• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 1999

This study is concerned with assessment of diethylnitrosamine(DEN) induced liver cell carcinogenesis by measurement of changes preceding the development of neoplasms. Therefore, it was undertaken to investigate the changes of liver-specific enzyme activities in rats (Sprague-Dawley) by ad libitum feeding of DEN. And also, as another objective index in urine, the level of urinary biopterin was measured by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method. The results were as follows ; 1. Minor behavioral change, brittleness of hair and decreased amount of water and diet intake were observed in rats 7 weeks after DEN administration. 2. The body and liver weights were significantly(p<0.05) decreased in rats 11 weeks after DEN administration. 3. The ratio of liver weight to body weight was rather stable and not significantly decreased in the all treatment groups. 4. The liver specific enzyme activities(AST, ALT,$\gamma$-GTP) were significantly(p<0.05) increased in all treatment groups compared to control group. 5. Compared to normal level, urine biopterin level was significantly (p<0.05) increased in all treatment groups(p<0.05). In conclusion, this result confirmed that the DEN was one of the potent hepatocarcinogens. In experimental model of rats exposed to DEN, the results indicated that values of liver specific enzyme activities(AST, ALT, $\gamma$-GTP) and urine biopterin level could be useful complementary tumor indices.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.11-13
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• 1999

Recently it was reported that Insertion/Deletion polymorphism in the gene coding for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) is associated with human capacity for physical performance. This study was performed to genotyping of the ACE gene to determine the correlation between elite endurance performance and ACE I/D gene polymorphism. DNA sample was obtained from peripheral blood, hair roots and mouth epithelial cell in 739 general population and 200 elite athletic performance students. The ACE gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using allele specific oligonucleotide primers. 155, 525 bp and 237 bp PCR products indicating the presence of insertion(I) and deletion(D) alleles, respectively, were clearly resolved after electrophoresis on a 2% agarose gel with ethidium bromide. Of the 200 elite athletic performance population subjects, 68(34%) showed ACE genotype 11,100(50%) genotype ID and 32(16%) genotype DD. Of the 739 general population subjects, 259(35.1%) showed ACE genotype 11,363(49.1%) genotype ID and 117(15.8%) genotype DD. Therefore ACE I/D gene polymorphism was not associated with human capacity for physical performance.(p>0.05)

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.275-278
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• 2018

Trichoblastic carcinoma usually occurs as a malignant transformation of the trichoblastoma, but is very rare. A 25-year-old man was admitted with trichoblastoma in the nuchal area with frequent recurrences since birth. The preoperative neck magnetic resonance image revealed lobulated soft tissue lesions involving superficial fascia and infiltrating into both proximal trapezius muscles. In our department, wide excision and reconstruction with a free anterolateral thigh flap were performed. Histological examination revealed skin adnexal carcinoma, originating from the hair follicles, consistent with trichoblastic carcinoma. There was no palpable mass 5 years postoperatively, and there was no recurrence on follow-up positron emission tomography-computed tomography. Trichoblastic carcinomas are rare and difficult to diagnose, but histopathological findings include atypical basaloid keratinocytes with crowded, hyperchromatic nuclei, and increased mitotic activity. The presence of hypercellular stroma is a criterion for distinguishing trichoblastic carcinoma from basal cell carcinoma. A rare giant trichoblastic carcinoma was reported, which was the biggest one in the literature.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 2019

Interaction between epidermis and dermis plays an important role in wound healing and hair follicle formation. This study focused on investigating the potency of ethanol extract of Puerariae Radix (EPR) as cosmetic ingredient using human dermal fibroblasts (hDFn). Our results revealed that EPR suppressed collagenase activity dose-dependently. EPR inhibited activity of $5{\alpha}$-reductase I and II at the final concentration of $25{\mu}g/ml$ in hDFn cells. Also, EPR promoted the proliferation and the ERK activation of cells. ERK phosphorylation by EPR was blocked by specific inhibitor of ERK, PD98059. EPR-induced cell proliferation was blocked by PD98059. This means that EPR could promote the proliferation of hDFn cells via the activation ERK. Collectively, these results suggest that EPR may be used as a new cosmetic ingredient.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.169-176
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• 2022

A primary cilium, a hair-like protrusion of the plasma membrane, is a pivotal organelle for sensing external environmental signals and transducing intracellular signaling. An interesting linkage between cilia and obesity has been revealed by studies of the human genetic ciliopathies Bardet-Biedl syndrome and Alström syndrome, in which obesity is a principal manifestation. Mouse models of cell type-specific cilia dysgenesis have subsequently demonstrated that ciliary defects restricted to specific hypothalamic neurons are sufficient to induce obesity and hyperphagia. A potential mechanism underlying hypothalamic neuron cilia-related obesity is impaired ciliary localization of G protein-coupled receptors involved in the regulation of appetite and energy metabolism. A well-studied example of this is melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), mutations in which are the most common cause of human monogenic obesity. In the paraventricular hypothalamus neurons, a blockade of ciliary trafficking of MC4R as well as its downstream ciliary signaling leads to hyperphagia and weight gain. Another potential mechanism is reduced leptin signaling in hypothalamic neurons with defective cilia. Leptin receptors traffic to the periciliary area upon leptin stimulation. Moreover, defects in cilia formation hamper leptin signaling and actions in both developing and differentiated hypothalamic neurons. The list of obesity-linked ciliary proteins is expending and this supports a tight association between cilia and obesity. This article provides a brief review on the mechanism of how ciliary defects in hypothalamic neurons facilitate obesity.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.404-408
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• 2023

In arctic zone of West Siberia, native people's bodies were sometimes mummified inside the medieval graves. In 2013 to 2017, we conducted the excavations of medieval graves at Zeleny Yar cemetery in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Among the burials, current report deals with the mummy grave #79. During the investigation, bronze plate and strips, woven or fur clothing, leather strap, beads, bronze bracelets, and iron knife etc. were collected. Anatomical and radiological research showed that the mummy was found intact with hair, skin, and skeletons, but the preservation status of soft tissue differed greatly depending on the area. The brain and eyes were well preserved, but the chest and abdominal organs almost disappeared. The arms were preserved to some extent, but only the bones remained in the legs. The West Siberian mummy could be a great resource for anthropologists to reveal the biological aspects of arctic indigenous people.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.819-825
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• 2020

All living organisms exhibit the characteristics of aging, such as skin wrinkle formation, muscle degeneration, cataracts, and hair graying as the number of aged cells increases over time. Senescence, which is known as a key cause of aging, is directly related to the aging of living organisms because cells are aged by external and internal factors and eventually cell proliferation is stopped. Senescence is caused by the gradual shortening of the telomere with cell division, and lifespan is determined by the length of the telomere. Recently, it has been found that the histone deacetylase, which can influence gene expression, is not only involved in yeast but also deeply involved in anti-aging mechanisms in both C. elegans and humans. It was also discovered that old cells play a decisive role in the aging phenomenon, and it has been reported that it is possible to promote the proliferation of young cells and delay aging by removing these senescent cells from the inside. Therefore, in order to develop potential anti-aging agents in the future, research should begin with an in-depth study of telomerase activators, sirtuin activators, and senolytics.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.81-89
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• 2008

Purpose: This study aims to examine effect of microcurrent electrostimulation on burn healing by electric intensity and of which the electric intensity on the acute burn being cured with microcurrent electrostimulation therapy. Methods: 28 Sprague Dawley Rats is classified into a control group of 8 rats, an experimental group I of 10 rats and an experimental group II of 10 rats. The control group is not cured, the experimental group I is exposed to 10 Hz, and $100{\mu}A$ with microcurrent electrostimulation, and the experimental group II is exposed to 10 Hz, $300{\mu}A$ for 15 minutes a day. The next day, 2th, 4th, and 6th day after rats is burned. Result: There are not significant differences of length change of the burn cure between the control group, the experimental group I, and the experimental group II by a period. However, systematically hair follicle cell on the 2th day and epidermal cell on the 6th day turn up in the experimental group I, and the experimental group II. Inquiry: Nancy(1994) did not obtain the desired result when the skin of a pig is exposed to 0.1 Hz, and $100{\mu}A$ for wound healing. In the result of the study, when burn length is measured on the 2th, 4th, and 6th to see the length change of acute burn, there is not significant differences among 3 groups. Conclusion: Statistically, there is not significant differences of the length change between 3 groups. However, systematically the burn is cured faster in the experimental group I, and the experimental group II than in the contrast group.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.144-152
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• 2016

Background: The purpose of this study is to describe the morphological characteristics of the Aphanizomenon spp. and related species from the natural samples collected in the Nakdong River of South Korea. Results: Morphological characteristics in the four species classified into the genera Aphanizomenon Morren ex Bornet et Flahault 1888 and Cuspidothrix Rajaniemi et al. 2005 were observed by light microscopy. The following four taxa were identified: Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Ralfs ex Bornet et Flahault, Aphanizomenon klebahnii Elenkin ex Pechar, Aphanizomenon skujae $Kom{\acute{a}}rkov{\acute{a}}-Legnerov{\acute{a}}$ et Cronberg, and Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi ($Usa{\check{c}}ev$) Rajaniemi et al. Aph. flos-aquae and Aph. klebahnii always formed in fascicles; the others only occurred in solitary. Aph. flos-aquae was similar to Aph. klebahnii, whereas these species differed from each other by the size and shape of fascicles, which was macroscopic in Aph. flos-aquae and microscopic in the Aph. klebahnii. One of their characteristics was that trichomes are easily disintegrating during microscopic examination. C. issatschenkoi could be clearly distinguished from other species by hair-shaped terminal cell. Its terminal cell was almost hyaline and markedly pointed. Young populations of the species without heterocytes run a risk of a misidentification. Aph. skujae was characterized by akinete. Morphological variability of akinetes from natural samples collected in the Nakdong River was rather smaller than those reported by previous study. Conclusions: C. issatschenkoi are described for the first time in the Nakdong River. In addition, Aph. klebahnii and Aph. skujae are new to South Korea.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1285-1290
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• 2007

The present study aims to identify and characterize genes that cause differen genes between non-responders and responders to electroacupuncture (EA) on mechanical allodynia following peripheral nerve injury. Under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia, animals were subjected to unilateral transection of the superior caudal trunk at the level between S1 and S2 spinal nerves. EA stimulation (2Hz, 0.3 ms, 0.2-0.3 mA) was delivered to Zusanli (ST36) for 30 min 2 weeks after the surgery. The degree of mechanical allodynia was assessed quantitatively by touching the tail with von Frey hair (2.0 g) at 10 min intervals. The rats, which showed an EA-induced decrease of response frequencies under 10 %, were classified as non-responders and those displaying an EA-induced decrease of response frequencies 20 % or more were classified as responders. Results from oligonucleotide microarray, to which cDNAs from the spinal dorsal horn (DH) were applied, showed that hemoglobin beta chain complex and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-5 decreased and limbic system-associated membrane protein increased in the non-responder group, whereas calcium-independent alpha-Iatrotoxin receptor homolog-3 increased in the responder group. These results suggest that The functional abnormality of molecules regulating cell adhesion, intracellular signal transduction and cell differentiation in the spinal DH may be involved in the anti-allodynic effect of EA.