• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.47-59
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• 2022

A series of experiments were performed to investigate the design and application of a rubble-ground modification method with grout injection. A small-sized injection machine was designed, and the grouts with various mix proportions were injected into 25 mm aggregate using the designed small-sized injection machine. With the compressive strength of the grout ranging from 20 to 80 MPa, the uniaxial compressive strength of the grout-filling bodies with clean gravels was higher than 1/6th of the strength of grouts themselves. However, this fraction may reduce depending on the interface conditions. The erosion resistance of the hardened grout was evaluated, and it was determined that the grout with a strength greater than 15 MPa did not require erosion consideration. Moreover, a full-scale injection test was performed for 25 cm-sized rubbles in cages with a diameter greater than 1 m and a height of 1.2 m to evaluate the filling characteristics of the grout. Results from this test indicated that the grout flowability sensitively influenced the filling characteristics.

• Journal of Space Technology and Applications
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.178-198
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• 2021

The Solar Space Environment Division of the Korean Society of Space Science (KSSS) has recently conducted a survey among the domestic researchers affiliated with academia, national research institutes, and for-profit institutes of how the data and models in their professional research field are produced, maintained, and utilized. The primary purpose of this survey is to increase the awareness and utilization of the space environment data and models as well as to promote constructive collaborations among the domestic and international researchers. The models and data surveyed are categorized into three sub-fields: the solar and interplanetary space, the (terrestrial) magnetosphere, and the ionosphere and upper atmosphere. The present paper reports the survey results in the "Magnetosphere" category. The survey shows that the domestically produced data in this category are far less than the data produced in other categories. This can be understood in part as follows: Magnetospheric research relies heavily on the in-situ observations but the development and operation of space-hardened satellites require a significant investment. Nevertheless, the recent publications show an increasing trend of research using the data from the ground stations and the recently launched domestic space missions. In the modeling front, there are first-principles physics models covering from the magnetospheric scale to the sub-ion scale and the models geared towards the space weather prediction. The detailed survey results can be accessed from the KSSS website (http://ksss.or.kr/).

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.447-455
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• 2017

At the modern industry, the composite material has been widely used. Particularly, the material of carbon fiber reinforced plastic hardened with resin on the basis of fiber is excellent. As the specific strength and rigidity are also superior, it receives attention as the light material. Among these materials, the carbon fiber reinforced plastic using carbon fiber has the superior mechanical property different from another fiber. So, it is utilized in vehicle and airplane at which high strength and light weight are needed at the same time. In this paper, the tensile property due to the fiber design is investigated through the analysis study with CT specimen composed of carbon plastic reinforced plastic. At the stress analysis of CFRP composite material with hole, the fracture trend at the tensile environment is examined. Also, it is shown that the lowest stress value happens and the deformation energy of the pre-crack becomes lowest at the analysis model composed of the stacking angle of 60° through the result due to the stacking angle. On the basis of this study result, it is thought to apply the foundation data to anticipate the fracture configuration at the structure applied with the practical experiment.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.127-134
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• 2023

The god of water, Baltara (Bhadra: in the northern part of India), Tammola Around 563-483, he came to Tamra with 900 Arhats (BC483-AD1105, during the reign of King Sukjong of Goryeo, the kingdom of Tamra became Hangun-hyeon in Goryeo). It is the spread of Buddhism through the world's most sacred water (Heiligkeit, one of the four elements water, fire, air, and earth) and the world's largest Arhat The reverse of Halla, appendix: to find the stone statue of Buddha at Seogo Temple in Jeonju, Hwangbangsan. Since ancient times, Jeju people have called Truth Mt. that Mt. Halla protects against typhoons blowing from the south. It looks like it has been hardened by fire. On the coming day, the greatest breath of Venerable Baltara in Jeju is Olle Road No. 1 from Siheung-ri, Seongsanpo to No. 26 Gujwa-myeon Jongdal-ri. It is the Oval Jeju "Road Way" that clearly shows "the beginning is the end, and the end is the beginning" of Cheonbugyeong.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.6A
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• pp.573-580
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• 2010

This paper presents the development of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) using lightweight aggregates. SCC using Lightweight aggregate properties have been evaluated in terms of flowability, segregation resistance and filling capacity of fresh concrete as per the standards of the Japanese Society of Civil Engineering (JSCE). The measurement of the mechanical properties of hardened SCC using lightweight aggregate, including compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, elastic moduli and density, as well as its dry shrinkage and carbonation properties were also carried out. The characteristics of SCC using lightweight aggregate at the fresh state showed that as the use of the lightweight aggregate, the flowability improves without exception of Mix No. 9 but the segregation resistance tends to decrease without exception of Mix No. 3, 4 and 5. The 28 days compressive strength of the SCC using lightweight aggregate was found to be 30 MPa or higher. The relationship between the compressive strength and the splitting tensile strength was found to be similar to the expression presented by CEB-FIP, and the relationship between the compressive strength and the elastic moduli was found to be similar to the expression suggested by ACI 318-08 which takes into consideration the density of concrete. The density of the SCC using lightweight aggregate decreased by up to 26% compared to that of the control SCC. Also, The dry shrinkage and carbonation depth of the SCC using lightweight aggregate increased compared to that of the control SCC.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.227-233
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• 2023

Tardive dyskinesia is an involuntary neurological movement disorder caused by long-term use of dopamine receptor-blocking drugs leading to dental implications like uncontrolled gnashing and grinding of teeth which in turn imperil the oral rehabilitation procedures as the excessive load increases the risk of prosthesis fracture. A 40-year male with a medical history of tardive dyskinesia visited the hospital to receive oral rehabilitation for missing maxillary anterior teeth. After the oral examination, tooth preparation was done on teeth 13, 15, and 23. After that silicon impression was made and the gypsum cast was digitalized using a desktop scanner and an interim prosthesis was fabricated by milling a resin block. During the try-in, the occlusal one-third of the interim prosthesis was trimmed, and an auto-polymerizing acrylic resin was applied on the occlusal surfaces and inserted in the patient's mouth. Then, the functionally generated path (FGP) of occluding surfaces of opposing arches was traced on the resin surface. When the resin was hardened, the modified interim prosthesis was removed and digitized using an intraoral scanner. The scan image was used in designing the occlusal morphology of definitive prosthesis by modifying the design of the interim prosthesis using the dual scan method. Lastly, a monolithic zirconia prosthesis was fabricated by milling a zirconia block. The definitive prosthesis was delivered reflecting the patient's occlusal scheme. This case report shows that the FGP technique with the dual scan method can help in fabricating fixed prosthesis with harmonious occlusion in a tardive dyskinesia patient.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.400-406
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• 2023

In this study, the relationship between the material properties and air permeability characteristics was examined, an experimental method to analyze the air permeability characteristics was presented, and experimental results were derived. The effects of compressive strength and apparent density of hardened concrete on air permeability characteristics were evaluated experimentally. Focusing on the mix proportions used in nuclear power plant concrete structures, concrete test specimens were manufactured and air permeability characteristics were measured according to changes in binder, maximum aggregate size, and water-binder ratio. The apparent density was over 2,400 kg/m³ for the OPC mix and the FA-35 mix, and the air permeability for both mixes were low, in the range of 0.1-0.2 L/min. On the other hand, in the case of the combination of FA-40, FA-45, and FA-M, the apparent density was measured to be less than 2,400 kg/m³ and the air permeability was measured to be more than 0.3 L/min, experimentally verifying that the apparent density is an important factor in air permeability characteristics.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.184-254
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• 2022

Through this thesis, the psychological meaning of the Korean folktale 'the servant who ruined the master's house' was examined. The opposition between the master and the servant is a universal matter of the human psychology. It can be seen as a conflict between the hardened existing collective consciousness and the new consciousness to compensate for and renew it. From different angles, it has become the opposition between man's spiritual and instinctive aspects, between the conscious and the unconscious, or between the ego and the shadow. In the folktale, the master tries several times to get rid of the youngest servant, but the servant uses tricks and wits to steal food, a horse, the youngest sister, and all money from the master, and finally, take his life. It ends with the marriage of the youngest sister and the servant. Enantiodromia, in which the master dies, and the servant becomes the new master, can be seen that the old collective consciousness is destroyed, and the new consciousness that has risen from the collective unconscious takes the dominant position. In an individual's psychological situation, it can be seen that the existing attitude of the ego is dissolved and transformed into a new attitude. In the middle of the story, the servant marries the youngest sister by exploiting naive people to rewrite the back letter written by the master to kill him. This aspect can be understood negatively in the moral concept of collective consciousness, but it can also be seen as a process of integrating mental elements that have been ignored in the collective consciousness of the Joseon Dynasty, symbolized by a woman, a honey seller, and a hungry Buddhist monk. The new consciousness, represented by the servant, has the characteristics of a trickster that is not bound by the existing frame, so it can encompass the psychological elements that have been ignored in the collective consciousness. Such element may represent compensation or an alternative to the collective consciousness in the late Joseon Dynasty. The master puts the servant in a leather bag and hangs it on a tree to kill the servant. However, the servant deceives a blind man; he opened his eyes while hanged. Instead of the servant, the blind man dies, and the servant is freed. As the problem of the conflict between master and servant is finally entrusted to the whole spirit (Self) symbolized by a tree, the blind man gets removed. It can be understood as an intention of the Self to distinguish and purify the elements of recklessness, stupidity, and greed included in the trickster. Through these processes, the servant, which symbolizes a new change in collective consciousness or a new attitude of ego, solves the existing problems and takes the place of the master. While listening to the cunning servant's performance, the audience feels a sense of joy and liberation. At the same time, in the part where the blind man and the master's family die instead and the servant becomes the master, they experience feelings of fear and concern about the danger and uncontrollability of the servant. The tricksters appearing in foreign analogies are also thoroughly selfish and make innocent beings deceive or die in order to satisfy their desires and escape from danger. Efforts to punish or reform these tricksters are futile and they run away. Therefore, this folktale can also be seen as having a purpose and meaning to let us know that this archetypal shadow is very dangerous and that consciousness cannot control or assimilate it, but only awe and contemplate it. Trickster is an irrational manifestation of revivifying natural energy that rises from the unconscious as a compensation for hardened existing structure and order. The phenomenon may be destructive and immoral from the standpoint of the existing collective mind, but it should be seen as a function of the collective unconscious, a more fundamental psychic function that cannot be morally defined. The servant, a figure of the trickster archetype, is a being that brings transformation and has the duality and contradiction of destructiveness and creativity. The endings of this folktale's analogies are diverse, reflecting the diversified response of the audience's mind due to the ambivalence of the trickster, and also suggesting various responses toward the problem of the trickster from the unconscious. It also shows that the trickster is a problem of inconclusive and controversial contradictions that cannot be controlled with a conscious rational attitude, and that we can only seriously contemplate the trickster archetype within us.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.25
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• pp.119-132
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• 2004

Annals of the Joseon Dynasty is the authentic record of the historical facts and events taken place throughout the entire period of 472 years(25 generations, 1392~1863)described in a chronological order. The tremendous volume of the records contains the factual events taken place in almost all the fields of the Joseon Dynasty ranging from politics, economy to history of the dynasty. Not only because of its affluent contents but also with the precision of its records, it was designated as the National Treasure No. 151 in1973 by the Korean government and also registered as the Memory of the World by UNESCO in October 1997.This study is to report a exhaustive investigation results on the conservation state of annals of the Joseon Dynasty, especially Mt. Jeongjoksan edition, under the storage of the Kyujanggak in order to obtain the current condition, and thereby to estimate the any deterioration of the waxed volumes in the future. According to results of the investigation, we are going to verify damage causes of annals of the Joseon Dynasty, and to consider scientific conservation methods for the permanent preservation of invaluable cultural heritage. The major problem with the preservation of annals has arisen particularly from the deterioration of the waxed volumes of the Mt. Jeongjoksan edition. In order to provide for the counter measures for this problem, we have conducted twice investigations(first :1998~1999, second : 2003) to the internal and external conditions of waxed volumes(Annals of King Taejo~Annals of King Myeongjong).The result of the investigation has indicated that the paper quality of the some of the waxed volumes (Annals of King Taejong~Annals of King Sejong) is cracked and folded and the pages are imbedded to each other due to the hardened or congealed wax on the paper. Some of the pages are even getting moldy. And in order to detect as to whether“ there has been any deterioration progressed to the waxed books in the modern storage facility of the Kyujanggak equipped with constant temperature and humidity condition, the first investigation(1998~1999) and the second investigation(2003) have recorded the values of acidity, whiteness and moisture rate of the waxed paper, reporting an observation that there has been no difference on the measuring items. This indicates that no virtual deterioration has been progressed so far to the waxed volumes preserved in the Kyujanggak. Also, except for the causes of deterioration to the paper by insects and microorganisms, the major cause for the paper damage seems to the change of moisture of the paper caused from the alteration of the temperature and humidity of the storage environment. With this understanding in mind, we have conducted an environmental investigation on the three selected points of the storage in the aspects of the temperature, humidity, air current, $CO_2$,HCHO, and $SO_2$.It has been observed that the temperature stood at $16.9^{\circ}C~20.2^{\circ}C$ and the humidity was stable between 53%~56% during the period of the investigation. The concentration of the carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide of the storage were very similar to those in the air. These data lead to presume that there is no problem in the aspect of carbon oxidization. But the concentration of sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and formaldehyde of the storage were detected a little higher than those of standard. Therefore, we consider that it is necessary to ventilate the internal air of the store room by means of operating air purification devices.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.394-399
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• 2004

The effects of gamma irradiation to improve the hygienic quality and microbiological shelf stability of whole baked egg were investigated by comparison with autoclaving process. The contamination levels of coliform, total aerobic bacteria and fungal group in a fresh egg were 10$^{5}$ CFU/g, 10$^{2}$ CFU/g and 10$^{1}$ CFU/g, respectively. After baking process, total aerobic bacteria and fungi were not exceeded to 10$^{1}$ CFU/g. Also, coliform was not detected under the aseptic process. However, cell counts of the baked egg after packaging reached to 10$^{4}$ CFU/g of total aerobic bacteria, 10$^{1}$ CFU/g of coliform, and 10$^{2}$ CFU/g of fungi. Therefore, it was assumed that microbial contamination of baked and packaged egg was mainly originated from an environmental uptake during packaging process. Microbiological shelf stability of the non sterilized control was about a week. Whereas, the baked eggs irradiated at more than 5 kGy were stable over 12 weeks at ambient condition as like those being autoclaved. Analytical texture profIle was stable within 10 kGy, but it became hardened in the sample treated with autoclaving. About 67$\%$ of panelists identified a sensory difference between non-irradiated and 10 kGy-irradiated sample. The baked egg irradiated at 10 kGy and autoclaved had lower acceptability than the control or samples irradiated lower than 5 kGy. Therefore, it was considered that optimal irradiation dose for radiation sterilization of baked and packaged egg was 5 kGy. At that point, it was recommended that appropriate microbiological shelf-life was 12 weeks at ambient condition.