 99.6%, 99%를 난방 설계 외기온으로 제시하였다. 연간 백분위 방식을 채택할 경우 계절 백분위 방식에 비하여 전체적으로 난방설계 외기온은 6.7~9.6% 상승하는 것으로 나타났으며, 냉방설계 외기온은 0.6~1.1% 하강하는 것으로 나타났다. 동일한 온실 조건에서 최대난방부하는 연간 백분위 방식을 채택할 경우 기존의 계절 백분위 방식에 비하여 약 3.0~3.6% 정도 감소하는 것으로 나타났고, 최대냉방부하에 미치는 영향은 미미한 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 난방설계 외기온은 연간 백분위 방식으로의 변경에 대하여 고려할 필요가 있지만, 냉방설계 외기온은 두 방법 간의 차이가 거의 없으므로 아직까지 변경할 필요는 없는 것으로 판단된다. 전체적으로 현재의 계절 백분위 방식으로 분석한 설계 외기온을 사용하여도 큰 문제는 없을 것으로 생각되지만, 기후변화의 영향을 고려하여 주기적인 설계용 기상자료의 분석 및 설계기준의 개정이 필요하고, 현재의 기후평년값 기준연도가 바뀌는 2021년 이후에는 이 기간의 기상자료를 분석하여 새로운 설계기준으로 제공해야 할 것이므로, 그 때 연간 백분위 방식에 대한 전문가 그룹의 검토를 통하여 반영할 필요가 있을 것으로 판단된다.