• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.271-277
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• 2019

CareDose 4D which is the Siemens's Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) can adjust the level of radiation dose distribution which is based on organ characteristic unlike other manufacturer's AEC. Currently, a wide scan range containing different organs is sometimes examined at once (defined as one scan). The purpose of this study was to figure out which organ characteristic option is suitable when one scan method is utilized. Two types of anthropomorphic phantoms were scanned in the same range which were from frontal bone to carina level according to three different organ characteristics such as Thorax, Abdomen, and Neck. All scans and image reconstruction parameters were equally applied and radiation dose were compared. Radiation dose with Thorax organ characteristic was lower than that with Neck. Also, that with Abdomen oran characteristic was lower than Thorax. There were significant differences in radiation dose according to different organ characteristics at the same parameters (P<0.05). Usage of Neck organ characteristic had a result of the highest radiation dose to all phantom. On the other hand, utilization of Abdomen organ characteristic showed the lowest radiation dose. As a result, it is desirable to set appropriate organ characteristic according to examined body part when you checkup patients. Also, when you implement one scan method, selection of Abdomen-based organ characteristic has reduced more radiation dose compared with two different organ characteristic.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2019

본 논문은 지역의 문화콘텐츠의 제작기술과 인프라를 기반으로 스토리텔링 중심의 캐릭터 브랜드 상품의 부재로 인하여 지역 문화자원의 재구성 및 상품화가 필요하다고 판단되어 전통적 문화소재인 캐릭터를 발굴하여 문화산업 기념품으로 개발하였다. 스토리텔링 기반의 캐릭터 상품 개발에 대한 차별화 전략을 통해 발전된 사업기반을 확립할 수 있는 토대가 되어, 다양한 콘텐츠 제작의 밑거름과 더불어 발전된 도예 상품들의 공급 확대에 기여할 것으로 보여 진다. 또한, 수작업 기반의 제작으로 인해 소량 생산만 가능하고 제작기간이 길어지는 반면 3D 프로그램 및 3D 프린팅을 통한 목업 제작으로 석고 틀 제작 기간이 단축되었으며, 대량생산의 발판이 마련되어 기존의 전통적인 도자기 인형에서 벗어나 다양하고 풍부한 도자기 제품 개발에 효과가 있었다.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2018

This study analyzed the physical characteristics and change characteristics of urban detached residential area. In the reality of South Korea in which the history of modern urbanization is not long, the densification that progressed together with sudden population growth without any consideration of city plans became to reveal many problems. Thereafter, apartment-centered large scaled development plans have been implemented until now as an alternative for the foregoing. As the residential environments of old downtown areas that were excluded from the development have been gradually deteriorated, large scaled re-development and reconstruction projects have been adopted as ways to solve the problems of the old downtown areas. On one hand, the development methods that damage the history of the detached housing areas have been resisted. With such a background, this study attempted the analysis of the change characteristics of the Kookmin Housing Complex in Suyu 1-dong, Seoul with a view to playing the role of evidentiary materials for the disappearing urban detached housing areas or those urban detached housing areas that may be revived. This author hopes and the results of this study will lead to careful development that presents measures to maintain and develop modern urban residential areas where the history of past residential areas and culture are disappearing due to full-scale redevelopment.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2022

The application of minimal invasive mastectomy has allowed surgeons to perform nipples-paring mastectomy via a shorter, inconspicuous incision under clear vision and with more precise hemostasis. However, it poses new challenges in microsurgical breast reconstruction, such as vascular anastomosis and flap insetting, which are considerably more difficult to perform through the shorter incision on the lateral breast border. We propose an innovative technique of transcutaneous medial fixation sutures to help in flap insetting and creating and maintaining the medial breast border. The sutures are placed after mastectomy and before flap transfer. Three 4-0 nylon suture loops are placed transcutaneously and into the pocket at the markings of the preferred lower medial border of the reconstructed breast. After microvascular anastomosis and temporary shaping of the flap on top of the mastectomy skin, the three corresponding points for the sutures are identified. The three nylon loops are then sutured to the dermis of the corresponding medial point of the flap. The flap is placed into the pocket by a simultaneous gentle pull on the three sutures and a combined lateral push. The stitches are then tied and buried after completion of flap inset.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.140-147
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• 2023

Background: The management of acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation remains controversial. Recently, anatomic coracoclavicular (CC) fixation with a double clavicular tunnel and three flip-buttons has shown promising results. This study aimed to evaluate functional and radiological outcomes in patients with high-grade AC joint dislocation treated with anatomic CC fixation using double clavicular tunnels and three flip-buttons. Methods: A retrospective, unicentric study was performed. The study included patients with high-grade AC joint dislocation who underwent surgery with anatomic CC fixation using double clavicular tunnels and three flip-buttons. Demographic data were obtained from medical records. A functional evaluation using subjective shoulder value (SSV), visual analog scale (VAS), and disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) questionnaires was performed, and an evaluation of preoperative and postoperative comparative Zanca view images was performed. Factors associated with functional outcomes and radiological AC reduction were analyzed. Results: A total of 83 patients completed follow-up and were included in the analysis. The mean SSV, VAS, and DASH scores were 92.8, 0.8, and 6.4, respectively. Patients who had complications experienced significantly worse functional outcomes (DASH: P=0.037). Suboptimal final AC reduction was observed in nine patients (11.1%), and significantly more frequently in patients older than 40 years (P=0.031) and in surgeries performed more than 7 days after injury (P=0.034). There were two reoperations (2.4%). Conclusions: Anatomic CC fixation with a double clavicular tunnel and three flip-buttons leads to good functional outcomes, low complication rates, and high rates of optimal AC reduction.

• 대한화상학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.45-48
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• 2019

Allogenic keratinocyte application is widely used for treatment of second degree burns. However, there is no significant body of report on application of allogenic keratinocyte to third degree burns. A geriatric patient visited our burn center showing second to third-degree burn on dorsum of her left hand. Considering the surface area and wound depth, surgery was indicated but her medical condition and age made the surgery high risk for a long operation. Therefore, chemical escharolysis, serial bedside debridement, and cultured allogenic keratinocyte (Kaloderm^®, Tegoscience, Seoul, Korea) application was done. The wound was completely epithelialized after four rounds of Kaloderm^® application. For third-degree burns where definitive surgical reconstruction is precluded due to medical comorbidity of the patient, we investigated the possibility of allogenic keratinocyte treatment which may allow to avoid high-risk anesthesia and surgery.

• Medical Lasers
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2019

Background and Objectives Skin and soft tissue defects can be treated according to a range of strategies, such as local flap, skin graft, biological dressing, or free flap. On the other hand, free tissue transfer usually leaves a distinct scar with an inconsistency of color or hypertrophy. This problem is highlighted if the defect is located on the face, which could have devastating effects on a patient's psychosocial health. Materials and Methods The authors used an erbium : yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser to resurface the free flap skin and match the color with the surrounding facial skin. This study evaluated the effectiveness of laser skin resurfacing on the harmonious color matching of transferred flap. Patients who had undergone laser resurfacing on facial flap skin between January 2014 and December 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. An ablative 2,940-nm fractional Er:YAG laser treatment was delivered to the entire flap skin at 21 J/cm² with the treatment end-point of pinpoint bleeding. Several months later, the clinical photographs were analyzed. The L^*a^*b^* color co-ordinates of both the flap and surrounding normal skin were measured using Adobe Photoshop. The L^*a^*b^* color difference (ΔE) for the scar and normal surrounding skin were calculated using the following equation: ${\Delta}E=\sqrt{({\Delta}L)^2+({\Delta}a)^2+({\Delta}b)^2}$ Results All five patients were satisfied with the more natural appearance of the flaps. The ΔE values decreased significantly from the pre-treatment mean value of 19.64 to the post-treatment mean value of 11.39 (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p = 0.043). Conclusion Ablative laser resurfacing can improve the aesthetic outcome of free tissue transfer on the face.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.803-810
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• 2022

Objective: To investigate the clinical application of differential subsampling with Cartesian ordering (DISCO) contrast-enhanced (CE) magnetic resonance angiography for anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap transplantation, using operative findings as a reference. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients (21 males and nine females; mean age ± standard deviation, 45.5 ± 15.6 years) who were scheduled to undergo reconstruction with ALT flaps between June 2020 and June 2021 were included in the prospective study. Before ALT flap transplantation, patients were scanned using CE-DISCO imaging. All acquired DISCO images of the 60 lower limbs (both sides from each patient) were analyzed using maximum intensity projection and volume rendering methods. Two experienced radiologists were employed to examine the patterns of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA), its branches, and perforators and their skin termini, which were compared with the operative findings. Results: Using CE-DISCO, the patterns of the LCFA and its branches were clearly identified in all patients. Four different origins of the LCFA were found among the 60 blood vessels: type I (44/60, 73.3%), type II (6/60, 10.0%), type III (8/60, 13.3%), and type IV (2/60, 3.3%). Owing to a lack of perforators entering the skin, two patients did not undergo ALT flap transplantation. For the remaining 28 patients, the ALT flaps in 26 patients were successfully operated without flap reselection during the operation, while the remaining two patients underwent other surgical procedures due to the thin diameter of the perforator or injury of the perforator during the operation. The success rate of flap transplantation was 92.8% (26/28). All transplanted flaps exhibited good blood supply and achieved primary healing without infection or delayed healing. Conclusion: CE-DISCO imaging can be an effective method for preoperative perforator imaging before ALT flap transplantation.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권36호
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• pp.375-391
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• 2014

애니메이션은 이야기를 바탕으로 프레임을 구성하는 조형언어와 컷을 구성하는 프레임을 그려내는 비실사동영상예술이다. 따라서 영상을 표현함에 있어 프레임 내에서는 미술의 표현어법과 조형공간장치들을, 컷은 프레임과 프레임사이의 영상 어법을 충실하게 갖추어야한다. 단편애니메이션은 작가의 주관적 담론을 표현하기 위한 서사보다는 독특한 이미지표현과 다양한 영상 실험에 의해 제작되는 특징을 갖고 있다. 따라서 독창적인 영상을 구성하는 이미지스타일이나 다양한 영상연출 등이 매우 중요한 요소로 작용한다. 이번연구에서는 필름조작에 의한 제작방식을 보여준 <탱고>와 <페스트 필름>의 실험적 영상 연출의 특징을 상호 비교해보았다. 그 결과 다음과 같은 특징을 알 수 있었다. 첫째, 제작기법에서는 <탱고>는 라이브 영상에서 얻어낸 이미지를 셀매트에 직접 페인팅과 많은 옵티컬 노출공정을 통해 제작한 픽실레이션인 반면 <페스트 필름>은 수백편의 액션영화의 장면을 선별하여 찢기, 오리기, 붙이기, 접기 등의 다양한 콜라주기법으로 제작되었다. 둘째, 화면공간연출로는 <탱고>는 일반적인 화면전환을 거부하고 고정된 카메라앵글로 인물들의 비 인과관계를 반복된 행위와 순환적 영상구조로 표현한 반면 <페스트 필름>은 인물간의 상호 대립관계를 다양한 카메라앵글과 독특한 이미지의 화면전환으로 빠르게 진행하는 전진구조를 갖고 있었다. 셋째, 편집에서는 <탱고>는 다양한 인물의 등장으로 여러 개의 장면으로 보이나 실질적으로는 전체의 영상이 하나의 쇼트로 이루어진 롱 테이크 쇼트로 표현되었다. 반면 <페스트 필름>은 수백 개의 다양한 쇼트에 의한 영상재구성으로 시각적 재미와 몰입 도를 극대화하고 있다. 즉 두 작품 모두 일반적인 애니메이션제작방식과는 차별화된 필름조작을 통해 애니메이션영상표현의 확장성을 보여준 실험적 작품이라는 공통점을 갖고 있다. 이외에도 <탱고>가 뚜렷한 내러티브 없이 다양한 인간들의 반복일상을 재 개념화된 공간의 영상미로 전달한 반면 <페스트 필름>은 이항대립의 구조로 설정하고 속도감 있는 전개와 콜라주에 의한 이미지 재구성을 통해 새로운 영상공간으로 풀어내고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.459-467
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• 2009

목적: ML-EM (The maximum likelihood-expectation maximization) 기법은 방출과 검출 과정에 대한 통계학적 모델에 기반한 재구성 알고리즘이다. ML-EM은 결과 영상의 정확성과 유용성에 있어 많은 이점이 있는 반면 반복적인 계산과 방대한 작업량 때문에 CPU(central processing unit)로 처리할 때 상당한 연산시간이 소요되었다. 본 연구에서는 GPU(graphic processing unit)의 병렬 처리 기술을 ML-EM 알고리즘에 적용하여 영상을 재구성하였다. 대상 및 방법: 엔비디아사(社)의 CUDA 기술을 이용하여 ML-EM 알고리즘의 투사 및 역투사 과정을 병렬화 전략을 구상하였으며 Geforce 9800 GTX+ 그래픽 카드를 이용하여 병렬화 연산을 수행하여 기존의 단일 CPU기반 연산법과 비교하였다. 각 반복횟수마다 투사 및 역투사 과정에 걸리는 총 지연 시간과 퍼센트 오차(percent error)를 측정하였다. 총 지연 시간에는 RAM과 GPU 메모리 간의 데이터 전송 지연 시간도 포함하였다. 결과: 모든 반복횟수에 대해 CPU 기반 ML-EM 알고리즘보다 GPU 기반 알고리즘이 더 빠른 성능을 나타내는 것을 확인하였다. 단일 CPU 및 GPU 기반 ML-EM의 32번 반복연산에 있어 각각 3.83초와 0.26초가 걸렸으며 GPU의 병렬연산의 경우 15배 정도의 개선된 성능을 보였다. 반복횟수가 1024까지 증가하였을 경우, CPU와 GPU 기반 알고리즘은 각각 18분과 8초의 연산시간이 걸렸다. GPU 기반 알고리즘이 약 135배 빠른 처리속도를 보였는데 이는 단일 CPU 계산이 특정 반복횟수 이후 나타나는 시간 지연에 따른 것이다. 결과적으로, GPU 기반 계산이 더 작은 편차와 빠른 속도를 보였다. 결론: ML-EM 알고리즘에 기초한 GPU기반 병렬 계산이 처리 속도와 안정성을 더 증진시킴을 확인하였으며 이를 활용해 다른 영상 재구성 알고리즘에도 적용시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.