• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.41-44
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• 2006

2중필름 온실계사에서 육계를 사육하였을 때 발생하는 계분을 처리할 수 있는 수동 교반형 퇴비화시스템을 개발하였으며, 교반빈도가 퇴비화 온도에 미치는 효과를 분석하였다. 병원균 사멸에 필요한 $55^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도를 유지한 기간은 무교반에서 88시간 1회/4일의 교반에서는 179 시간, 1회/2일의 교반에서는 200 시간으로 교반회수가 빈번할수록 그 기간이 길어지는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.1184-1194
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• 2020

Melanin is a major factor that darkens skin color as one of the defense systems to prevent the harmful effects of UV light. However, darkened skin from the localized or systemic accumulation of melanin is viewed in many cultures as an esthetic problem. Consequentially, searching for anti-melanogenic agents from natural sources is very popular worldwide. Previous screening of fermented rice products, obtained from various rice cultivars fermented with different sources of loog-pang (Thai traditional fermentation starter), revealed that the highest ability to reduce the melanin content in B16F10 melanoma cells was from unpolished black rice fermented with a defined starter mixture of microbes isolated from loog-pang E11. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of the fermented unpolished black rice (FUBR) on the inhibition of melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. The strongest reduction of cellular melanin content was found in the FUBR sap (FUBRS). The melanin reduction activity was consistent with the significant decrease in the intracellular tyrosinase activity. The FUBRS showed no cytotoxic effect to B16F10 melanoma or Hs68 human fibroblast cell lines. It also significantly reduced the transcript and protein expression levels of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP-1), TYRP-2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. Furthermore, it induced a significantly increased level of phosphorylated ERK, p38 and Akt signaling pathways, which likely contributed to the negative regulation of melanogenesis. From these results, a model for the mechanism of FUBRS on melanogenesis inhibition was proposed. Moreover, these results strongly suggested that FUBRS possesses anti-melanogenesis activity with high potential for cosmeceutical application as a skin depigmenting agent.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.119-131
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• 2017

Among different types of spoilage, microbial contamination can cause feed decomposition, which results in decreases in feed intake and productivity, infection, and breeding disorder. During the storage time, various microbes have a chance to inoculate with depreciation of feed and to infect the animals. We investigated bacteria that inhabit diverse feed ingredients and complete feed which have been stored for a few months. We isolated and identified 30 genera and 62 species of bacteria. Among these 62 species, 21 species were of non-pathogenic bacteria, 18 species were of pathogenic bacteria, 9 species were of opportunistic pathogens, and 14 species were of unknown bacteria. Pantoea allii and 24 species showed proteolytic enzyme activity. We also confirmed that 6 species including Pseudomonas psychrotolerans showed ${\alpha}$-amylase activity, and 29 species including Burkholderia vietnamiensis showed cellulase activity. Microbacterium testaceum and 3 species showed resistance to Ampicillin, Kanamycin, Streptomycin, Gentamicin, Carbenicillin, and Erythromycin ($50{\mu}g/mL$). Using mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor L.) as a model for pathogenicity, we confirmed that 8 species including Staphylococcus xylosus had pathogenicity for mealworm larvae. Especially, Enterobacter hormaechei, Staphylococcus xylosus, and Staphylococcus hominis were reported as being pathogenic for humans. This research suggests that hygienic management of animal feed is essential because beneficial and harmful bacteria can inhabit animal feed differently during storage and distribution.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권6호
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• pp.1184-1198
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• 2022

In this study, Rubus coreanus (R. coreanus) byproducts with high polyphenol content were fermented with R. coreanus-derived lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum GBL 16 and 17). Then the effect of R. coreanus-derived lactic acid bacteria fermented feed (RC-LAB fermented feed) with probiotics (Bacillus subtills, Aspergillus oryzae, Yeast) as a feed additive for pigs on the composition of intestinal microbes and the regulation of intestinal immune homeostasis was investigated. Seventy-two finishing Berkshire pigs were randomly allotted to four different treatment groups and 18 replicates. RC-LAB fermented feed with probiotics increased the genera Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Mitsuokella, Prevotella, Bacteroides spp., Roseburia spp., and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, which are beneficial bacteria of the digestive tract of pigs. Also, RC-LAB fermented feed with probiotics decreased the genera Clostridium, Terrisporobacter, Romboutsia, Kandleria, Megasphaera and Escherichia, which are harmful bacteria. In particular, the relative abundance of the genera Lactobacillus and Streptococcus increased by an average of 8.51% and 4.68% in the treatment groups and the classes Clostridia and genera Escherichia decreased by an average of 27.05% and 2.85% in the treatment groups. In mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and spleens, the mRNA expression of transcription factors and cytokines in Th1 and Treg cells increased and the mRNA expression of Th2 and Th17 transcription factors and cytokines decreased, indicating a regulatory effect on intestinal immune homeostasis. RC-LAB fermented feed regulates gut immune homeostasis by influencing the composition of beneficial and detrimental microorganisms in the gut and regulating the balance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cells.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.689-699
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• 2003

This study was to examine characteristics of treating toluene vapor, which gets to be problematic due to its harmful carcinogenicity and mass generation from various sources, through a biological treatment facility which is environment-friendly and adopts a high-efficient and low-cost clean technology. In order to identify whether Alnus Firma Fruit (AFF) can be used as a media for a bioreactor, its utility and basic operating factors, a study was conducted on pressure drop, supply of nutrient substances and retention time which are operating factors of a biofilter, and eliminating characteristics were compared between AFF and the conventional biological activatedcarbon (BAC) widely used as filter media. In the case of AFF, the initial microbial deposits was 2.3${\times}$10$^{7}$ CFU/g dry AFF, which represents the initial microbial density higher than the case of BAC showing 5.5${\times}$10$^{6}$ CFU/g dry BAC And it took about 2 weeks to acclimate until its eliminating rate got to be increased over 90%. As a result of comparing pressure loss taking place with the lapse of time between BAC and AFF, after 130 days passed at SV 25h$^{-1}$ , BAC showed that its eliminating efficiency had a tendency to drop greatly due to a great pressure loss (0.53\longrightarrow54.7 mm$H_2O$/m) caused by an excess of biomass as accumulated. On the other hand. AFF showed that the pressure drop was 0.53 mm$H_2O$/m, about 2 times as much as the initial pressure loss of 0.4 mm$H_2O$/m, which represents no great change in the pressure loss, and its eliminating efficiency was also shown to be continuously high. Therefore, when AFF was used as a filler for a biological treatment facility, a biological filter enabling improvement of the purifying efficiency to be promoted could be provided, and moreover, the pressure loss was so small that the filler replacement cycle or the back flushing cycle could be extended. So, even in terms of the operating cost, it was identified to be an economical filler When an inorganic material was used as a filler, the biofilters performance acted sensitively on whether nutrient substances were supplied or not. In the case of AFF with low adsorptivity, addition of ethyl-alcohol increased the solubility of toluene, and consequently, biodegradation got to be actively made by microbes, and thus, its eliminating rate could be increased. As the flow velocity and the inflow concentration got to be more increased, its eliminating rate got to be lower, and particularly, an increase in the flow velocity made its eliminating rate drop more greatly than an increase in the concentration.

• 멤브레인
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.101-119
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• 2021

깨끗한 물에 대한 수요는 우리 사회가 인간의 삶을 개선하기 위해 점점 더 진보되고 수준 높은 기술을 개발함에도 불구하고 모든 현대 사회에 존재한다. 그러나 지구 기후 변화가 전 세계 여러 지역에서 더욱 극적인 영향을 미치기 시작하면서 폐수를 처리하거나 인체 건강에 해로운 박테리아, 미생물, 바이러스 및 기타 용매를 제거하기 위해 저렴하고 효과적인 방법에 대한 요구가 계속되고 있고 그 어느 때보다 중요하다. 폴리아닐린(PANI), 폴리(비닐리덴 플루오라이드)(PVDF) 등으로 구성되어 있는 합성막은 잘 구축되어 있고 막의 특성과 성능에 관한 정보를 수집하기 위해 광범위하게 연구되었지만 최근 연구에 따르면 이러한 합성막을 전류에 전도성 있게 만드는 것으로 나타났다. 다른 물질로 막을 도핑하거나 탄소 동소체와 같은 전도성 물질을 막 표면에 통합함으로써 기공 크기의 조정 가능성, 더 나은 방오성과 항균성을 허용함으로써 이러한 막의 성능을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 본 총설에서는 현대의 전기 전도성 막을 기존 막과 비교하고 전기장 하에서의 성능 향상과 물여과 및 폐수 처리 응용 분야에서의 잠재력에 대해 논의한다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.125-137
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• 2022

This study aimed to determine the effects of dietary microalgae (Tetradesmus sp. (TO)) on intestinal immunity and microbiota of pre-starter broilers. One hundred and twenty 1-day-old birds (Ross 308) were allocated to two dietary treatment groups with six blocks in a randomized complete block design. The two experimental diets consisted of a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet and a diet with 0.5% TO powder instead of cornstarch in the basal diet. After feeding the experimental diets for ten days, all birds' body weight and feed intake were measured, and representative eight birds were selected from each treatment group. Small intestinal lamina propria cells were isolated using flow cytometry to examine the frequency of immune cells. Cecal feces were harvested for 16s rRNA gut microbiota analysis and fecal IgA levels. Here, we found that 0.5% TO supplementation increased CD3⁺CD4⁺ T cells in the small intestine, but decreased CD3⁺CD8⁺ T cells in the small intestine. Gut microbial analysis showed that TO supplementation significantly increased the alpha diversity of the gut microbiome. Taxonomic analysis showed that TO treatment increased the abundance of Firmicutes and decreased that of Bacteroidetes at the phylum level. The distribution of Enterobacteriaceae containing many harmful bacteria at the family level, was lower in the TO group. In the LEfSe analysis, the TO group had a significantly enriched abundance of Agathobaculum at the genus level. Overall, results show that Tetradesmus sp. supplementation influences intestinal T-cell immunity and induces the expansion of beneficial gut microbes in pre-starter broiler chickens.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2011

이 실험은 방선균 목(目) 노카르디아 종 CS682 균주의 발효물 CS682와 이를 바탕으로 한 제품 DCS682$^{(R)}$를 육계에게 급여 시 생산성, 혈액 성상, 소장 내 미생물, 면역성에 관한 효과를 알아보기 위해 실시하였다. 시험1은 갓부화한 총 240수의 육계(ROSS$^{(R)}$)를 공시하였으며, 처리는 대조구, 항생제구, CS682-0.25(CS682 0.25%), CS682-0.50, CS682-0.75, CS682-1.00 등 6처리였다. 각 처리구 간의 사료 요구율에 유의한(p<0.05) 차이가 있었다. CS682-0.25 처리구는 항생제구와 다른 CS682 처리구들에 비해 0~2주 동안 사료 요구율이 유의적으로 감소했으나 대조구와는 차이가 없었다. 혈액성상에서는 CS682 처리구들이 MCV(mean corporal volume)에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 소장 내용물 중 E. coli 수는 항생제구가 가장 낮았고 다음으로 CS682구들 그리고 대조구였다. 시험 2는 갓 부화한 총 1,000수의 육계(ROSS$^{(R)}$)를 공시하였으며, 처리는 대조구, 항생제구, DCS682-0.05(DCS682$^{(R)}$-0.05%), DCS682-0.1, DCS682-0.2 등 5처리였다. DCS682-0.2처리구는 DCS682-0.1 처리구에 비해 0~2주 폐사율이 유의적(P<0.05)으로 감소하였고, 대조구에 비해 0~5주 폐사율이 유의적(P<0.05)으로 감소하였다. 항생제구는 소장내 universal bacteria, Lactobacillus, Salmonella typhimurium 그리고 E. coli 수는 다른 처리구들에비해 유의적으로 (P<0.05) 감소하였으며 DCS682 처리구들은 E. coli와 S. Typhimurium수에서 항생제 처리구보다는 높았으나 대조구보다는 낮았다. 결론적으로 본 시험의 연구 결과는 CS682-0.25 또는 DCS682-0.20을 육계 사료에 첨가 시 사료 요구율을 개선하는 경향이 있었고, 폐사율을 감소시키며 장내 유해 미생물을 억제하는 효과를 나타내었다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2011

본 연구는 방선균 목 노카르디아 종 CS682 균주의 발효물 CS682와 이를 바탕으로 한 제품 DSC682$^{(R)}$를 산란계에게 급여 시 산란 생산성, 난품질, 혈액 성상, 소장 내 미생물, 면역성에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위해 실시하였다. 실험은 Hy-Line Brown$^{(R)}$ 갈색 산란계로 실시하였는데, 실험 1은 86주령, 실험 2는 26주령의 실험계를 2단 4열 2수 케이지에 수용하여 실시하였다. 실험 1은 대조구, 항생제구(avilamycin 6 ppm), CS 682-0.1(CS682 0.1%), CS682-1.0(CS682 1.0% 첨가) 등 4 처리였으며, 5반복, 반복당 24수(12케이지), 총 480수로 실시하였고, 실험2는대조구, 항생제구(avilamycin 6 ppm), DCS682-0.05(DCS682$^{(R)}$ 0.05%), DSC682-0.1(DCS682$^{(R)}$ 0.1%), 그리고 DCS682-0.2(DCS682$^{(R)}$ 0.2% 첨가) 등 5처리였으며 5반복, 반복당 40수(20케이지), 총 1,000수로 실시하였다. 실험 1에서는 산란율, 난중, 연 파란율, 사료 섭취량, 사료 전환율 등 산란 생산성에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 난품질에서 난각 강도는 항생제구와 CSC682 처리구들이 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높았으며, 난황색은 CSC682-1.0 처리구가 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높았다. 실험 2에서는 산란 생산성에서 사료 섭취량이 DCS682-0.05구가 대조구와 비교하여 유의적(p<0.05)으로 낮았다. 난각색에서 Hunter Lab color L(Lightness) 즉 밝기가 항생제구와 DCS682 처리구들이 유의적(p<0.05)으로 낮았다. 난황색은 DCS682-0.1~0.2구들이 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높았으며, Haugh unit은 항생제구와 DCS682-0.1구가 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높았다. 실험 1과 2에서 혈장 면역글로부린(IgG, IgA) 및 난황 면역그로부린(IgY)의 함량은 처리구간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 실험1에서 erythrocytes 중 평균 적혈구 용적(MCV)은 대조구가 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높았으며, 평균 적혈구 혈색소량(MCH)은 항생제구가 유의적으로 높았다. 실험 2에서는 leukocytes 중 단핵구(MO)에서 대조구와 DCS682-0.05구가 유의적으로(p<0.05 또는 0.01) 높았다. 실험 1에서 C. perfringens수는 항생제구에서 대조구와 비교하여 유의적으로(p<0.05) 감소하였다. S. typhimurium수는 유의적으로(p<0.05) 차이가 있었는데 항생제구가 가장 낮았고 다음으로 CS682 처리구들이었으며 대조구에서 가장 높았다. Universal bacteria, Lactobacillus 그리고 E. coli의 수는 처리간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 실험 2에서는 Lactobacillus 수가 DCS682-0.05와 DCS682-0.1구들에서 유의적으로(p<0.05) 높았고 다음으로 대조구와 DCS682-0.2 첨가구였으며 항생제구가 가장 낮았다. C. perfringens 수는 항생제구에서 대조구와 비교하여 유의적(p<0.05)으로 감소하였다. S. Typhimurium은 처리간에 유의적인(p<0.05) 차이가 있었는데 항생제구가 가장 낮았고 다음으로 DCS682-0.2이었으며, DCS682-0.05와 0.1구들은 대조구보다는 낮았으나 유의한(p<0.05) 차이는 없었다. 결론적으로 CS682 0.1% 또는 DCS682 0.1~0.2% 첨가는 난각 강도, 난황색, 난각색, Haugh unit를 개선시키고, 소장 내유해 미생물을 억제하는 긍정적인 효과를 보였다.