• 보건행정학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.126-147
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• 2000

This paper empirically explores the nature of the medical service industry and its various propagation effects on the economy in the input-output model, as revealed by a comparative analysis between Korea and Japan. The main findings of the paper are as follows; First, the growth of medical industry induces above-average effect on employment. Second, the industry is of the characteristics of weak both backward and forward linkage effects implying a 'final demand dependency industry'. When compared with public service sectors, however, the medical services industry shows stronger backward linkage effect than those sectors. Furthermore, it has strong repercussion effects on the goods industries. Third, in order to produce per unit of services, the medical services industry of Korea uses relatively more drugs and medical devices than that of Japan. In general, it has been shown that production structure of medical service industry in Korea is 'hardware-oriented' one; on the other hand, 'software-oriented' in Japan which means that, as intermediate inputs, outsourcing and informatization has been used than those of Korea. From the findings of the paper it could be emphasized that the medical organizations in Korea should put more efforts on shifting the current hardware-oriented production structure to strengthen core competence by enhancing productivity and by outsourcing to improve efficiency of production process. However, the medical organizations in Korea would not have enough incentives for high value-added production structure because they enjoy high operating surplus. Therefore, it would be necessary that government policy should be taken into account of these environments.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.53-78
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• 1999

Despite of the vibrant nature of the fitness industry, there has not been a sustained effort to understand the dynamics of the industry, particularly with reference to the quality of services offered in that industry. The purpose of this paper is to present a system based process model of quality in health/fitness services. The characteristics of the organization, the service employees and the client are the inputs into the service encounter where the service is produced (i.e., the throughput). The output is the quality of the service. The extent of quality perceived by both the service provider and the client is said to influence the satisfaction of the respective parties, and subsequent motivation to participate in the production of quality in the service. The model also suggests that physical environment as well as other customers and their behaviors influence customer perception of service quality. The quality of service is enhanced through the quality assurance practices of the organization and the feedback from client. Further, the input, throughput, and output in our model reflect (a) quality of the design of the service delivery system, (b) objective quality of the product, and (c) quality as perceived by client. The specific attributes of the design element (i.e., organization, service employee, and the client) are elaborated upon. It is suggested that the organization can assure quality by seeking feedback from clients and service employees, monitoring the service production phases, and managing inter-customer interactions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2015

Magnesium sulfate is widely used as a food additive and as an orally administered medication. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible cytotoxicity of magnesium sulfate on AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells and gastric mucosa in mice. A trypan blue exclusion assay was used to determine the reduction in viability of AGS cells exposed to magnesium sulfate, and then effects on cell proliferation were quantified. The role of magnesium sulfate-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine production in AGS cells was also investigated. mRNA expression for IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-${\alpha}$ was determined by RT-PCR, and secretion of these cytokines was measured by ELISA. Immunohistochemical evaluation of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$ expression was conducted in mouse gastric mucosa. Addition of 3 to 50 mM magnesium sulfate to AGS cells inhibited both cell proliferation and cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Magnesium sulfate had little effect on production of IL-$1{\beta}$ or IL-6 but significantly inhibited production of IL-8. The animal model demonstrated that magnesium sulfate induced production of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$. These preliminary data suggest that magnesium sulfate had a direct effect on the stomach and initiates cytotoxicity in moderate concentrations and time periods by inhibiting viability a nd proliferation of AGS cells and by regulating expression and/or release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.416-419
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• 2011

Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) is a widely used chemical model for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is thought that imbalances in the T helper (Th) cell subsets contribute to IBD. Recent studies suggest that the acute DSS-colitis model is polarized toward a Th1/Th17 profile based on RT-PCR analysis of colonic tissues. In the current study we determined whether colonic Th cells from DSS-colitis mice were skewed toward the Th17 profile. Mice were treated with 5% DSS for 7 days and colonic T cells isolated and examined for production of IFN-${\gamma}$ (Th1 cell), IL-4 (Th2 cell) and IL-17 (Th17 cell) by intracellular flow cytometry. We found that the percentage of colonic Th17 cells were similar to non-treated controls but the percentage of Th1 cells were elevated in DSS-colitis mice. These results suggest that in the acute DSS-colitis model the colonic Th cells exhibit a Th1 profile and not a Th17 profile.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Lycii fructus and Astragalus membranaceus mixed extracts on immunomodulators and prevention in a streptozotocin-induced diabetes rat model. A total of 28 male rats were divided into four dietary groups and fed a commercial diet (A), commercial diet plus induced diabetes by a streptozotocin (STZ) injection (B), induced diabetes by STZ plus medicinal crop extracts(I&$H^{(R)}$) diet (C), and medicinal crop extracts (I&$H^{(R)}$) diet (D). Immunoblotting analyses revealed cytokine expression, and ELISA analyses revealed immunoglobulin E and nitric oxide production. As a results, the tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as a inflammatory cytokine were decreased. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and signal transducer and activation of transcription 3 (STAT3) cytokine related in diabetes expression through JAK/STAT3 pathway were also decreased. Furthermore, immunoglobulin E and nitric oxide production were decreased in the serum and lens, respectively. These results suggest that Lycii fructus and Astragalus membranaceus mixed extracts provide positive effects on immunomodulators and prevention in diabetes and eye disease complications.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.142-146
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• 2017

More effective production of human insulin is important, because insulin is the main medication that is used to treat multiple types of diabetes and because many people are suffering from diabetes. The current system of insulin production is based on recombinant DNA technology, and the expression vector is composed of a preproinsulin sequence that is a fused form of an artificial leader peptide and the native proinsulin. It has been reported that the sequence of the leader peptide affects the production of insulin. To analyze how the leader peptide affects the maturation of insulin structurally, we adapted several in silico simulations using 13 artificial proinsulin sequences. Three-dimensional structures of models were predicted and compared. Although their sequences had few differences, the predicted structures were somewhat different. The structures were refined by molecular dynamics simulation, and the energy of each model was estimated. Then, protein-protein docking between the models and trypsin was carried out to compare how efficiently the protease could access the cleavage sites of the proinsulin models. The results showed some concordance with experimental results that have been reported; so, we expect our analysis will be used to predict the optimized sequence of artificial proinsulin for more effective production.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.59-83
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• 2013

최근 출산율의 감소와 고령화 추세에 따른 인구구조의 급격한 변화로 인하여 보건의료산업의 중요성이 높아지고 있다. 이미 많은 선진국들은 IT관련 산업에서 벗어나 전략산업으로 보건의료(HT: Health technology) 산업을 집중육성하고 있다. 한국도 경제성장을 통하여 소득수준이 향상되면서, 국민들은 건강에 대한 관심이 높아지고 이에따라 보건의료에 대한 국민적 수요가 증대됨으로 인하여 정부차원의 연구개발 투자의 확대가 필요하다. 이에 본 연구는 산업연관분석을 이용하여 보건의료산업에 대한 국가 연구개발(R&D: Research and Development) 투자가 국민경제에 미치는 효과를 수치화해보고자 한다. 위 분석은 국가 R&D 투자가 이루어지는 보건의료산업을 내생부분이 아닌 외생화시켜 타 산업분야에 대한 순수한 파급 효과를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 보건의료산업의 생산 및 부가가치유발 효과는 공통적으로 부동산 및 사업서비스와 금융 및 보험부문이 높게 나왔다. 이러한 부문은 보건의료산업과 관련이 있는 세부분류를 포함하고 있음을 의미한다. 또한 보건의료산업의 취업유발효과는 도소매부문이 가장 높은 수치를 나타냈으며, 그 뒤를 부동산 및 사업서비스, 농림수산품 부문 순으로 나타났다. 보건의료산업의 전 후방 연쇄효과는 평균인 1보다 낮은 수준을 보이고 있는데 이는 보건의료산업이 최종수요적 원시산업의 형태를 가지고 있다는 것을 의미한다. 또한 실제 2009년 보건의료산업 관련 국가 R&D투자금액을 대입하여 보건의료관련 정부연구개발비가 경제에 미치는 생산 및 부가가치 금액을 도출해본 결과 전체산업에 생산유발은 약 4,932억원, 부가가치유발은 약 2,163억원의 경제적 파급효과를 미치는 것으로 분석되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.827-837
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• 2019

The present study was conducted with the aim to investigate the ameliorative effects of a new soybean product (cheonggukjang) fermented with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SCGB1 (SFBA) in atopic dermatitis (AD) mouse model. Visual evaluation of AD induction in the mice indicated the remarkable control of SFBA in reducing the pathological severity of AD-like skin lesions reported as the SCORAD score of AD clinical symptoms. The results revealed that SFBA reduced dorsal skin and epidermal thickness to a similar extent with prednisolone. Further analysis revealed the dominance of SFBA in restraining mast cell infiltration in the dermis; immunoglobulin-E expression in serum; and TH2 IL-4 cytokine and itch-related IL-31 cytokine in the mice skin and serum. SFBA also suppressed scratching behaviours in mice induced by compound 48/80. Further histological findings also revealed the alleviation of collagen fiber deposition in dermal skin of the AD mice model. These actions of SFBA were examined to be mediated by its suppression of the phosphorylation activation of key signalling molecules such as $NF-{\kappa}B$ and MAPK responsible for the induction of cytokine production. Thus, SFBA can be considered as a promising functional food for managing clinical, histological and immunological spectra associated with AD.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.172-180
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to measure the causal relationships among food involvement, health, mood, convenience, sensory appeal, weight control, and fruit consumption. A total of 290 questionnaires were completed. A structural equation model was used to measure the causal effects of the constructs, and the structural analysis results for the data indicated an excellent model fit. The effects of food involvement on health, mood, convenience, sensory appeal, weight control, and fruit consumption were statistically significant. As expected, health, mood, and weight control had significant effects on fruit consumption. Moreover, food involvement had a significant indirect effect on fruit consumption through health, mood, convenience, sensory appeal and weight control. For the future development and testing of conceptual models that integrate the relationships among personality traits, food choice motives, and fruit consumption, this study may approach a deeper understanding of the complex relationships among fruit consumption behavior-related variables. Greater understanding of these complex relationships can improve the managerial diagnosis of the problem and opportunities for different marketing strategies, including fruit production and fruit product development and marketing communications.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1996

본 연구는 사육, 급사, 급수, 번식, 건강 관리, 환기 및 열 관리, 자료 분석 등에 대한 기계화 및 자동화의 현황과 수준을 분석 평가하고, 이를 토대로 양돈 시설의 최적화 생산 시스템 모델 개발의 연구 방향을 설정하기 위하여 수행되었으며 앞으로의 연구 방향을 다음과 같이 설정하였다. 1) 종모돈, 종빈돈, 분만돈은 단사식으로 사육하고, 자돈, 육성돈, 비육돈은 군사식으로 사육하는 것과 돈방 배열은 복열식으로 하는 것을 기준으로 한국형 환경 제어용 스라트 무창돈사를 개발한다. 2) 한국형 환경 제어용 스라트 무창돈사에 적합한 환경 제어 시스템과 분뇨 처리 시스템을 개발한다. 3) 전자식 개체식별장치를 개발한다. 4) 전자식 개체식별장치와 컴퓨터를 이용한 자동 개체 습식 급사 시스템을 개발한다. 5) 번식돈을 위한 전자식 개체식별장치에 의한 개체 관리 시스템을 개발한다. 6) 건강 관리 및 자료 분석 등을 종합 관리할 수 있는 전문가 시스템을 개발한다.