• Herbal Formula Science
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.35-82
• /
• 2001

In the Encyclopedia Medica Koreana(Dongeuibogam), I have researched 245 prescriptions in which Panax Ginseng plays an important role. And I have got the following results. The healing scope and frequency of ginseng-mainly-included prescriptions are Child Part 29(11.83%), Violent Cough Part 23(9.38%), Sick-by-Cold Part 21(8.57%), Oncosis Part 16(6.53%), Overwork Part 14(5.71%), Gynecologic Part 14(5.71%), Internal Part 13(5.3%), Apoplexy Part 11(4.48%), Mind Part 10(4.08%) and Fecal Part 10(4.08%) prescriptions. And also each of Nausea Part, Anger Part, and Spirit parts has the same 5 (2.04%) prescriptions. And each of Qi Part, Diabetes Meatus Part, Malaria Part, and Humoral Part has 4(1.63%) prescriptions. And each of Foot Part, Choleraic Part, Genital Part, Blood Part, and Voice Part has 3 (1.2%). All of these prescriptions cover 88.88%. And besides listed parts above, Panax Ginseng is all used in 48 Parts: Body-Mind Part. Mouth-Tongue Part, Breast Part, Muscle Part, Swelling Part, Urine Part, Epidermis Part, Heat Part, Anus Part, Stomach Part, Eye Part, Laryngopharynx Part. Uterus Part" Heavy Stomach Part, Head Part, Pulse Part, Hair Part, Navel Part, Emetic Part, Costal Part, Edema Part, Vomiting Part, Superstitious Part, and Cardiac Part, etc. Of the prescriptions in which Panax Ginseng plays an important role, the most representative diseases, which more than 86.8% prescriptions cure, are shock, numbness from cold, Taeeum disease, oncosis, overwork, sick from eating, numbness of extremities, diarrhea, tachycardia, forgetfulness, nausea, heat from kidney, nocturnal emission, short breath, diabetes meatus, malaria, sweating, sweating overnight, beriberi, cholera, insomnia from enervation, sialitis, navel pain, hemorrhage, and loss of voice. The pathology of the prescriptions in which Panax Ginseng plays an important role is divided into the organ problems, six natural factors, seven extreme feelings, unbalanced humoral status, overwork, and, unbalance of qi and blood. Spleen, heart, and uterus is the main cause of organ problems; wind and cold are the main cause of six natural factors; heavy humors are the main cause of unbalanced humoral status; the stasis of seven feelings are the main cause of seven extreme feelings; the lack of stamina and overwork are the main cause of the overwork; the lack of qi, the lack of blood, and, the lack of qi and blood are the main cause of the unbalance of qi and blood. After I have researched the contents of the prescriptions in which Panax Ginseng plays an important role, I could understand the addition of the different prescriptions, combination of medicines, and the role of medicine groups associated with Panax Ginseng. So from now on, the results I have got could be used as the data which show the theoretical basis on the prescriptions.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.69-81
• /
• 1983

The biological effect of hyperthermia on the SCK tumor cells in vitro were analyzed in several respects. A comparision of the survival curve of SCK tumor cells in vitro and in vivo following hyperthermia demonstrated that the cytocidal effect of heating is far greater on the cells in vivo than on the cells in vitro. The pH change in the SCK tumor upon being heated at $43.5^\\circC$ started out at 7.05 and increased to 7.18 during the first 7 min of heating and then rapidly declined to 6.67 by 30 min. Contrary to the decrease in pH in the heated tumors, the pH in the muscle increased significantly when heated to $43.5-45.0^\\circC$. Following hyperthermia at $43.5^\\circC$ for 30 min, a maximum increase in the lactic acid content in the tumor and liver was observed at 1 hr and 3 hr, respectively. The increase in the tumor was followed by a gradual decrease below the control level, whereas the increase in the liver was maintained at quite a steady level for 24 hr. The hyperthermia at $43.5^\\circC$ for 1 hr exhibited a general tendency that high molecular proteins decrease markedly, whereas most of low molecular proteins increase. The most prominent change was that the heat shock protein 70K increased significantly along with other low molecular proteins in heat shocked cells.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.92-97
• /
• 2005

This study was carried out to determine the storage, cryotolerance, heat and drying resistance, when Lactobacillus acidophilus CT 01 isolated from preweaned piglet feces growing at suboptimal temperature. L. acidophilus CT 01 suboptimal temperature incubated for 48 hours had the slowest growth rate at 22℃ but the highest viable cell number after 36 hours at 22℃, with 1.3×10/sup 9/ CFU/mL. In case of 4 and 20℃ storage, the suboptimal temperature incubated groups had a viability higher than the control (p<0.01). The cryotolerance of suboptimal temperature incubated L. acidophilus CT 01 was a higher than the control (p<0.01). When L. acidophilus CT 01 was heat treated at 60℃ for 15 minutes and 30 minutes, the suboptimal temperature incubated L. acidophilus CT 01 at 22℃ had a viability higher more than the control (p<0.01). L. acidophilus CT 01 incubated suboptimal temperature was inoculated by 30% to the carrier, and dried at 50℃ for 12 hours had the highest viability in the suboptimal temperature incubated L. acidophilus CT 01 at 28℃.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.163-169
• /
• 2009

Lovastatin (also known as Mevinolin, Mevacor, and Monacolin K), an inhibitor of the HMG-CoA reductase produced by Aspergillus terreus and other fungi, is used to reduce serum cholesterol levels in human beings. It is derived biosynthetically from two polyketides. One of these is a nonaketide that undergoes cyclization at a hexahydronaphthalene ring system, and the other is a simple diketide, 2-methylbutyrate. Two primer pairs were designed based on the amino acid sequences of lovastatin polyketide synthase and lovastatin diketide synthase for the PCR screening of lovastatin-producing strains. Among the seven selected strains, SJ-2 evidenced the highest level of lovastatin production in both liquid and solid cultures. Soybeans with SJ-2 were treated via 1 hour of heat shock at $30^{\circ}C$ for the mass production of lovastatin. The heat-treated soybeans were inoculated on rice bran and the koji extract was obtained after 15 days of incubation. It yielded the highest level of lovastatin production among the strains, and also evidenced 75% inhibition activity against HMG-CoA reductase. We developed an efficient PCR screening method for lovastatin-producing strains, using lovastatin biosynthesis genes.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.558-564
• /
• 2021

The water purifier market has increased rapidly in recent years. The welding technology of the evaporator is a key component that determines the level of ice production and the cold water performance of an ice purifier. The finger type evaporator of an ice purifier can remove ice and is divided largely into an instant heat method and a hot gas method. In the hot gas type evaporator, particularly during the production process, the pinhole phenomenon inside the copper pipe and clogging problems occur intermittently when welding high-pressure pipes due to the high-temperature oxygen welding. Its use in a water purifier can cause a problem in that ice and cold water do not form, and repairs cannot be made on site. To solve this problem, in this study, a cap jig was applied to improve the welding defect of the hot gas evaporator. In addition, the oxygen welding flame size was adjusted so that the heat source could be well supplied to the cap jig, and the effectiveness was confirmed through a wave pressure test, a test, and a thermal shock test.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.54 no.2
• /
• pp.91-97
• /
• 2015

The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, is the major insect pest that transmitted over 100 plant viruses including tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) of tomato plant as virus vector in the world. In this study, cDNA library of whitefly was constructed using Gateway system for selecting target gene in order to control of B. tabaci using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) vector with RNAi. First of all, when using oligo d(T) rimer, the calculated titer of cDNA library was confirmed with $1.4{\times}10^4$ clones and average insert sizes was confirmed with 1 kb. However, insert size was very big for construction of cDNA. Otherwise, when using attB-N25 random primer and sonication for 6 sec, the calculated titer of cDNA library was confirmed with $1.04{\times}10^5$ clones. But mostly insert band wasn't identified on the electrophoresis, because it seemed that insert size is too small (${\leq}100bp$), also the size of identified insert was somewhat big. Finally, when using oligo d(T) primer and sonication for 1 sec, cDNA insert of whitefly was appropriated for VIGS with 300-600 bp. However, cDNA sequence included a poly A and titer was very low to $5.2{\times}10^2$ clones. It was supposed that heat shock transformation was used instead of electro-transformation. It is considered that when constructing cDNA library for using VIGS vector, (1) random primer should be used for First strand cDNA synthesis in order to remove poly A and (2) sonication for 1 sec should be performed in order to get appropriated insert size and (3) electro-transformation should be performed in order to improve transformation efficiency.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.307-316
• /
• 2008

Transposon-mediated insertional mutagenesis is one of powerful strategy for assessing functions of genes in higher plants. In this report, we have selected highly susceptible and tolerance plant by screening about high salt (3% NaCl) and cold stresses ($4^{\circ}C$) from F2 seeds of 30,000 Ac/Ds insertional mutagenesis lines in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Dongjin). In order to identify the gene tagging, insertion of Ds element was analyzed by Southern blot and these results revealed that 19 lines were matched genotype of selected lines with phenotype from the first selected 212 lines, and 13 lines have one copy of Ds elements. The Franking Sequence Tags (FSTs) of selected mutant lines showed high similarities with the following known function genes: signal transduction and regulation of gene expression (transpoter, protease family protein and apical meristem family protein), osmotic stress response (heat shock protein, O-methyltransferase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and drought stress induce protein), vesicle trafficking (SYP 5 family protein) and senescence associated protein. The expression pattern of 19 genes were analyzed using RT-PCR under the abiotic stresses of 9 class; 250mM NaCl, osmotic, drought, 3% $H_2O_2$, $100{\mu}M$ ABA, $100{\mu}M$ IAA, 0.1 ppm 2,4-D, $4^{\circ}C$ cold and $38^{\circ}C$ high temperature. Isolated knock-out genes showed the positive response about 250 mM NaCl, drought, $H_2O_2$, PEG, IAA, 2,4-D, ABA treatment and low ($4^{\circ}C$) and high temperature ($38^{\circ}C$). The results from this study indicate that function of selected knock-out genes could be useful in improving of tolerance to abiotic stresses as an important transcriptional activators in rice.

• Development and Reproduction
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.67-77
• /
• 2000

Snailfish usually lives at the bottom of the sea and showed typical retrogressive change with specialized tissue structures of skin and skeletons. In order to obtain the specific genes of snailfish, highly expressed in the body, we made subtracted cDNA library and analyzed 200 clones. Totally 200 clones were obtained and sequenced, and among them 62 clones were turned out to be homologous to the known gene, i.e., thioesterase (9), myosin (8), creatine kinase (7), skeletal alpha-actin (6), parvalbumin b (5), ribosomal protein (5), type I collagen (3), muscle troponin (3), dopamine receptor (2), histatin (2), and heat shock protein (2), cystatin (1), lectin (1), statherin (1), secretory carrier membrane protein (1), keratin type I (1), desmin (1), chloroplast (1), muscle tropomyosin (1), reticulum calcium ATPase (1), ribonucleoprotein (1). The remaining 138 clones were low homologous or non-redundant genes through Genbank search. Especially 5 clones were novel and specifically expressed in the body tissues of Snailfish by in situ hybridization. Therefore, we analysed these 5 clones to identify the C-terminal protein structures and motifs, and partly defined the roles of these proteins in comparison with the expression patterns by in situ hybridization. C9O-77, about 5000 bp, was supposed to be a matrix protein expressed strongly positive in epithelium, myxoid tissue, fibrous tissue and collagenous tissue. C9O-116, about 1500 bp, was supposed to be a transmembrane protein which was weakly expressed in the fibrous tissue, epithelium tissue, and myxoid tissue, but strong in muscle tissue. C9O-130, about 1200 bp, was supposed to be an intracytoplasmic molecule usually in the epithelial cells. C9O-161, about 2000 bp, was weakly expressed in epithelium, muscle tissue and myxoid tissue, but specially strong in epithelium. C9O-171, about 1000 bp, was supposed to be a transcription factor containing zinc finger like domain, which was intensely expressed in the epithelium, muscle tissue, fibrous tissue, and in collagenous tissue.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.92-96
• /
• 2011

Rhodococcus sp. strain DK17 possesses three megaplasmids (380 kb pDK1, 330 kb pDK2, and 750 kb pDK3). The alkylbenzene-degrading genes (akbABCDEF) are present on pDK2 while the phthalate operons which are duplicated are present on both pDK2 (ophA'B'C'R') and pDK3 (ophABCR). DK17 with an optimal temperature of $30^{\circ}C$ showed no growth at $37^{\circ}C$. When transferred to $30^{\circ}C$, however, the $37^{\circ}C$ culture began to grow immediately, indicating that $37^{\circ}C$ is not lethal but stressful for DK17 growth. In addition, when exposed to $37^{\circ}C$ even for a short time, a part of DK17 cells lost the ability to degrade o-xylene (a model compound of alkylbenzenes). When two hundred colonies were randomly selected for colony PCR for pDK2-specific akbC, ophC', or pDK3-specific ophC, a total of 29 colonies were found to have lost at least one of the three genes. PFGE analysis clearly showed that all the mutants have different megaplasmid profiles from that of DK17 wild type, which are divided into five different cases: Type I (10 mutants, pDK2 loss and acquisition of a new ~700 kb plasmid), Type II (9 mutants, pDK2 loss), Type III (8 mutants, pDK3 loss and acquisition of a new ~400 kb plasmid), Type IV (1 mutant, pDK3 loss), and Type V (1 mutant, pDK2 and pDK3 loss and acquisition of the ~400 kb and ~700 kb plasmids). The above results showing that growth temperature changes can induce physical changes in bacterial genomes suggest that environmental changes in habitats including temperature fluctuations affect significantly the evolution of bacteria.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.7-13
• /
• 2006

Plastichouse cultivation for crops and vegetables in the winter has been widely popularized in Korea. In the vinylhouse Ultraviolet B penetration is lower than in the field, and so some problems, as plant overgrowth and outbreak of disease, occurred frequently. The effect of artificial supplement ultraviolet B $(UV-B:280{\sim}320nm)$ radiation on the physiological responses and yield of perilla (perilla frutescens) was investigated UV-B ray was radiated on perilla with the 10th leaf stage at the distance of 90, 120 and 150 cm from the plant canopy for 30 days after planting in the vinylhouse. The production of fresh perilla leaves was high in the order of plastic house, ambient+50% of supplemental UV-B, ambient ambient+100% of supplemental UV-B. Enhanced UV-B radiation affected the intensity of thirty-three proteins in 2-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of proteins and ten proteins out of them seemed to be responsive to UV-B : a protein was, ATP synthase CF1 alpha chain, down regulated and nine proteins (Chlorophyll a/b bindng protein type I, Chlorophyll a/b binding protein type II precursor, Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A2, DNA recombination and repair protein recF, Galactinol synthase, S-adenosyl-L-methionine, Heat shock protein 21, Calcium-dependent protein kinase(CDPK)-like, Catalase) were up-regulated.