• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2016

In this study, we examined the impact of transplant timing of mother plants for seedling strawberry on growth and development of daughter plants and field stage. The leaf growth of treated mother plants and crown thickness were low when transplant was performed on April $10^{th}$. Based on the results collected until July $13^{th}$, the numbers of daughter plants with more than two leaves were 20.6 and 19.5 for March $10^{th}$ and March $25^{th}$, and these values decreased by April $10^{th}$ and April $25^{th}$ showing values of 15.1 and 11.8, respectively. After seedling growth was complete, leaf area and fresh weight of the saplings were remarkably low beginning from the transplant on April $10^{th}$. Crown thickness of saplings was generally lower when transplant timing was late. After 45 days of transplant leaf length and width were noticeably lower than the transplant on April $10^{th}$ and $25^{th}$. First cluster was 100% for both the March $10^{th}$ and $25^{th}$ transplant, followed April 10th and $25^{th}$ with values of 66% and 43%. The results revealed that transplant on March $10^{th}$ and $25^{th}$ had a greater positive impact on the growth and development of the strawberry cultivar 'Seolhyang'. A supplementary study will have to be conducted to determine the relationship between the harvest period of the first cluster and the yield of marketable strawberries depending on the transplanting time of mother plants.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.122-132
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to present the basic materials of a developmental counterplan by assessing prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and characteristics of work-related ergonomic risk factors. The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms of 64 vineyard workers was investigated by using a self-reported questionnaire. And the vineyard workers' tasks were also collected and analyzed during 9-month period by observing and videotaping methods to identify the ergonomic risk factors. The prevalence rate of musculoskeletal symptoms of female(84.4%) was much higher than that of male(62.5%) and a total prevalence rate was 73.4%. There was no different prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms between age over 60 years and under 60 years. The prevalence rates of musculoskeletal complaints for each body part were 48.4%, 42.2%, and 35.9% for the wrist, legs/knee, and shoulder, respectively. In postural risk analysis, 7 works(REBA score) represented the high risk tasks such as delivering harvest boxed(12), picking cluster(11) and so on. The main works(exposure score) were orderly ranked as picking cluster(1590), pruning branch(388), and cluster thinning(327). The risk factors of vineyard work were identified as follows: shoulder flexion(${\geq}45^{\circ}$), wrist Flex./Ext.(${\geq}15^{\circ}$), hand force(power/pinch-grip), and prolonged standing(${\geq}4hr$). The engineering solutions including an improvement of hand tools, working process, and working environment should be applied to the high risky tasks in order to resolve the ergonomic problems. The administrative solutions such as improving a distribution of resting time, an exercise cure, an early recognition of symptoms and rehabilitation might be another solution for reducing musculoskeletal symptoms in vineyard workers.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.453-463
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• 1995

During 42 month period 91 consecutive patient underwent coronary artery bypass surgery. The mean age of these patient was 57 years [range from 28 to 78 years . There were 57 men and 34 women. The preoperative risk factors that include beyond the 50 % of total patients were male sex, obesity, hypo-high-density lipoproteinemia, smoking, hypercholesterolemia, hyper-low-density lipoproteinemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension. Preoperatively 27 patients had stable angina pectoris and 39 patients of unstable angina pectoris. Twenty five patients had previous myocardial infarction history. The patterns of disease were 8 patients of single vessel involvement, 18 patients of double vessel involvement, 54 patients of triple vessel involvement and 11 patients of left main coronary artery disease. Fifty five patients were in Canadian Cardiovascular Society functional class III. Myocardial revascularization was performed under emergency conditions in 5 patients. Nine percent of patients had previous PTCA history. We performed 16 cases of sequential anastomosis, internal mammary artery harvest in 86 percent of total patients and total 284 distal anastomoses[mean 3.1 anastomosis per patient . The mean ACC time was 60.5 minutes and ECC time was mean 110 minutes. The combined surgeries were 16 cases of endarterectomy, 2 cases of LV aneurysmectomy, 1 case of Bentall operation, 1 case of repair of sinus of Valsalva, 1 case of ligation of coronary AV fistula and 1 case of excision of breast mass. The most common complication was wound infection[12 cases, 13 % . There was one hospital death due to postoperative respiratory failure and low output syndrome in patient with postinfarction VSD, LV aneurysm. Postoperative 88 patients were in Functional class I or II. The 99mTc-MIBI myocardial perfusion scan that used as evaluation of postoperative state was well correlated with patient`s symptoms instead of some disadvantages.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.83-95
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• 1988

Phytomass, annual net production, respiration, annual gros production and litter fall were estimated in young Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) plantations reforested 1,2,3,6,9 and 11 years ago, respectivly. The estimated phytomasses in terms of allometry were 0.07, 0.44, 0.58, 13.37, 32.26 and 48.42ton/ha/yr for annual net production and those of understory with harvest method were 3.70, 4.52, 5.28, 6.72, 7.56 and 5.72ton/ha for standing phytomass and 5.01, 4.71, 5.52m 6.15, 4.51 and 2.08 ton/ha/yr for annual net production at 1,2,3,6,9 and 11 year old plantation, respectively. Although the standing phytomass of understory increased gradually until 9 years thereafter decreased, that of white pine increased suddenly from 6 years after reforestation. The ratios of the annyal net production of understory to that of white pine were 71.57, 1.48 and 0.23 at 1,6 and 11 year old plantations, respectively. The net production in calorie value for whole vegetation of the plantations, respectively. The net production in calorie value for whole vegetation of the plantations increased until 9 years thereafter decreased; i.e. 224, 221, 280, 466, 527 and 494X105 kcal/ha/yr at 1,2,3,6,9 and 11 year old plantation, respectivey. The ratio of annual net production to annual gross production of the undersoty was lower than that of the pine at the same plantation age. Efficiency of solat energy untilization for net production by the pine was lower than that by understory y\until six ear old plantation but that was vice versa over 9 year old plantation. That for gross producrion by the pine was lower than that by the unsersotry at all plantations.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2018

Chub mackerel Scomber japonicus is an economically important pelagic species in the western North Pacific. In the last 50 years, the annual total catch in Korean waters showed large fluctuations, ranging from 100 to $420{\times}10^3tons$. To provide a biological reference point for management of chub mackerel, we applied a simulation-based yield-per-recruit (Y/R) model that considered both temperature-dependent growth and size-dependent mortality. We estimated the fisheries yield with respect to varying biological reference points and environmental conditions, including 1) the instantaneous rate of fishing mortality (F), 2) length of fish at first capture ($L_c$), and 3) water temperature. The result of our analysis showed that the Y/R could be greatest when the $L_c$ ranges from 19-27 cm and F ranges from $1.48-2.00yr^{-1}$. Y/R increases with increased water temperature between 15 and $23^{\circ}C$. We suggest targeting an $L_c$ of 17 cm (age=0.6 years) under the assumed current of $F=0.48yr^{-1}$ for maximizing the chub mackerel harvest. Further analysis considering spawning and recruitment processes are required to provide biological reference points to ensure the sustainability of chub mackerel fisheries in Korean waters.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.133-141
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• 2008

Stem cells have self-renewal capacity, long-term viability, and multiline age potential. Adult bone marrow contains mesenchymal stem cells. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are progenitors of skeletal tissue components and can differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and myoblasts in vitro and undergo differentiation in vivo. However, the clinical use of BMSCs has presented problems, including pain, morbidity, and low cell number upon harvest. Recent studies have identified a putative stem cell population within the adipose tissue. Human adipose tissue contains pluripotent stem cells simillar to bone marrow-derived stem cells that can differentiate toward the osteogenic, adipogenic, myogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. Human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ATSCs) could be proposed as an alternative source of adult bone marrow stem cells, and could be obtained in large quantities, under local anesthesia, with minimal discomfort. Human adipose tissue obtained by liposuction was processed to obtain ATSCs. In this study, we compared the osteogenic differentiation of ATSCs in a specific osteogenic induction medium with that in a non-osteogenic medium. ATSCs were incubated in an osteogenic medium for 28 days to induce osteogenesis respectively. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed by von Kossa and alkaline phosphatase staining. Expression of osteocyte specific bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, collagen type I and alkaline phosphatase, bone morphogenic protein 2, bone morphogenic protein 6 was confirmed by RT-PCR. ATSCs incubated in the osteogenic medium were stained positively for von Kossa and alkaline phosphatase staining. Expression of osteocyte specific genes was also detected. Since this cell population can be easily identified through fluorescence microscopy, it may be an ideal source of ATSCs for further experiments on stem cell biology and tissue engineering. The present results show that ADSCs have an ability to differentiate into osteoblasts. In the present study, we extend this approach to characterize adipose tissue-derived stem cells.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2017

석유 고갈의 시대에 저가이면서 반투명한 특징을 갖고 있는 염료감응형 태양전지(DSC)는 1991년 $Gr{\ddot{a}}tzel$의 연구결과 보고 이후 많은 주목을 받아왔다. 염료감응형 태양전지의 광전극의 빛 수확 성능을 증진시키고, 궁극적으로 광전변환효율을 향상시키기 위하여 다양한 구조를 갖는 산란층이 광전극 소재로 제안되었다. DSC 광전극의 산란층에서 산란의 중심으로는 지름이 250 - 300 nm 정도의 크기를 갖는 비교적 큰 이산화티탄 나노입자가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 변형된 졸겔 공정을 이용하여 약 300 nm 크기의 이산화티탄 나노결정을 합성하였다. XRD와 TEM 분석결과에 의하면, 합성된 이산화티탄 나노입자는 아나타제 상의 단결정 특성을 나타내었다. 합성된 이산화티탄 나노입자를 이용하여 스핀 코팅 공정으로 제조된 이산화티탄 박막의 광학적 투과율은 550 nm 파장에서 약 50%로 측정되었다. 이처럼 적당한 투과율은 DSC 산란층의 산란 중심으로 사용하기에 적합하며, DSC의 광전변환효율 향상에 적절하게 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제40권
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• pp.11.1-11.5
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• 2018

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most commonly occurring malignant tumor in the oral cavity. In South Korea, it occurs most frequently in the mandible, tongue, maxilla, buccal mucosa, other areas of the oral cavity, and lips. Radial forearm free flap (RFFF) is the most widely used reconstruction method for the buccal mucosal defect. The scar of the forearm donor, however, is highly visible and unsightly, and a secondary surgical site is needed when such technique is applied. For these reasons, buccal fat pad (BFP) flap has been commonly used for closing post-surgical excision sites since the recent decades because of its reliability, ease of harvest, and low complication rate. Case presentation: In the case reported herein, BFP flap was used to reconstruct a cheek mucosal defect after excision. The defect was completely covered by the BFP flap, without any complications. Conclusion: Discussed herein is the usefulness of BFP flap for the repair of the cheek mucosal defect. Also, further studies are needed to determine the possibility of using BFP flap when the defect is deep, and the maximum volume that can be harvested considering the changes in volume with age.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.318-323
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• 2019

Background Pedicled flaps are useful for reconstructive surgery. Previously, we often used vascularized supraclavicular flaps, especially for head and neck reconstruction, but then shifted to using thoracic branch of the supraclavicular artery (TBSA) flaps. However, limited research exists on the anatomy of TBSA flaps and on the use of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence videoangiography for supraclavicular artery flaps. We utilized ICG fluorescence videoangiography to harvest reliable flaps in reconstructive operations, and describe the results herein. Methods Data were retrospectively reviewed from six patients (five men and one woman: average age, 54 years; range, 48-60 years) for whom ICG videoangiography was performed to observe the skin perfusion of a supraclavicular flap after it was raised. Areas where the flap showed good enhancement were considered to be favorable for flap survival. The observation of ICG dye indicated good skin perfusion, which is predictive of flap survival; therefore, we trimmed any areas without dye filling and used the remaining viable part of the flap. Results The flaps ranged in size from $13{\times}5.5cm$ to $17{\times}6.5cm$. One patient received a conventional supraclavicular flap, four patients received a TBSA flap, and one patient received a flap that was considered to be intermediate between a supraclavicular flap and a TBSA flap. The flaps completely survived in all cases, and no flap necrosis was observed. Conclusions The TBSA flap is very useful in reconstructive surgery, and reliable flaps could be obtained by using ICG fluorescence videoangiography intraoperatively.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.219-233
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• 2019

Soybean cultivars susceptible to Phytophthora root and stem rot are vulnerable to seed rot and damping-off of seedlings and young plants following an infection by Phytophthora sojae. In this study, the disease responses of Japanese soybean cultivars including currently grown main cultivars during the early growth stages were investigated following infections by multiple P. sojae isolates from Japanese fields. The extent of the resistance to 17 P. sojae isolates after inoculations at 14, 21, and 28 days after seeding varied significantly among 18 Japanese and two US soybean cultivars. Moreover, the disease responses of each cultivar differed significantly depending on the P. sojae isolate and the plant age at inoculation. Additionally, the treatment of 'Nattosyo-ryu' seeds with three fungicidal agrochemicals provided significant protection from P. sojae when plants were inoculated at 14-28 days after seeding. These results indicate that none of the Japanese soybean cultivars are completely resistant to all tested P. sojae isolates during the first month after sowing. However, the severity of the disease was limited when plants were inoculated during the later growth stages. Furthermore, the protective effects of the tested agrochemicals were maintained for at least 28 days after the seed treatment. Japanese soybean cultivars susceptible to Phytophthora root and stem rot that are grown under environmental conditions favorable for P. sojae infections require the implementation of certain practices, such as seed treatments with appropriate agrochemicals, to ensure they are protected from P. sojae during the early part of the soybean growing season.