• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1525-1533
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• 2003

In the precision hot plate for wafer processing, uniform temperature of the upper plate is one of key factors affecting the quality of wafers. The state-of-the-art precision hot plates require temperature Variations less than $\pm$0.4$^{\circ}C$ during heating to 15$0^{\circ}C$, Which is difficult to be obtained only by the improvement of manufacturing techniques alone. In this study, computer aided heat transfer analysis was carried out to obtain the temperature distribution of the currently used reference hot plate for 200mm wafer. The analysis on the reference model assuming constant heat generation rate and uniform heating area showed total variation of 0.926$^{\circ}C$ at 15$0^{\circ}C$. One of the new design approaches based on the change of heating location together with different heat generation rate resulted in total variation of 0.297$^{\circ}C$ which is a 68% improvement compared to that of the reference model.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.138-145
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• 2009

A suspended membrane micro fluidic heat flux sensor that is able to measure the heat flow rate was designed and fabricated by a complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible process. The combination of a thirty-junction gold and nickel thermoelectric sensor with an ultralow noise preamplifier, low pass filter, and lock-in amp has enabled the resolution of 50 nW power and provides the sensitivity of $11.4\;mV/{\mu}W$. The heater modulation method was used to eliminate low frequency noises from sensor output. It is measured with various heat flux fluid of DI-water to test as micro fluidic application. In order to estimate the heat generation of samples from the output measurement of a micro fluidic heat-flux sensor, a methodology for modeling and simulating electro-thermal behavior in the micro fluidic heat-flux sensor with integrated electronic circuit is presented and validated. The electro-thermal model was constructed by using system dynamics, particularly the bond graph. The electro-thermal system model in which the thermal and the electrical domain are coupled expresses the heat generation of samples converts thermal input to electrical output. The proposed electro-thermal system model shows good agreement with measured output voltage response in transient state and steady-state.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.106-111
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• 2001

This paper is a study on the heat generation characteristics of the carbon heating source with high temperature. The main variables of this study are the input current and the amount of carbon heating source. As the results of the experiment in the waste rate of carbon heating source. The case of carbon heating source 300g was large than 500g. As the input current and the temperature are increased, the resistance values of carbon heating source were large. The Joule heat was represented the large value as the amount of heating source decrease with the input current. Finally, the heating source was represented the electrical steady state as the input current is increase.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.842-848
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• 2022

Parametric studies of heat transfer and fluid flow are very important research of interest because the design and operation of fluid flow and heat transfer systems are guided by these parametric studies. The safety of the system operation and system optimization can be determined by decreasing or increasing particular fluid flow and heat transfer parameter while keeping other parameters constant. The parameters that can be varied in order to determine safe and optimized system include system pressure, mass flow rate, heat flux and coolant inlet temperature among other parameters. The fluid flow and heat transfer systems can also be enhanced by the presence of or without the presence of particular effects including gravity effect among others. The advanced Generation IV reactors to be deployed for large electricity production, have proven to be more thermally efficient (approximately 45% thermal efficiency) than the current light water reactors with a thermal efficiency of approximately 33 ℃. SCWR is one of the Generation IV reactors intended for electricity generation. High Performance Light Water Reactor (HPLWR) is a SCWR type which is under consideration in this study. One-eighth of a proposed fuel assembly design for HPLWR consisting of 7 fuel/rod bundles with 9 coolant sub-channels was the geometry considered in this study to examine the effects of system pressure and mass flow rate on wall and fluid temperatures. Gravity effect on wall and fluid temperatures were also examined on this one-eighth fuel assembly geometry. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code, STAR-CCM+, was used to obtain the results of the numerical simulations. Based on the parametric analysis carried out, sub-channel 4 performed better in terms of heat transfer because temperatures predicted in sub-channel 9 (corner subchannel) were higher than the ones obtained in sub-channel 4 (central sub-channel). The influence of system mass flow rate, pressure and gravity seem similar in both sub-channels 4 and 9 with temperature distributions higher in sub-channel 9 than in sub-channel 4. In most of the cases considered, temperature distributions (for both fluid and wall) obtained at 25 MPa are higher than those obtained at 23 MPa, temperature distributions obtained at 601.2 kg/h are higher than those obtained at 561.2 kg/h, and temperature distributions obtained without gravity effect are higher than those obtained with gravity effect. The results show that effects of system pressure, mass flowrate and gravity on fluid flow and heat transfer are significant and therefore parametric studies need to be performed to determine safe and optimum operating conditions of fluid flow and heat transfer systems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.332-336
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• 2000

Cooling characteristics of cooling jacket for spindle system with built-in motor are studied. For the analysis, three dimensional model for the cooling jacket is built by using finite volume method. The three dimensional model includes the estimation on the amount of heat generation of bearing and built-in motor and the thermal characteristic values such as heat flux on the boundary. Numerical results show that flow rate are important factors for cooling characteristics of cooling jacket.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.50-63
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• 2018

The issue of global warming and environmental pollutant has become an international concern due to the widespread use of fossil fuels, and thus waste heat recovery technologies has become important to improve energy utilization. The global market of power generation system using industrial waste heat is rapidly growing at an average rate of 5% due to its advantage of increasing energy efficiency. In order to design an optimal waste heat recovery system, it is necessary to develop a program that offers economic evaluation of each power generating technology according to the heat source conditions. In this paper, the economic analysis module to calculate LCOE is developed and verified the reliability against NETL economic analysis results. As a result of the verification, the error rate is about 6 ~ 7%, which satisfy the accuracy for business feasibility evaluation. In order to enhance the reliability, the module was improved by applying the levelization method used by NETL. As a result of the verification of reliability, the error rate is less than 1% and the accuracy is improved.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.145-151
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• 2010

In this study, an absorption power cycle, which can be used for a low-temperature heat source driven power cycle such as geothermal power generation, was investigated and optimized in terms of power by the simulation method. A steady-state simulation model was adopted to analyze and optimize its performance. Simulations were carried out for the given heat source and sink inlet temperatures, and the given flow rates were based on the typical power plant thermal-capacitance-rate ratio. The cycle performance was evaluated for two independent variables: the ammonia fraction at the separator inlet and the maximum cycle pressure. Results showed that the absorption power cycle can generate electricity up to about 14 kW per 1 kg/s of heat source when the heat source temperature, heat sink temperature, and thermal-capacitance-rate ratio are $100^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, and 5, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.778-784
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• 2012

In comparison with some other light sources, LED has merits such as increased life expectancy, fast response, pollution free, and high energy efficiency. Lately, due to development of LED with high brightness and capacity, LED has widely used in many industrial fields such as automotive, aviation, display, transportation and special lighting applications. Since the high heat generation of LED chips can cause a reduction in lifetime, degradation of luminous efficiency, and variation of color temperature, studies have been carried out on the optimization of LED packaging and heat sinks. In this study, experiments on measuring the heat generation rate of LED and the cooling performance of a heat sink were carried for analyzing the thermal characteristics of LED lighting system in free convection. From the results, dimensionless correlation on the cooling performance of heat sink in natural convection was proposed with Nusselt number and Rayleigh number as a guideline for designing cooling device of LED lightings.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.21-28
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• 2019

To examine the mechanical and combustion characteristics of FRTP, either polycarbonate or nylon were used as a matrix, and either glass fiber or carbon fiber were used as the fiber reinforcement. The fiber reinforcement content was differentiated at 0~40 wt%. The tensile strength and heat distortion temperature increased with increasing reinforcement content. When the fiber reinforcement content was above 30 wt%, the flammability rating showed V-0. As the fiber reinforcement content increased from 0 to 40 wt%, the peak heat release rate of polycarbonate decreased by approximately 51% and that of nylon decreased by approximately 24%. The rate of CO generation decreased for a period of time, and then increased. This appears to have resulted from incomplete combustion. The rate of CO₂ generation shows a similar tendency with the heat release rate. As fiber reinforcement content levels increased from 0 to 40 wt%, the CO₂ peak rate of polycarbonate generation decreased by approximately 50% and that of nylon decreased by 28%.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1986

To predict the fuel clad temperature during the reflooding phase of a LOCA, one may need a knowledge of reflood heat tranfer mechanism in a rod bundle. For this purpose reflooding experiments have been carried out with an electrically heated 3*3 rod bundle. Using the method for the determination of local heat transfer coefficient from the measured wall temperature the parametric effects of coolant flow rate, initial wall temperature, coolant subcooling and heat generation rate on the propagation of rewetting front were investigated. Prediction of the wall temperature histories for these experiments was discussed using REFLUX code with modification of the rewetting temperature correlation. Through this modification, better agreement between experiment and prediction was obtained.