• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.108-113
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• 2010

Decreasing products lifecycles and increasing consumers desires for quality and design make the automotive industries try to reduce time for developing new designs. In order to reduce developing time, I have designed head lamps, which are really important to have an effect on brand identities and images, using layers concept that is one of the international automotive design trends by alias and photoshop, and produced prototype by RP. To assemble the produced prototype to the body and manufacture the frame to exterior modelling efficiently, I have studied on joining dissimilar materials of aluminum alloy that can make the prototype lighter and stainless steel, which is good for corrosion resistance by using laser beam. These materials were welded for finding the optimum joining condition and evaluating the soundness of joining zone. The joining was performed under the condition of laser power 500, 550, 575, 600W and 11~14Hz. In this study, the suitable joining condition between aluminum alloy (Al 2024) and stainless steel (STS 304) can be obtained at the laser power 575W and frequency 12Hz.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-5
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• 2019

In this study, micro cellular injection molding of automobile head lamp housing with uneven thickness structure was performed to obtain improvement on deformation and light-weight of the part. The thickness of the presented model was uniformly modified to control the deformation of the molded part. In order to maximize the lightweight ratio, the model having an average thickness of 2.0 mm were thinly molded to an average thickness of 1.6 mm. GFM(Gas Free Molding) and CBM(Core Back Molding) technology were applied to improve the problems of the conventional foam molding method. Equal Heat & Cool system was also applied by 3D cooling core and individual flow control system. Warpage of the molded parts with even cooling was minimized. To improve the mechanical properties of foamed products, complex resin containing nano-filler was used and variation of mechanical properties was evaluated. It was shown that the weight reduction ratio of products with light-weighted injection molding was 8.9 % and the deformation of the products was improved from the maximum of 3.6 mm to 2.0 mm by applying Equal Heat & Cool mold cooling system. Also the mechanical strength reduction of foamed product was less than 12% at maximum.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.55-60
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• 2017

This paper presents the motorcycle inspection standards of electrical system, frame & body, lights and speedometers. 187 real-world motorcycles are visually and mechanically inspected according to the developed inspection standards. The non-compliance rate of inspection standards of the lights is 23.7% and main causes are damage, tinting, painting and coloration of head-lamp, number plate lamp, front-rear position lights, stop lamp and direction indicators of motorcycles. Also, 28.4% of motorcycles are dropped from the luminous intensity inspection standard. Motorcycle electrical system cannot be visually inspected. The motorcycle inspections standards are improved reflecting 187 cases of real-world motorcycle inspection results.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.6-11
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to present the inspection standards of motorcycle lamps affecting motorcycle traffic accident in night time. The inspection standards of motorcycle lamps recommended by CITA International Motor Vehicle Inspection Committee are surveyed. Also, the domestic safety standards of motorcycle and inspection standards of passenger car are considered. The inspection standard and method with principal reasons of rejections of head-lamp, number plate lamp, front-rear position lights, stop lamp and direction indicators of motorcycles are suggested.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.610-620
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• 2021

There has been increasing interest in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) that is caused by high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and has posed a significant challenge to Otolaryngologists. A rapid, sensitive, and reliable method is required for the detection of HR-HPV in clinical specimens to prevent and treat HPV-induced diseases. In this study, a multiple cross-linking spiral amplification (MCLSA) assay was developed for the visual detection of HPV-16. In the MCLSA assay, samples were incubated under optimized conditions at 62℃ for 45 min, and after mixing with the SYBR Green I (SGI) dye, the positive amplicons showed bright green fluorescence while the negative amplicons exhibited no obvious change. The specificity test revealed that the developed MCLSA technique had high specificity and could effectively distinguish all five HPV-16 strains from other pathogenic microorganisms. In terms of analytical sensitivity, the limit of detection (LoD) of MCLSA assay was approximately 5.4 × 101 copies/tube, which was 10-fold more sensitive than loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and RT-PCR. The detection results of laryngeal cancer specimens collected from 46 patients with suspected HPV infection in the Liaoning region demonstrated that the positive detection rates of MCLSA and hybridized capture 2 kit were 32.61% (15/46). The true positive rate of the MCLSA assay was higher than that of RT-PCR (100% vs. 93.33%) and LAMP (100% vs. 86.67%). Therefore, the MCLSA assay developed in the present study could be a potentially useful tool for the point-of-care (PoC) diagnosis of HR-HPV, especially in resource-limited countries.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.22 no.A
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• pp.43-48
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• 2002

Acoustic modes of a vehicle compartment dominate the noise characteristics of the vehicle system in the low frequency range. Vehicle compartments have head liner and air gap of proper thickness to mount a interior lamp, as well as to have a good sound insulation and absorption performance. This study estimates the acoustic modal property of the medium size passenger car by experiment and by finite element analysis and also, investigates the effect of the head liner on the acoustic mode of the passenger compartment to obtain useful information for low noise compartment design.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.369-375
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• 2019

This paper presents a new method on how to calculate the thrust forces acting on an auto-leveling device in headlamps for passenger vehicles. The leveling device is used to lower the angle of lights when a load in the trunk of the vehicle lifts it. In the process of the headlamp design, it is imperative to predict the external forces so that the designers can decide whether to proceed or not. The device is composed of three pivot joints with no reaction moment, a plate that holds the lamp, and a leveling motor that changes rotation to linear motion. In this study, force balance, moment balance, and geometric compatibility are applied to the leveling device system so that a nonlinear system of equations can be derived; the multi-dimensional Newton-Raphson algorithm is then used to solve these. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to verify which design variables affect the system the most: the mass of the lamp and the height between the pivot and leveling device affect the thrust forces the most. Then, considering the friction forces between the moving parts, the hysteresis of the forces are derived. An experimental apparatus, designed and developed in this study, is used to verify the exactness of the derived equations. The results from experiments coincide well with the calculated results. The friction hysteresis, in particular, proves this upon analysis.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.27-35
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• 2002

A knowledge-based image retrieval technique is image searching methods using some features from the queried image. The materials in this study are automobile head lamps. The input data is composed of characters and images which have various pattern. The numbers, special symbols, and general letters are under the category of the character. The image informations are made up of the distribution of pixel data, statistical analysis, and state of pattern which are useful for the knowledge data. In this paper, we implemented a retrieval system for the scientific crime detection at traffic accident using the proposed multi knowledge-based image retrieval technique. The values for the multi knowledge-based image features were extracted from color and gray scale each. With this 22 features, we improved the retrieval efficiency about the color information and pattern information. Visual basic, crystal report and MS access DB were used for this application. We anticipate the efficient scientific detection for the traffic accident and the tracking of suspicious vehicle.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.589-592
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• 1997

In this paper, we propose a simple algorithm to calculate the number of passing cars at night by using an image processing sensor for digital black and white images with 256 tone levels. To recognize cars, we capture their head lamps. The reflection of the head lamps is one of the most troublesome factors in recognizing cars. The main problem in this paper is how to recognize cars under the influence of the reflection of the head lamps especially in rainy days. In general, the image of a head lamp is nearly circular and the reflection is long and narrow. On the difference of these forms, we can exclude the reflection in our proposed algorithms For real-time operation and simple calculation, we recognize the existence of cars using fifteen lines with 256 tone levels. In the experimental application on a road, the recognition rate of a real-time operation is more than 90%. Moreover, we will also explain briefly how to recognize passing cars for 24 hours.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.92-97
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• 2011

Vehicle lightings are very important for safe driving during night time. Since the eye recovery time after an exposure to oncoming headlights would take after several seconds, the aiming point of vehicle head lamps have to pass safety requirements. Despite the fact that vehicle inclination is variable with vehicle load conditions, the head lamps aiming point is usually fixed at a constant position which is set by car manufacturer. Consequently, vehicle head lamps under varying load conditions often make people in the opposing vehicle uncomfortable, and even worse, can cause an accident. This paper presents an active vehicle lighting mechanism to automatically adjust its aiming point, or cut-off line, in order to compensate the change in vehicle inclination resulting from load variations. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through a set of simulations and experiments with a real vehicle.