• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.11-28
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• 2001

This study was to identify the levels of perceived stress, immunity cells, physical health and depression, and their relationships among those variables in the elderly who institutionalized comparing home residents. The result of this study can be used as basic data when applying nursing interventions to increase quality of life in the elderly. The questionnaires to estimate stress, health status and depression were collected through direct interview from July to August in 1999 and immunity cells were measured by venous blood specimen collected from 9 to 10 A.M. during the same period. The collected data were analysed using SAS program. The results were as follows. The score of perceived stress of all subjects was 38.49 and perceived stress score of institutionalized elderly(42.62) was significantly higher than that in home resident elderly(34.52). All immune cells tested in this study such as total T cell, helper T cell, suppressor T cell, T4/T8 ration, total B cell, and NK cell, were all under the standard criteria of cells distributions. Most elderly who institutionalized and reside home replied that their health status was not good. However their physical health activity was mostly good even though institutionalized elderly had more disability than home residents. The highest rate was 67.3% as disability due to arthritis. The score of depression in all subjects was 8.2 that indicated having depressive symptom. There was no difference in the depression level between institutionalized elderly and home resided elderly. There was a significant correlationship between physical health and depression, however, the rest of varibles did not show any significant relationships. In summary, the immune cells in the elderly who replied perceiving low level stress, was under normal range. Their health status was perceived as 'not good' but physical health activity was perceived as 'good'. The relationships of stress, immunity, physical health and depression were partially significant but not had evidence as enough as theoretically the suggested relationship. We suggest that further studies using large sample size and more diverse variables should be performed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 2009

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of depression and to identify the influencing factors of depression. Methods: The data of the 2006 Youth Health Risk Behavior web-based Survey Collected by the Korea Center Disease Control was analyzed by Chi-square test, logistic regression using the SPSS program. Results: The influencing factors of depression by general characteristics were gender, school, health status, socioeconomic status and living with both parents. The influencing factors of depression by health risk behaviors were perceived stress, sleep, effort for weight loss, smoking, drinking and drug use. Conclusion: This study suggested that Depression prevention programs should be developed in considering preventing and reducing health risk behaviors.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2004

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to examine physical health and depression by women's employment status and role satisfaction, and to identify significant predictors for women's health status. Method: With a cross-sectional, correlational study design, a sample of study was consisted of 181 women who were employed or not employed whose child was attending an elementary school through convenience sampling. Data were collected with a structured self-administered questionnaire and analyzed by $X^2$-test, t-test, 2-way ANCOVA and hierarchical multiple regression analysis using SPSS program. Result: Employed women had poorer physical health than that of nonemployed women and women who had greater satisfaction as a parent reported better physical health and lower level of depression than who had lower satisfaction with covariates. Predictor for better physical health after controlling for covariates was being not employed, greater satisfaction with worker's role if employed, and greater satisfaction with parent's role. Women who had lower level of depression reported greater satisfaction with their social roles, but occupancy of multiple roles and role satisfaction as worker were not related to depression. Conclusion: Role quantity and role quality seem to be very important factors to maintain better physical and psychological well-being in women.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.119-125
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living and depression on life satisfaction among aged women. Methods: The sample consisted of 309 aged women of over 60. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Results: Significant factors affecting the life satisfaction were spouse, religion, perceived health status, age, and depression. The most significant variables among them were depression and perceived health status. The explanatory power on life satisfaction was 57% in regression model. Conclusion: Depression and perceived health status are important variables to influence on life satisfaction. Therefore, it is suggested that nursing intervention to reduce or prevent depression and enhance health status should be developed to promote quality of life in aged women.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.12-22
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to investigate factors associated with depression and quality of life (QoL) among the community-dwelling elderly. Methods: This study used a descriptive correlational research design. The subjects were 730 elders aged over 65 living in D district of Daegu. Data were collected using questionnaires for 30 days in April, 2007. The research instruments utilized in this study were a physical function scale of long-term care insurance system, Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form Korea Version (GDSSF-K), and Korean Quality of Life Scale (KoQoLs). The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan, stepwise multiple regression, and Spearman correlation. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 72.6, and 68.8% and 57.9% of subjects were, respectively, female and living alone. 12.3% of variance in depression was explained by age, education, economic status, subjective health, alcohol consumption, condition of teeth, and fall experience. 18.2% of variance in QoL was explained by economic status, number of diseases, condition of teeth, incontinence, paralysis, and IADL. Economic status and condition of teeth were contributing factors to depression and QoL of the elderly. Conclusion: Findings of this study may be useful in understanding the health status of the community-dwelling elderly and developing more regionally specific health promotion strategies.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.115-127
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• 2017

Objectives : To determine the relationship between of subjective recognition of social class and mental health. Method: The participants were adults with mental health experience over the age of 20 from the Korea Health Panel in 2013 (n=5,126). Methods : Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 22.0 The chi-square test and logistic regression analysis used to verify the relationship between subjective recognition of social class and mental health. Results : Lower subjective recognition of social class was associated with experience of depression and suicidal ideation. Other factors associated with depression experience were subjective health status, gender, age, marital status, type of medical care, disability, subjective health status, current smoking and frequency of drinking. Experience of suicidal ideation was, by contrast, associated with subjective health status, age, marital status, economic activity, private insurance, subjective health status and frequency of drinking. Conclusions : Health policies and institutions must be established to optimize health and preventive medicine approaches, especially or mental health as well as the provision of services.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.169-178
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• 2004

Purpose: This study examined the health status of elderly. Method: This is a survey using cross-sectional design. The subject were 122 elders who were 65 and over in Daejeon. Instrumental activity of daily living, nutrition and Body mass index for physical health status, social engagement for social health status, and depression and loneliness for emotional health status were measured. Results: Independent level was medium, and nutrition and BMI were normal level. Social engagement score was 2.38 which means low. Mean depression level was 7.71 and mean loneliness level was 56.77, which means high. The risk factors for vulnerable health status were no spouse, lower pocket money, living at institution, poor subjective health status. Conclusion: This finding indicates that the elderly subjects were in normal physical health status, but social and emotional health status were poor.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.250-258
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the influence of health status and types of health management on depression in middle-aged women. Methods: A convenience sample of 188 participants was recruited from health centers in S city. Using a structured questionnaire, data was collected and analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and linear regression using SPSS/WIN 23 program. Results: Results of the regression analysis showed that perceived current health status (${\beta}=-0.55$, p<.001), no caregiver (${\beta}=0.47$, p<.001), chronic diseases lasting more than three months (${\beta}=0.36$, p<.001), perceived health status compared to peer group (${\beta}=0.32$, p<.001), walking for health (${\beta}=-0.20$, p=.002), caregiver except family (${\beta}=0.18$, p=.001), and gastrointestinal disease (${\beta}=0.10$, p=.022) influenced depression in middle-aged women. Overall, approximately 69.7% of total variance explained this model (adjusted $R^2=0.678$, F=57.21, p<.001). Conclusion: This study suggests that it is more important to understand the level of perceived health status in middle-aged women. Furthermore, it is necessary to develop programs that include various health management methods and strengthen the health care with the help of families and neighbors in order to manage depression in middle-aged women.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.263-274
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• 2018

Purpose: This study examined the correlation of insomnia, sleep quality, depression, and circadian rhythm in nursing students. Methods: A total of 213 subjects completed a questionnaire consisting of their general characteristics, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D), and Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM). The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient using the SPSS 23.0 program. Results: The subjects' mean scores were ISI 7.18; PSQI 11.18; CES-D 16.00; and CSM 30.18. In insomnia, there were significant differences according to caffeine, perceived health status and major satisfaction. In sleep quality, there were significant differences according to perceived health status and major satisfaction. Significant differences in depression were observed according to gender, caffeine, subjective health status, major satisfaction, and circadian rhythm by drinking and exercise. A significant positive correlation was observed among ISI, PSQI, and CES-D. ISI and CES-D were negatively correlated. Conclusion: Tailored health care programs should be developed and applied to prevent and manage sleep-related and emotion-related problems in nursing students by considering the health status, major satisfaction, and gender.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.391-400
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• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine depression in order to identify and improve health care policies promoting health among Korean women. Method: There were 329 participants, all older than 18 years old, and staying in Kyungki-Do, city. The data was collected from July to September 1999. The instrument used for this study was the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) to evaluate depression. The collected data was analyzed with frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, $\chi$2-test and Multiple logistic Analysis. Result: The result of this study are as follows: 1. Among the participants, 90.6% had normal to mild depression and 9.4% had severe depression. 2. For general characteristics, there were significant difference in the degree of depression according to age(P=0.0001), and marital status(P=0.0001). As for health related characteristics, the depression scores were affected by health perception(P= 0.0001), menopause(P=0.0005), stress (P= 0.0001) and sexual activity(P=0.0001). 3. There was a significant relationship between marital status and stress. Conclusion: This study suggests that a replicate study is needed. The results are also is useful in developing various nursing intervention programs.