• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.680-695
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for developing nursing intervention for middle-aged women. This study identified health status, family functionality and spousal relationship and analyzed relationship between individual characteristics and family functionality/ spousal relationship. The subjects, of this study were 1.723 women from 45 to 55 years of age, who lived in J city. Data were analyzed using percentages, means, t-tests, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficients with the SPSS statistical program. The results of the study were as follow: 1. The rate of women who perceived themselves to be healthy was 36.6%, those who did not was 30.8%. The most frequent health problem was a disease of the skeletal system (13.2%). 2. The mean score of family functionality was $3.25{\pm}.60$, with cohesion score of $3.58{\pm}.66$ and adaptability score of $2.99{\pm}.63$. 3. The mean score of total spousal relationship was $3.22{\pm}.42$; the relationship with in-laws was 3.78; sexual relationship, 3.74; life style, 3.44; and recreational activity. 3.39. 4. The women who experienced menopause perceived themselves to be unhealthier than those who did not. 5. Healthy women had a high score at total spousal relationship. personality of spouse. life style, recreational activity, and children's influence. 6. The women from 40 to 50 years of age. and women who graduated from middle or high school and had medium economic status showed a high score in family functionality. There was no correlation between family functionality and experience of the menopause. 7. Lower aged women were not good in personality of spouse (p<.05), sexual relationship (p<.05), and relationship with relatives (p<.05), Inexperienced women's menopause was influenced by their children (p<.05), Women who graduated from middle or high school (p<.001) and had medium economic status (p<.05) showed a high score in spousal relationship. 8. The higher the family functionality score. the higher spousal relationship. score (p<.001): love and communication (p<.001), personality of husband (p<.05), and religion (p<.001). relationship with relatives (p<.05), but the lower the score of recreational activity (p<.05), and share of role (p<.001) in the spousal relationship. 9. In the family functionality, the higher the cohesion score. the higher was the adaptability score (p<.001). l) The higher the cohesion score, the higher were love and communication, personality of husband. life style. sexual relationship. and children's influence, but the lower were share of role in spousal relationship(p<.001). 2) The higher the adaptability score, the higher were love and communication, religion, but the lower were the personality of husband, life style. sexual relationship, recreational activity, relationship with relatives, share of role(p<.001), and children's influence in spousal relationship (p<.05). 10. Variables within the spousal relationship have relationships with other variables. 1) The higher the love and communication score. the higher personality of husband religion, life style, communication. relationship with relatives, and children s influence (p<.001). 2) The higher personality of husband life style sexual relationship. recreational activity, relationship with relatives, share of role, and children's influence (p<.001). 3) The higher the religion score, the lower the recreational activity score (p<.05). 4) The higher the life style, the higher were the sexual relationship, recreational activity. relationship with relatives. share of role, and children's influence (p<.001). 5) The higher the sexual relationship score. the higher were recreational activity. relationship with relatives, share of role. and children's influence (p<.001). 6) The higher the recreational activity, the relationship with relatives, share of role. and children's influence (p<.001). 7) The higher the relationship with relatives, the higher were the share of role. the higher children's influence (p<.001). In conclusion. the spousal relationship was not good in unhealthy women, and the family functionality was related with the age of women and educational level. Also the spousal relationship was related with the age of women, personality of husband, sexual relationship. relationship with relatives by marriage and influence of sons and daughters. Menopause was related with spousal relationship, not related with family functionality. And the family functionality not related with perceived health status. but was correlated with spousal relationship. Therefore, the health management program for middle-aged woman should take place before menopause and must be based on promoting the family functionality and spousal relationship as well as physical health.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1195-1206
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze relationship between oral health status and subjective oral malodor awareness of public health students. Furthermore, this study aimed to recognize the importance of prevention and treatment of internal and external factors and to contribute to the correct oral health management behavior. Methods: The study subjects were 500 students from 5 health departments of 2 universities located in Jeollanamdo who participated in self-administered survey from September 1 to 15, 2014. For statistical analysis, SPSS 21.0 for Windows was used. Descriptive analysis and a Chi-square test were conducted to investigate the effects of general characteristics, health behavior, oral health behavior, and oral health status on subjective oral malodor awareness. Finally, to investigate the relationship between oral health status and subjective oral malodor awareness logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: Subjective oral malodor awareness was significantly higher in the group requiring dental care with the score of 1.63 (95% CI 1.00-2.65) compared to the group not requiring dental care. Subjective oral malodor awareness was significantly higher in the severe coated tongue group with the score of 5.31 (95% CI 1.45-19.40) and significantly higher in the moderate coated tongue group with the score of 2.56 (95% CI 1.61-4.08). Subjective oral malodor awareness was significantly higher in the often mouth breathing group with the score of 2.13 (95% CI 1.02-4.47) and significantly higher in the sometimes mouth breathing group with the score of 2.66 (95% CI 1.65-4.29). Conclusions: In order to prevent oral malodor, it is emphasized that regular dental checkups, proper brushing after the meal, and brushing of the tongue are necessary to remove the coated tongue. In addition, the use of supplementary oral care products is considered to be a meaningful oral health behavior.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1117-1128
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• 1995

This study investigated whether social and psychological factors were related to nutritional status of the elderly. Food habits, social contacts and psychological the test score were collected from 86 institutionalized elderly women aged 65-96 in Chon-buk area. Social health status was measured by score of social contacts with others. Depression, self-esteem and locus of control were measured to evaluate psychological health status by using Zung DSI(Depression Status Intentory), Rosenberg SES(Self-esteem scale) and Rotter's vs external control, respectively. Social contacts of the total subjects were lowered, and in the group of over 85, contacts with relatives were significantly decreased compare to under 85 years of age groups. Psychological health status such as depression and self-esteem were also lowered, but locus of control showed internal control that indicates positive attitude to eating behavior. Most of the nutrients intake were positively correlated to self-esteem scores(p<0.05), but not to nutritional risk index score. Intake of vitamin C was related to social health status as well as psychological health status. Increasing the number of contact with relatives, intakes of carbohydrates, fiber, vit B1, vit C, Ca and P were elevated(p<0.05). As the score of self-esteem increased, intakes of fiber, Fe, vit B1, niacin, vit C, and vit A were increased. It is suggested that social activity and health education programs will be needed to improve the nutritional status of the institutionalized elderly.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.205-221
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• 2007

Purpose: This research was to investigate the level of importance and performance of daily-activity and environment management related to workplace health promotion and knowledge and opinion of law and regulation related to workplace health promotion. Methods: The subjects were 218 occupational nurses all over the country. Questionnaires were made by the researcher. Data were collected from September 18 to October 20, 2006 and analyzed by SPSS WIN 12.0. Results: Prevention of accident and emergency treatment got the highest score in the awareness of importance. Regular check-up got the highest score in performance level. Providing and wearing of the personal protective equipments got the highest score both importance and performance level. In occupational nurses' knowledge about law and regulation, ratio of correct answer was 55 percentages that was low intellectual level. The mandatory employment of occupational health nurse or occupational nurse in 50 - 500 person workplaces got the highest score in revision opinion of law and regulations. Conclusion: Result of these studies will provide baseline data for selecting the order of priority according to awareness of importance of daily-activity, environmental management and law and regulation in the occupational health promotion and operating health promotion program.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.792-802
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• 2002

This cross-sectional study was designed to explore the relationship among social support, experienced stressful life events and health behaviors of Korean undergraduate students, and validate the mediator effect of social support. Method: One thousand four hundred fifty-three undergraduate students were randomly selected from five universities located in the middle area of Korea. Result: The health behaviors of Korean undergraduates tend to have unhealthy patterns. In the case of the students living without family, experiencing more stressful life events and perceiving lower social support, health behaviors are poor. The relationship between perceived social supports, the frequency of the experienced stressful life events and the score of health behavior patterns is statistically significant. After controlling the effect of social support, the correlation coefficient between the frequency of experienced stressful life events and the score of health behavior patterns was slightly lower. The score of health behaviors between the group with an extremely high score of social support and the group with an extremely low score were statistically significantly different. Conclusion: Future studies need to be pursued to develop various strategies such as a health education programs and counseling programs for health maintenance and health promotion of undergraduates.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.46-55
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• 2010

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of social support and quality of life of stroke patients. Methods: Stroke patients were interviewed by a direct contact survey among 160 person. A structured questionnaire was configured about demographic features, social support and health related quality of life(SF12). Data were collected from July to August 2009. Results: Among social support, satisfaction of dependable when you need help is the highest score(5.3) and console you when you are very upset is the lowest(4.0). Vitality among health related quality of life(HRQOL) is the higest score(55.9) and general health score is the the lowest(17.4). Physical component score(PCS) is lower than mental component. The results of multiple regression analysis about the factors affecting the PCS and MCS score, disability grade and feel better variable gave effect HRQOL. Conclusions: For improvement of HRQOL, among stroke patients, community social support, specially, when patients feeling generally down-in-the dumps, the rely on to help feel better was needed.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.667-675
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was purposed to provide basic data for developing future health promotion programs by comparing health-promoting behavior, life satisfaction and self-esteem between the Korean elderly and the American-Korean elderly. Methods: The subjects were volunteer participants of 120 elders in the Gyeongsan City in Korea and 120 elders in the state of Washington in the U.S. Tools used in this study were Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (47 items), Life Satisfaction Scale (20 items) and Self-Esteem Scale (10 items). To analyze data, this study used frequency, percentage, chi-square test, t-test, Kendal tau test, Pearson's correlation coefficient with SPSS program. Results: 1) The average score of health-promoting behaviors was 3.21 in Koreans and 3.50 in American-Koreans, showing a significant difference between the two groups. 2) The sub-scales that got the highest score of health-promoting behaviors were self-actualization and nutrition(M=3.41) in Koreans and nutrition(M=3.61) in American-Koreans, and that with the lowest score was exercise in both groups(2.89 in Koreans and 3.02 in American-Koreans). 3) The average score for life satisfaction was 2.76 in Koreans and 3.06 in American-Koreans, showing a significant difference between the two groups. 4) The average score for self-esteem was 3.39 in Koreans and 3.09 in American-Koreans, showing a insignificant difference between the two groups. 5) Health-promoting behaviors were positively related to life satisfaction and self-esteem. Life satisfaction was positively related to self-esteem in both groups. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, the health-promoting behaviors of Korean and American-Korean elders strongly correlated with life satisfaction and self-esteem. Therefore, health promoting programs that enhance life satisfaction and self-esteem should be developed in order to promote the elderly's healthy lifestyle.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.30-38
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• 2019

Background: Police officers' stress perception, frequency of stressful events (stressors), and police work characteristics may contribute to poor sleep quality through different mechanisms. Methods: We investigated associations of stress severity (measured by stress rating score) and frequency of stressors with sleep quality and examined the influence of police work characteristics including workload, police rank, prior military experience, and shift work on the associations. Participants were 356 police officers (256 men and 100 women) enrolled in the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress Study from 2004 to 2009. A mean stress rating score and mean frequency of stressors occurring in the past month were computed for each participant from the Spielberger Police Stress Survey data. Sleep quality was assessed using the global score derived from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index survey. Linear associations of the stress rating score and frequency of stressors with sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index global score) were tested. Age, sex, race/ethnicity, and smoking status were selected as potential confounders. Results: The stress rating score was positively and independently associated with poor sleep quality (${\beta}=0.17$, p = 0.002). Only workload significantly modified this association (${\beta}=0.23$, p = 0.001 for high workload group; p-interaction = 0.109). The frequency of stressors was positively and independently associated with poor sleep quality (${\beta}=0.13$, p = 0.025). Only police rank significantly modified the association (${\beta}=0.007$, p = 0.004 for detectives/other executives; p-interaction = 0.076). Conclusion: Both police officers' perception of stress severity and the frequency of stressors are associated with poor sleep quality. Stress coping or sleep promotion regimens may be more beneficial among police officers reporting high workloads.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.43-50
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• 2008

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between self-concept and mental health of physical therapy students. Methods: We recruited 179 currently enrolled college freshman, sophomores, and juniors studying physical therapy. The instruments used for this study were Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale, Choi Chung Hoon's Perceeptual Orientation Scale, and the Mental Health Test modified by Lee. Results: The mean self-concept score was 3.97, a positive self concept, and the mean mental health score was 1.04. The mean dimension score for mental health ranged from: r=0.79$\sim$r=1.29. The relationship between self-concept and the mental health showed a negative correlation (r=-0.693, p<0.01). Conclusion: Modifications to the current program may improve self-concept and the mental health of physical therapy students.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.123-133
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• 2003

A survey was done to figure out the HPLP(health promotion lifestyle profile) of the teachers of health-related disciplines and not-health-related disciplines. 205 teachers in middle and high school were surveyed from 4th February to 2nd April 2003. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The HPLP score of the teachers of health-related disciplines (mean $2.73{\pm}0.44$) was higher than that of the teachers of not-health-related disciplines (mean $2.48{\pm}0.40$). Sub category's mean of the teachers of health-related disciplines was self-realization 2.99, interpersonal-relationship 2.92, health responsibility 2.65, nutrition 2.64, stress management 2.52, exercise 2.27 and that of the teachers of not-health-related disciplines was self-realization 2.84, interpersonal-relationship 2.70, health responsibility 2.24, nutrition 2.39, stress management 2.23, exercise 1.98. 2. When HPLP score were examined according to demographic characteristics, health status and self-efficacy, the results showed that of the teachers of health-related disciplines was higher than that of the teachers of not-health-related disciplines. 3. Gender, degree of grief and depression, and self-efficacy have statistically significant effect on the HPLP score of the teachers of health-related disciplines, and subjective health status, concern about health, degree of stress, and self-efficacy were significant on that of the teachers of not-health-related disciplines. This results were indicated the teachers of health-related disciplines show better role model in health than the teachers of not-health-related disciplines. As self-efficacy is the most important factor on the HPLP score, it is very important to introduce programs to raise self-efficacy of teachers in middle and high school.