• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.3131-3149
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• 2016

In-band Full-duplex (IBFD) wireless communication allows improved throughput for wireless networks. The current Half-duplex (HD) medium access mechanism Request to Send/Clear to Send (RTS/CTS) has been directly applied to IBFD wireless networks. However, this is only able to support a symmetric dual link, and does not provide the full advantages of IBFD. To increase network throughput in a superior way to the HD mechanism, a novel three-way handshaking access mechanism RTS/SRTS (Second Request to Send)/CTS is proposed for point to multipoint (PMP) IBFD wireless networks, which can support both symmetric dual link and asymmetric dual link communication. In this approach, IBFD wireless communication only requires one channel access for two-way simultaneous packet transmissions. We first describe the RTS/SRTS/CTS mechanism and the symmetric/asymmetric dual link transmission procedure and then provide a theoretical analysis of network throughput and delay using a Markov model. Using simulations, we demonstrate that the RTS/SRTS/CTS access mechanism shows improved performance relative to that of the RTS/CTS HD access mechanism.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.433-444
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• 2009

The bi-directional relay channel is the natural extension of a three-terminal relay channel where node a transmits to node b with the help of a relay r to allow for two-way communication between nodes a and b. That is, in a bi-directional relay channel, a and b wish to exchange independent messages over a shared channel with the help of a relay r. The rates at which this communication may reliably take place depend on the assumptions made on the relay processing abilities. We overview information theoretic limits of the bi-directional relay channel under a variety of conditions, before focusing on half-duplex nodes in which communication takes place in a number of temporal phases (resulting in protocols), and nodes may forward messages in four manners. The relay-forwarding considered are: Amplify and forward (AF), decode and forward (DF), compress and forward (CF), and mixed forward. The last scheme is a combination of CF in one direction and DF in the other. We derive inner and outer bounds to the capacity region of the bi-directional relay channel for three temporal protocols under these four relaying schemes. The first protocol is a two phase protocol where a and b simultaneously transmit during the first phase and the relay r alone transmits during the second. The second protocol considers sequential transmissions from a and b followed by a transmission from the relay while the third protocol is a hybrid of the first two protocols and has four phases. We provide a comprehensive treatment of protocols in Gaussian noise, obtaining their respective achievable rate regions, outer bounds, and their relative performance under different SNR and relay geometries.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제35권6B호
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• pp.921-929
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• 2010

그룹통신은 이동통신 환경에서 사용할 수 있는 중요한 응용분야의 하나이다. PoC(Push to Talk over Cellular)는 셀룰러 전화망에서 사용되는 그룹통신을 위한 서비스이며, 단방향(half duplex) 통신으로 통화 버튼을 한 번 누름으로써 한 사용자가 그룹에 속한 다수에게 통화를 할 수 있게 한다. 이러한 서비스를 바탕으로 본 논문에서는 모바일 와이맥스(802.16e) 네트워크에서 그룹통신 프로토콜을 설계하였다. 또한 설계된 프로토콜의 검증과 성능평가를 위해 시뮬레이션을 실행하였다. 성능평가 결과 개발된 그룹통신이 안정적으로 동작함을 확인할 수 있었으며, 성능이 허용 범위 내에서 정상적으로 동작함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.1321-1328
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• 2015

무전기의 음성통신은 PTT(: Push To Talk)를 이용한 반이중(half-duplex) 방식으로, 송신 시 단일 통화선로를 점유한다. 전화와 무전기간, UHF와 VHF 간의 인터페이스와 같이 서로 다른 이종 장치 간 음성통신을 위해서는 두 장치간의 자동전환장치가 요구되고, 이 장치는 입력 신호로부터 전송해야 할 음성을 검출하는 음성전환장치의 성능에 따라 전송되는 음성신호의 손실여부에 많은 영향을 받는다. 기존방식은 단순 입력신호의 크기 즉, 에너지 레벨을 통해 기준을 정함으로써 잡음에도 반응하는 문제점을 지니고 있다. 본 논문에서는 음성신호처리기법을 이용하여 입력된 신호가 음성임을 판별함으로써, 이종 기기 사이의 음성을 자동으로 전달하는 장치를 구현하였다. 이를 통해 음성 자동전환장치의 성능향상을 확인하였고, 이종 기기 간 음성 손실 없는 전송을 수행할 수 있었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.744-751
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• 2017

The fatigue crack propagation behaviors of Z3CN20.09M duplex stainless steel (DSS) were investigated by studying oxide films of specimens tested in $290^{\circ}C$ water and air. The results indicate that a full oxide film that consisted of oxides and hydroxides was formed in $290^{\circ}C$ water. By contrast, only a half-baked oxide film consisting of oxides was formed in $290^{\circ}C$ air. Both environments are able to deteriorate the elastic modulus and hardness of the oxide films, especially the $290^{\circ}C$ water. The fatigue lives of the specimens tested in $290^{\circ}C$ air were about twice of those tested in $290^{\circ}C$ water at all strain amplitudes. Moreover, the crack propagation rates of the specimen tested in $290^{\circ}C$ water were confirmed to be faster than those tested in $290^{\circ}C$ air, which was thought to be due to the deteriorative strength of the oxide films induced by the mutual promotion of oxidation and crack propagation at the crack tip. It is noteworthy that the crack propagation can be postponed by the ferrite phase in the DSS, especially when the specimens were tested in $290^{\circ}C$ water.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.711-732
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• 2019

Many unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) applications have been employed for performing data collection in facilitating tasks such as surveillance and monitoring objectives in remote and dangerous environments. In light of the fact that most of the existing UAV relaying applications operate in conventional half-duplex (HD) mode, a full-duplex (FD) based UAV relay aided wireless network is investigated, in which the UAV relay helps forwarding information from the source (S) node to the destination (D). Since the activated UAV relays are always floating and flying in the air, its channel state information (CSI) as well as channel capacity is a time-variant parameter. Considering decode-and-forward (DF) relaying protocol in UAV relays, the cooperative relaying channel capacity is constrained by the relatively weaker one (i.e. in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR)) between S-to-relay and relay-to-D links. The channel capacity can be optimized by adaptively optimizing the transmit power of S and/or UAV relay. Furthermore, a hybrid HD/FD mode is enabled in the proposed UAV relays for adaptively optimizing the channel utilization subject to the instantaneous CSI and/or remaining self-interference (SI) levels. Numerical results show that the channel capacity of the proposed UAV relay aided wireless networks can be maximized by adaptively responding to the influence of various real-time factors.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.121-125
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• 2007

In this paper, a planar active retrodirective four-element array with subharmonic phase conjugation mixers based on anti-parallel diode pairs (APDPs) is designed, and its application in the auto-tracking duplex communication link is presented. As compared to previous phase conjugation mixers using twice RF frequency for LO frequency, the proposed conjugation mixers need only half RF frequency so that it can be easily applied for millimeter-wave applications. The proposed architecture, which conventionally performs the function of the transmission of an incident signal back in the direction of its source, is modified in order to include a receive function. Experimental verification of these architectures is performed at 1GHz and the results from the prototypes are compared with a theoretical model.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.533-540
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• 2015

We study relay selection in decode-and-forward (DF)-based relay networks consisting of a source, a destination, an eavesdropper, and multiple relays, where each terminal has a single antenna and operates in a half-duplex mode. In these networks, it is desirable to protect the confidential message from the source to the destination against the eavesdropper with the help of a single selected relay. Specifically, we begin by investigating DF-based networks for the scenario instantaneous signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) related to the eavesdropper are available. For the scenario, we propose relay selection to maximize the secrecy rate of DF-based networks with and without direct-paths, and we derive the exact secrecy outage probabilities in closed-form.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제26권3B호
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• pp.347-354
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• 2001

IEEE 1394 버스는 데이터 패킷 전송시 반이중(half duplex)으로, 0과 1의 두 상태를 이용하여 전송한다. 그러나 버스 자동 구성 및 중재 기간에서 양방향으로 버스 중재 선 상태(arbitrtation line state) 신호를 주고받으며, 이는 Z, 0. 1의 세 논리 상태를 가지고 있다. IEEE 1394 버스를 채택한 노드는 시스템에 연결시 자동으로 네트웍을 트리 구조로 구성하고, 6 비트 물리 ID를 할당하며, 이는 버스 리셋, 트리 식별, 자기 식별의 세과정을 통해 구성된다. 또 전송할 데이터가 있는 경우 노드는 버스의 사용권을 얻기 위한 버스 중재(arbitration) 후 전송을 시작한다. 이러한 시스템 자동 구성을 위한 과정들과 버스 중재 과정에서 양방향으로 아날로그 0, 1, Z의 중재 선 상태 신호를 주고받게 된다. 본 논문에서는 기존 IEEE 1394를 채택한 노드들과 화환되며 중재 선 상태를 0과 1의 논리 상태만을 사용하여 버스 자동 구성 및 버스 중재를 디지털 회로로 구성할 수 있는 중재 선 상태 디코딩 알고리즘을 제안하였고, VHDL을 이용하여 전체 시스템의 동작을 시뮬레이션하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2000년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.433-437
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 데이터 전송용 특정 소출력 무선국용 무선기기의 송수신단의 회로를 설계하고 제작하여 특성을 측정하였다. 주파수 대역은 424.7~424.95MHz이고, 반이중(Half Duplex Communication) 통신방식, PLL Synthesized, 20 Channel, 12.5kHz Channel Bandwidth 그리고 FSK Modulation/Demodulation 방식을 사용하였다. 송신단은 저잡음 증폭기와 전력증폭기를 사용하여 10mW의 출력으로 설계하였고, 발생되는 스퓨리어스를 감쇄시키기 위해 저역통과필터와 공진 회로로 구성하였다. 수신단은 Dual Conversion 방식을 사용하였다. 설계한 결과, 송신단의 출력은 9.71dBm, 스퓨리어스특성 47dBc 그리고 수신단은 감도가 -113dBm에서 Jitter가 $\pm$12.3%로 나타났다.