• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.23-39
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• 2007

Objective: The objective of this study is to identify the risk factors for falls among the Korean elderly population. Methods: We analyzed the data on 167 persons of 65 years of age or older who have experienced falls drawn from the Third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We conducted a cross-tabulation analysis and logistic regression analysis of the impact of the socio-demographic characteristics, health-related behavior, mobility, and morbidity upon the frequencies of falls. Results: Among the socio-demographic characteristics, gender(p<0.001), marital status(p<0.1), and the type of medical insurance(<0.1) were found to be statistically significant, Among the constraints on mobility, the severity of walking problems, (p<0.001) and depression(p<0.05) proved to be significant, As for variables related to health-related behavior, the level of routine physical activities (p<0.001) was found significant, Finally, rheumatism(p<0.1), osteoporosis(p<0.05), diabetes(p<0.1), urinary incontinence(p<0.01) were also significant. A logistic regression analysis of the incidence of falls revealed that urinary incontinence was the most important risk factor with an odds ratio of 2.7. Conclusion: Although a variety of factors affect the frequencies of falls in the elderly population, urinary incontinence proved to be the single most important risk factor. This finding implies that education for fall prevention is crucial for those with urinary incontinence.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.182-189
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing health risk behavior in high school students. Methods: The subjects were 512 students from 4 high schools in 3 cities. The questionnaire measured the level of self-esteem, self-efficacy, internal locus of control and health risk behaviors. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results: There were significant differences in the health risk behaviors according to sex, a classification of the school, whether or not smoking of mother, whether or not live alone, level of harmonious family, level of satisfying school-life and three variables of them were significant differences by Scheffe test. There was a significant positive correlation between sub-dimension of health risk behaviors and the self-efficacy, self-esteem, internal locus of control were negative correlation with health risk behaviors. The most important influential factor of the health risk behaviors was the self-efficacy. Conclusion: From the studies reviewed, improving the self-efficacy, self-esteem, internal locus of control and the general social environment of students will probably be the most effective strategies for primary prevention of health risk behaviors.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.31-42
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was undertaken to investigate bio-medical and behavioral risk factor of stroke according to the level of blood pressure among the prospective tele-health users. Method: A descriptive study was conducted using interviews with a structured questionnaire. Of the households in the village, 24 households were selected for inclusion in the study. Among all of the residents from these households, a total of 48 residents who completed all the blood tests as well as the questionnaire. Results: Among bio-medical risk factors including demographic characteristics, physiologic variables, and health history, only triglyceride(TG) was significantly different among normal, prehypertension, and hypertension groups(F=3.78, p<.05). However, regarding behavioral variables, those who were classified as prehypertension and hypertension group reported more frequent drinking, those who were in prehypertension group reported highest scores of stress and lowest frequency of exercise, and those who were in normal and hypertension group showed higher scores of interest on health and lower scores of perceived seriousness of disease and health knowledge than those who were in prehypertension group. Conclusion: Identification and implementation of modifiable risk factors of stroke according to the level of blood pressure are crucial for health care utilizing tele-medicine.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.109-120
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate risk factors for chronic ADL, IADL disability. The study explored clinical and socio-demographic risk factors of functional status decline. Methods: Data from the Survey of Living Condition of Elderly 3-year panel study were analyzed. The study subjects were 5,928 community-dwelling people aged 65 years or older who were no disability in ADL and IADL at baseline. Predisposing factors, pathology, impairment, and functional limitations were regarded as risk factors. Logistic regression analysis was used. Results: During the 3-year study period, 3.9% participants developed chronic ADL disability, 9.4% participants were IADL disabled. After controlling for predisposing factor, the best predictors for ADL disability at 36 months were fall as a pathology factor, cognitive decline, disability judgement, lower limb functional limitation. Comorbidity, fall, cognitive decline, disability judgement, lower limb and upper limb functional limitation were risk factors for IADL disability. Conclusions: Health promotion program focusing elderly is essential to prevent ADL and IADL disability. Mobilizing physical activity should be included in health promotion program for elderly.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.154-168
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify knowledge, awareness, and risk of occurrence of venous thromboembolism among pregnant women. Methods: Subjects were 106 pregnant women treated as inpatients and outpatients at a women's health hospital in a metropolitan city February 19-March 22, 2018. Instruments consisted of questionnaires that included knowledge, awareness, and risk of occurrence of venous thromboembolism queries. Collected data were analyzed by t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Mean score of subjects' knowledge of venous thromboembolism was 4.47 (0-15), mean score of subjects' awareness of venous thromboembolism was 66.98 (25-100), and mean score of subjects' risk factor of venous thromboembolism was 0.98 (0-44). Conclusions: Pregnant women's level of knowledge and awareness of prevention and risk factors on venous thromboembolism, is significantly low. To raise their awareness of risk symptoms and prevent occurrence of the disease, it is essential for nurses as well as medical staffs to: 1) provide an educational program on venous thromboembolism for patients; 2) assess and monitor pregnant women with a risk factor of venous thromboembolism; and 3) implement proper prophylaxis for patients.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.392-403
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the nutritional status of low-income elders in urban areas and factors affecting their nutritional risk. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted. The subjects were 300 elders selected from home visiting clients of DongJack Public Health Center. Data were collected using a questionnaire containing questions on socio-demographic characteristics. health behavior and disease. dietary pattern. Nutritional Screening Initiative. Geriatric Depression Scale and Barthel Index for ADL. Collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. $X^2-test$ and multiple regression analysis using SPSS. Results: Of the subjects, 63% had high nutritional risk, 21.3% moderate nutritional risk, and 15.7% good nutritional risk. NSI score was significantly different according to economic status, subjective health condition, medication, dental health, depression. regularity of diet and meal with family. Multiple regression analysis revealed that depression, subjective health condition, dental health and regularity of diet and meal with family explain 38.1% of nutritional risk. Conclusion: It is necessary to evaluate nutrition status and to control nutritional risk factors such as depression, dental health, regularity of diet and meal with family for improving the health of the low-income elderly.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.80-91
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• 2022

Objective : Hospital workers' mental health has deteriorated because of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of hospital workers and its determinants. Methods : Two surveys were conducted among employees working in a hospital that received COVID-19 patients from the early phase of the pandemic in South Korea. Data on demographics, perceived threat, workplace evaluation, resilience, and mental health status were collected using the Korean General Health Questionnaire-20 in the initial phase (February 2020) and during the third wave of COVID-19 (December 2020) for 467 and 545 workers, respectively. The mental health of hospital workers in the two phases was compared, and the risk and protective factors during the third wave were investigated. Results : The proportion of patients in the psychiatric high-risk group increased from 2.8% in the initial phase to 11.4% during the third wave. The perceived threat, workplace evaluation, and resilience of respondents deteriorated. Risk factors for mental health during the third wave included the perceived threat items of job stress, loss of control, and considering resignation. Protective factors included presence of children, workplace satisfaction, and hardiness in resilience. Conclusion : Hospital workers' mental health deteriorated as the pandemic progressed. General stress and tension such as job stress, loss of control, considering resignation rather than COVID-19-specific stress had negative effects on mental health of hospital workers. Therefore, care for work stress itself can be helpful to maintain the mental health of hospital workers. Also, governance to improve workplace satisfaction or hardiness in resilience can be a potential protective factor for hospital workers' mental health during the prolonged pandemic.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

Objectives: This review is to suggest strategies to reduce risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCD) in South Korea. Methods: Prior research findings on the burden of NCD and associated risk factors and the effectiveness of intervention programs were reviewed. Strategies regarding the control of NCD risk factors were conceived. Results: The author presented research findings from the Global Burden of Disease study on the burden of non-communicable disease (NCD) and associated risk factors in South Korea. Strengths and limitations of population and high-risk strategies for preventing NCDs were introduced. The author also reviewed the evidence on the effectiveness of multiple cardiovascular risk factor interventions and community-based intervention programs on cardiovascular diseases conducted in industrialized countries. Finally, strategies to reduce NCD risk factors in South Korea were suggested. Conclusions: The evidence-based interventions and the importance of population strategies in NCD prevention were highlighted. The author indicated that strategies employed by unhealthy commodity industries to undermine effective public health policies and programs should be actively monitored. It has been suggested that effective high-risk strategies with ecological models to address social risks rather than medical risks among disadvantaged population should be further developed in South Korea.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.128-139
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting health promotion behavior among workers with high risk of metabolic syndrome. This study was based on the planned behavior theory. Methods: The participants were 167 workers at high risk of metabolic syndrome. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Surveyed variables were attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, intention, and health promotion behavior. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 22.0. Results: Perceived behavioral control affected the intention of health promotion behavior among the workers with high risk of metabolic syndrome. It explained 62% of variance in the intention of health promotion behavior (F=40.09, p<.001). Perceived behavioral control and occupation affected health promotion behavior among the risk workers with high risk of metabolic syndrome. The two factors explained 16% of variance in health promotion behavior (F=4.95, p<.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that perceived behavioral control is the only factor affecting health promotion behavior when the theory of planned behavior was applied. Therefore, intervention programs for improving health promotion behavior should be focused on strengthening perceived behavioral control.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.256-266
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was to compare and to examine the factors related to risk behaviors of adolescents living in small and medium-sized cities and in rural areas. Methods: The subjects were 545 adolescents (295 from small and medium-sized cities and 250 from rural areas). The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson corelation coefficients, and multiple regression with IBM SPSS 19.0 program. Results: The factors influencing the risk behaviors of adolescents in small- medium cities were school, peer risk factors and community risk factors, self- control among protective factors, positive communication with parents, positive peer associations, these variables explained 42.0%. The most important variable explaining the risk behaviors of adolescents in small- medium cities was positive communication with parents, followed by community risk factors, peer risk factors, positive peer relationships, school and self-control. The factors affecting the risk behaviors of rural adolescents were school, personal risk factor, peer risk factor, self- control factor, which explained 38.5% of the risk behaviors of adolescents in rural areas. Among them, the most important variable explaining risk behaviors was personal risk factors, followed by peer risk factors, school, and self-control. Conclusion: These finding suggest a need to develop a strategy to improve positive communication with parents for adolescents living in small- medium cities and a strategy to reduce personal risk factors and peer risk factors for rural adolescents.