• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.623-629
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• 1998

일반전화기로 통화가 어려운 난청인에게 충분한 수신음량을 공급하기 위해서는 큰 증폭이 필요한데 큰 증폭은 하울링(howling)을 발생시킨다. 본 연구에서는 소리를 크게 증폭하면서 하울링을 억제하는 새로운 방법을 제안하고 이를 적용한 보청전화기를 개발하여 평가하였다. 통화수신 음성은 3개의 밴드로 나뉘어져 각각 독립적으로 증폭되어 난청인의 청력에 알맞게 적합(fitting)된다. 수신음성의 주파수는 카운터에 의하여 시간영역에서 모니터링되는데 카운터부는 비교기를 이용하여 수신 정현파를 구형파로 변환시키고 시간영역에서 구형파 수를 계수함으로써 주파수를 분석하여 하울링이 발행하는가를 판단한다. 전화기는 송수화기 구조가 결정되어 있고 송수신 주파수 범위가 제한되어 있으므로 하울링 또한 일정주파수 범위내 발생하게 된다. 계수기에 의해 하울링이 검출되면 중앙제어부는 해당대역의 증폭도를 빠르게 낮춤으로써 하울링을 억제시킨다. 시험결과 개발전화기는 하울링 없이 40dB 이상 증폭할 수 있으며 중고도 난청인의 어음인지력이 1음절어의 경우는 20%에서 60.8%로, 2음절어의 경우는 28.9%에서 78%로 향상되는 탁월한 개선 효과를 보였다.

• 대한청각학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.72-79
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• 2021

Background and Objectives: The speech-in-noise test is typically performed using an audiometer. The results of the digit-in-noise recognition (DIN) test may be influenced by the flat frequency response of free-field audiometry and frequency of the hearing aid fit based on fitting rationale. This study aims to investigate the DIN test in unaided and aided conditions. Subjects and Methods: Thirty four adults with moderate and severe sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) participated in the study. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for 50% of the DIN test was obtained in the following two conditions: 1) the unaided condition, performed using an audiometer in a free field; and 2) aided condition, performed using a hearing aid with an unvented individual earmold that was fitted based on NAL-NL2. Results: There was a statistically significant elevation in the mean SNR for the severe SNHL group in both test conditions when compared with that of the moderate SNHL group. In both groups, the SNR for the aided condition was significantly lower than that of the unaided condition. Conclusions: Speech recognition in hearing-impaired patients can be realized by fitting hearing aids based on evidence-based fitting rationale rather than by measuring it using free-field audiometry measurement that is utilized in a routine clinic setup.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2022

Background : Tinnitus is common disorder with many possible causes and a symptom of many different diseases but has no effective treatment. Most of tinnitus patients experience the disorder to a degree that their quality of life and productivity are impaired. Especially tinnitus accompanied hearing loss causes severe discomfort in patients. Objectives : 1. Through symptoms of tinnitus, we tried to find out the relationship of Heo-sil(虛實) and Zuang fu bian zheng(臟腑辨證) among tinnitus patients accompanied Hearing Loss. 2. By testing THI, we tried to evaluate the quality of life of tinnitus patients group and tried to compare the quality of life between high-narrow tone and low-wide tone tinnitus patients group. 3. In the future, this study was planned to help monitor the prognosis and determine the progress of treatment for tinnitus patients who also have hearing loss. Methods : 43 patients were recruited in this study who was ill with tinnitus accompanied hearing loss. They wrote out the questionnaire about tinnitus and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory(THI). Results : 1. In tinnitus patients, there were more men than women accompanied hearing loss. The rate of visits was higher as the age increased. 2. Most of the patients who visited the hospital had sensitive hearing loss. 3. In high-narrow tone tinnitus group, phlegm fire congesting-type are more uncomfortable than spleen-stomach weakness-type. 4. In low-wide tone tinnitus group, liver qi depression was the most uncomfortable. Conclusions : The present study suggests that tinnitus pattern may be helpful in differentiating patients with tinnitus, and the effectiveness of treatment can be predicted through differentiation. Zuang fu bian zheng(臟腑辨證) and Distinguishing between Heo(虛) and Sil(實) is expected to have positive effects on tinnitus accompanied hearing loss treatment.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2008년도 하계종합학술대회
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• pp.865-866
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• 2008

Despite the effort for affording hearing handicapped persons facility for living, the investigation of assistive devices which recognize the out of sight circumstance has been studied insignificantly. In this paper, a novel acoustic-aware system is suggested to forward the sudden noise occured by the appearance of a new context to a hearing-impaired persons.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2022년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.284-284
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• 2022

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 1998

디지털 보청기는 기존의 아날로그 보청기에 비하여 많은 장점이 있다. 디지털 신호처리 프로세서의 발달과 더불어 최근에 다양한 디지털 보청 알고리즘과 완전한 디지털 보청기가 선보였다. 디지털 보청기의 알고리즘을 개발하거나 디지털 보청기를 새로이 평가하려는 사람들에게 난청자를 대상으로 하는 임상연구는 필수적으로 거쳐야 하는 과정이다. 그러나 이러한 임상연구는 실제 난청자를 대상으로 하여야 하기 때문에 난청자와 검사자 간에 통상적으로 많은 시간과 노력이 필요하며 원활한 의사 소통이 때로는 어려울 수 있다. 왜냐하면 난청자들의 연령이 너무 어리거나 많아서 의사소통에 지장을 주거나 검사자가 필요로 하는 시간에 비슷한 난청 유형을 가진 대상자를 모으기 어렵다. 본고에서는 임상연구를 보조하여 디지털 보청기 또는 알고리즘이 개발되기까지 수행되어야 할 많은 임상연구의 결과를 예측하고 평가할 수 있는 디지털 난청 시뮬레이션 방법을 제안하고, 실제 환자의 데이터를 사용한 시뮬레이션과 그에 대한 임상 실험을 통하여 시스템의 성능을 평가하였다. 실험 결과, 정상인으로부터 모델링된 환자 데이터와 매우 유사한 측정 결과를 얻어냄으로써, 제안된 시스템이 목적하고자 하는 바를 이룰 수 있음을 검증하였다. 또한 난청 시뮬레이터의 목적인 디지털 보청기 알고리즘을 개발하기 위한 평가 툴로서, 개발 초기에 다양한 디지털 보청기용 알고리즘을 구현하여 실제 난청 시뮬레이터와 연계하여 실험함으로써 보청기 알고리즘의 평가 및 새로운 보청기 알고리즘을 개발하고 평가하거나 향후 난청자를 대상으로 하는 임상연구에서 사용할 수 있는 유용성을 입증하였다.로 우유 교육 프로그램이 향후보다 체계적이고 확대되어 지속적으로 실시된다면, 우유에 대한 의미는 물론 인식 그리고 지식 정도에 있어 효과적인 결과를 유도할 수 있을 것이다.니하였다. 6) Dibutyryl cyclic AMP 및 8-bromo cyclic GMP 모두 혈소판응집률(血小板凝集率)을 감소시켰고, 후자(後者)는 전자(前者)에 비(比)하여 월등(越等)히 현저(顯著)하였다. sodium nitroprusside에 의한 항응집률(抗凝集率)은 methylene blue 전처치(前處置)에 의하여 길항(拮抗)되었으나, bovine hemoglobin전처치에 의하여는 영향(影響)을 받지 아니하였다. 이상(以上)의 성적(成績)을 종합(綜合)하면, 뇌졸중증(腦卒中症)때, 특히 뇌혈전증(腦血栓症)의 응급치료시(應急治療時) sodium nitroprusside의 응용(應用)이 가능(可能)하다고 사료(思料)되며, 이에 대(對)하여 임상적(臨床的) 치료(治療)가 기대되는 바이다.다시 상승(上昇)하는 경향(傾向)이었다. 중성지질(中性脂質) 중(中) climacteric rise 및 숙도(熟度)와 관련하여 변화(變化)한 것은 diglyceride 및 sterol ester의 2종(種)이었으며 glyceride가 중성지질(中性脂質) 전량(全量)의 변화(變化)와 동일(同一)한 경향(傾向)인데 반(反)하여 sterol ester은 climactric onset까지 증가(增加)하다가 기후(其後) 감소(減少)하였다. 인지질(燐脂質)도 저장기간(貯藏期間) 중(中) 처리구(處理區)에 관계(關係)없이 다같이 감소(減少)되었는데, 그 정도(程度)

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.116-124
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the influencing factors of social support, self efficiency and depression among the hearing-impaired and physically disabled on their job stress. Methods: The data were collected from Jan.1 to Aug. 30, 2010 from 151 disabled workers. The instruments for this study were the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS), Social Support Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale and Beck Depression Inventory-Korean Version (K-BDI). The data were analyzed using t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 18.0. Results: The physically disabled show higher social support (t=0.284, p= .001) and self efficacy (t=0.165, p= .024) but lower in depression (t=0.789, p<.001) than the hearing-impaired. There are negative correlation between job stress and social support, job stress and self efficacy but a positive correlation between job stress and depression. These three factors explained 42.9% of the variance in job stress. Conclusion: Social support and self efficacy have positive impacts on job stress but depression has negative impact.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2010

This study examined the relationship between speech intelligibility and comprehensibility for hearing impaired children with cochlear implants. Speech intelligibility was measured by orthographic transcription method for acoustic signal at the level of words and sentences. Comprehensibility was evaluated by examining listener's ability to answer questions about the contents of a narrative. Speech samples were collected from 12 speakers(age of 6~15 years) with cochlear implants. For each speaker, 4 different listeners(total of 48 listeners) completed 2 tasks: One task involved making orthographic transcriptions and the other task involved answering comprehension questions. The results of the study were as follows: (1) Speech intelligibility and comprehensibility scores tended to be increased by decreasing of severity. (2) Across all speakers, the relationship was significant between speech intelligibility and comprehensibility scores without considering severity. However, within severity groups, there was the significant relationship between comprehensibility and speech intelligibility only for moderate-severe group. These results suggest that speech intelligibility scores measured by orthographic transcription may not accurately reflect how well listener comprehend speech of children with cochlear implants and therefore, measures of both speech intelligibility and listener comprehension should be considered in evaluating speech ability and information-bearing capability in speakers with cochlear implants.

• 센서학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.326-331
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• 2014

In this study, a MEMS microphone that uses $Si_3N_4$ as the vibration membrane was produced for application as an auditory device using a sound visualization technique (sound visualization) for the hearing impaired. Two sheets of 6-inch silicon wafer were each fabricated into a vibration membrane and back plate, after which, wafer bonding was performed. A certain amount of charge was created between the bonded vibration membrane and the back plate electrodes, and a MEMS microphone that functioned through the capacitive method that uses change in such charge was fabricated. In order to evaluate the characteristics of the prepared MEMS microphone, the frequency flatness, frequency response, properties of phase between samples, and directivity according to the direction of sound source were analyzed. The MEMS microphone showed excellent flatness per frequency in the audio frequency (100 Hz-10 kHz) and a high response of at least -42 dB (sound pressure level). Further, a stable differential phase between the samples of within -3 dB was observed between 100 Hz-6 kHz. In particular, excellent omnidirectional properties were demonstrated in the frequency range of 125 Hz-4 kHz.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.291-297
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• 2014

Since hand gesture recognition was realized thanks to improved image processing algorithms, sign language translation has been a critical issue for the hearing-impaired. In this paper, we extract human hand figures from a real time image stream and detect gestures in order to figure out which kind of hand language it means. We used depth-color calibrated image from the Kinect to extract human hands and made a decision tree in order to recognize the hand gesture. The decision tree contains information such as number of fingers, contours, and the hand's position inside a uniform sized image. We succeeded in recognizing 'Hangul', the Korean alphabet, with a recognizing rate of 98.16%. The average execution time per letter of the system was about 76.5msec, a reasonable speed considering hand language translation is based on almost still images. We expect that this research will help communication between the hearing-impaired and other people who don't know hand language.