• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.210-214
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• 2009

This study identified microbial risk factors in agricultural products processing center (APC) through the microbial hazard analysis to introduce good agricultural practices (GAP) system in APCs. Samples were collected from surroundings (basket, tray loader, weighing cup, collector, box) and workers by swabbing (glove and cloth) and glove juice method (hand) to enumerate total bacteria, coliform, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella. The levels of total bacterial and coliform populations recovered from surroundings were 2.4-5.7 log CFU/100 $cm^2$ and 2.3-5.7 log CFU/100 $cm^2$ or hand for surroundings, and workers, respectively samples were 2.3-5.7 log CFU/100 $cm^2$ or hand. Escherichia coli populations were determined to be below detection limit. S. aureus and Salmonella populations recovered from surroundings were 3.0-4.4 log CFU/100 $cm^2$ and close to detection limit, respectively. Corresponding bacterial populations to worker's samples were 2.8-5.2 log CFU/100 $cm^2$ or hand (S. aureus) and below detection limit (Salmonella). Bacterial populations of APC certified facilities were similar (p${\geq}$0.05) with those of uncertified facilities. These results showed that this study should be useful in development of GAP models to improve microbial safety in APCs.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.181-194
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of music therapy combined with hand manipulation on depression and cognition in elderly women with mild depression. Methods: In order to investigate the effects of a music therapy program through hand, 20 elderly women with a GDS-K score of 14-18 were selected among women aged 65 to 84 living in Busan. The 10 subjects in the experimental group were given the music therapy program 3 times a week for 4 weeks, 12 sessions, and the 10 subjects in the control group were not given it. GDS-K and K-MoCA were performed before and after the experiment, and data analysis was performed through Wilcoxon's test using the SPSS 24.0 statistical package program. Results: The music therapy program through hand manipulation is effective in reducing depression in elderly women with mild depression, and there was a significant decrease. The sub-domains of depression, such as tension and depressive emotions, life dissatisfaction, lethargy, cognitive difficulties, low energy, and loss of motivation, were significantly reduced. In addition, it has an effect on cognition, and it significantly increased in attention, delayed recall ability, which are sub-domains of cognition. There is a significant difference in depression between the experimental group and the control group, and there is a significant difference in cognition between the two groups. Conclusions: The music therapy program with hand manipulation has a positive effect on depression and cognition in elderly women with mild depression.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.275-285
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• 2020

The aims of this study was to examine the effect on the hand disinfection performance, the performance rate, and the satisfaction with the use of the belt-type hand sanitizers in clinical nurses. The study is a one group pre-post test quasi-experimental design. Effectiveness of using the belt-type hand sanitizers was measured with a self-reporting questionnaire. As a result, the performance of hand disinfection and the performance rate were significantly higher after using the belt-type hand sanitizers, and also, the satisfaction with the use of the belt-type hand sanitizers was significantly high. The belt-type hand sanitizer is effective method to improve both hand disinfection performance and its performance rate. Therefore, if the belt-type hand sanitizer is used in clinical practice, it may contribute to the improving the hand disinfection performance and its performance rate.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2007

This study was performed to evaluate the characteristics of transmitted vibration to hand-arm system under different work posture while operating a light-weighted powered hand grinder. For the experiment, 8 different types of wrist posture (natural, unlar-flexion, radual-flexion, flexion, extension, complex posture, and etc.) and 3 types of feed force (20[N], 50[N], 70[N]) were considered. 10 male subjects were employed to polish metal plate with a hand grinder. All of them were normal and healthy with no history and symptom of the work related musculoskeletal disorders in the dominant hand. Vibration acceleration data were recorded with sampling rate, 2048[Hz]. In addition, unweighted overall R.M.S. acceleration at the tool and wrist, and transmissibility between them were used to evaluate factors from the recorded tri-axial vibration acceleration. The results indicate that transmissibility of natural wrist posture was significantly higher than others. In addition, as the feed force becomes larger, the vibration was transmitted in large quantities to hand-arm system through radius.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.183-189
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• 2018

The focus of this paper is to design and control a three fingered hand system with eight axes for smart factory with an flexible controller, and to keep a useful big database for dynamic manipulation based on the experimental results. The weight of the hand module is only 1.2 kg, but flexible motion and powerful grasping are possible. To achieve such a flexible motion control of a robotic hand, we have developed a robust and precise fingered hand with a control system incorporating image recognition system in which we deal with the problems of not only accuracy and range of motion but also the flexibility of hand. The fingers are arranged so as to grasp both circular and prismatic objects. In order to achieve the light mechanism, we reduced the number of joints and fingers as much as possible. In this study, it was used three fingers with eight axes which is the optimal number to achieve a robust grasping diverse shape parts for smart factory.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.19 no.1 s.140
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• pp.67-71
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• 1981

This study was undertaken to find out the characteristic craniofacial morphology of Class II Division 2 malocclusions in children by means of roentgenocephalometry. The subjects consisted of twelve boys and thirteen girls with Class Ii, Division 2, thirty seven boys and fifty three girls with Class II, Division 1, and forty six boys and eighty one girls with normal occlusion, ranged from 10 years old to 18 years old. The following results were obtained; 1. The anteroposterior relationship of the maxilla to the cranium in the Class II, Division 2 malocclusion similar to the normal occlusion, but the mandible was the posterior position in th the cranial anatomy. 2. There were no significant differences in the anteroposterior relationship of the maxilla and the mandible between Class II, Division 1 and Class II, Division 2 malocclusions. 3. In Class II, Division 1 the axes of maxillary incisors showed labial inclination, but lingual inclination in Class II, Division 2 malocclusions. 4. Overbite was prominent one in Class II, Division 2, on the other hand overjet was distinguished in Class II, Division 1.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 1985

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of tooth structure crazing when pinhole were drilled in dentin at various distances from the dentionenamel junction, and when pins were inserted by hand wrench and Auto-klutch handpiece. Sixty freshly extracted teeth were embedded in blocks of cold-curing acrylic resin to a level 1mm apical to the cementoenamel junction, the crown of the teeth were removed to a level 1.5mm coronal to the cementoenamel junction. After being sectioned, the cut surface of the teeth were smoothed, and they were divided into 4 groups. Group I : 4 pinholes were drilled with self-threading Minim spiral drill and pins were inserted with hand wrench in fifteen teeth. Group II : 4 pinholes were drilled with self-threading Minim spiral drill and pins were inserted with Auto-klutch handpiece in fifteen teeth. Group III : 4 pinholes were drilled with self-threading Regular spiral drill and pins were inserted with hand wrench in fifteen teeth. Group IV : 4 pinholes were drilled with self-threading Regular spiral drill and pins were inserted with Auto-klutch handpiece in fifteen teeth. The cut surface were then examined microscopically for the presence or absence of craze line. The results were as follows: 1. The self-threading Minim pin groups (Group I & II) produced less craze lines than did the self-threading Regular pin groups (Group III & IV). 2. In the self-threading Minim pin groups, there was more craze lines with hand wrench (Group I) than with Auto-klutch handpiece (Group 11). 3. In the self-threading Regular pin groups, there was more craze lines with hand wrench (Group III) than with Auto-klutch handpiece (Group IV). 4. Placement of the pinhole at 0.0mm from the dentionenamel junction produced more craze lines than placed at 0.5mm, 1.0mm (p<0.05), however there was no statistically significant between the 0.5mm and 1.0mm distance.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.50-61
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the current attitudes and knowledge toward Koryo Hand Therapy(KHT) by the experienced people. Method: The Subjects for this study included 3,351 people living in Korea who experienced KHT. The data were collected from April 6 to November 25, 2004 using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed through the SAS 8.1 Windows Program using frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: The results of the study are as follows: 1) Families and relatives were a main source of information about Koryo Hand Therapy. The subjects were very satisfied with therapeutic and preventive effects of the therapy. Sujichim was the most preferable choice in the KHT. Most of the subjects thought that KHT could be applied to modern medicine. 2) Those who experienced KHT had a high level of knowledge and very positive attitudes toward KHT. 3) There were statistically significant differences in the attitude toward KHT according to age, gender, educational level, religion, income, place of residence, marital status and experience which studied KHT. 4) There were significant differences in the knowledge of KHT according to age, educational level, income, marital status and experience which studied KHT. 5) The data showed positive correlation between attitude and knowledge. Conclusion: According to the above findings, it can be concluded that KHT needs to be actively informed and more easily approached by general peoples. Nursing protocols of KHT needed to be developed.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.109-112
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• 2004

The charged mosaic membranes having cation and anion exchange mixed groups within membrane were researched. The composite charged mosaic membrane was investigated from simultaneous transport such as solute and solvent flux. On the other hand, the reflection coefficient and salt flux coefficient were estimated by taking account of the cross constants of the phenomenological equation.(omitted)

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to investigate the microbial contamination levels on food service in university and to provide the information of microbial contamination to improve food safety. A total of 288 samples were collected during summer and winter season between 2006 and 2008 from 4 food services located in the university in Western Gyeongnam and were used to detect sanitary indicator bacteria [aerobic plate count (APC), coliform, and Escherichia coli] and pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp.). As a result, APC and coliform for hand and kitchen utensils which are used often by the employee were detected at high levels of 1.1~5.5 and 1.3~5.3 log CFU/($100\;cm^2$, hand), respectively. The contamination levels of APC and coliform in cooked foods and drinking water were 0.8~6.4 and 1.3~5.0 log CFU/(g, mL), respectively. Especially, the cooked foods showed the highest contamination for APC (2.1~6.4 log CFU/g) and coliform (1.0~5.0 log CFU/g). We think the reason that the cooked foods may be contaminated with APC and coliform on cooking process by using employee's hand and kitchen utensils. Moreover, S. aureus for hand and kitchen utensils was detected at levels of 2.8~3.0 and 2.0~2.3 log CFU/(g, hand), but Salmonella spp. was not detected. According to the above results, contamination levels of the samples were mostly decreased irrespective of summer and winter season. The results obtained indicated that it is necessary to periodic monitoring for microorganism contamination and education about personal and environmental hygiene to employee for ensuring food safety of food service in university.