• 한국동물학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.89-127
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• 1965

1. This report is on the outcome of observation made up the breeding process of Narcissus flycatcher, Muscicapa narcissina zanthopygia, using 15 ness-boxes at Seoul and Kwang Nung Experimental forest in 1964, and the relevant feeding habit was studied by the collar method of wrapping the necks of thenestlings for 50-60 minutes or more in some cases from 1963 to 1964. 2. The Narcissus flycatcheris a common summer resident throughout Korea arriving at the end of April. The earliest data of arrival of this species in Seoul, is April 26, 1964. They migrate southward from the later part of September to early part of October. 3. In a week after their arrival , they start to build nest after a brief courtship. Male and female prepare their nest ina nestboxes in 4 or 5 days. Nests are usually found in the moss, which provide definite frame-work. The inner side of the nest is usually composed of roots of Gramineae or leaves of pine, oak or other broad leave tree. 4. The laying period is generally from the later part of April to the middle of June : and the number of eggs laid is from 3 to 8 , therefore 5 in average : eggs are pink with traces of milky yellow blending of light auburn and orange red spots and chicken-egg-like in shape. 5.The incubation takes place for 7-12 days from the middle part of May to the middle of June, in the order of male and female . The hatching rate tends to increase in proportion to clutch size. 6. The feeding period usually lasts 15 days in average from the early part of June to the middle of July and the feeding urge tends to increase in proportion to brood size. 7. The animals invading into their nest-boxes are red ants, chipmunks, bees , barkbeetles and philippine red-tailed shirkes, etc. 8. On the basis of analysis covering 714 birds in 31 nests, the food they consumed during the nesting period of nestlings were mostly of animal matters composing of : insect larvae form-39. 88% insect adult form 36.26%, insect pupae-0.19%, spider-17.75% and other animal matters 5.92% , Besides a small amount of plant pieces were found . As to the insect larvae, Lepidoptera was the largest in the content followed by Hymenoptera , Orthoptera and Coleoptera. As to the insect adult, Diptera was the largest in the content followed by Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera. In view of forest protection, noxious insect was of 69.38%, useful insect 4.39%, and spider 17.75%. 9. The rich assortment of its food, the ability of acquiring various insect (adults as well as larvae), its destruction of great numbers of harmful insects , and its quick assimilation artificial nesting with the nest-boxes of 2.5-3cm entrance hole employed, allow us to conclude that the flycatcher may be successfully employed in the elimination of fores pests. The above results are only that part obtained near Seoul in the middle of Korea, however, if we would extend the scheme to other broad areas using similar techniques, the nest-boxes could not only be well used by the birds, but also it would help to prevent the increase of harmful. insects.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권33호
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• pp.153-172
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• 2013

대부분의 공익성을 띈 콘텐츠들은 진부한 내용으로 메시지가 표면에 드러나는 경우가 많은데, 관객들은 이러한 콘텐츠를 흥미롭게 받아들이지 않는다. 애니메이션 또한 공익적 메시지를 전달하려다 보면 내용이 전반적으로 진부해질 수밖에 없는 것이 사실이다. <북극곰 파오>(PAO The Polar Bear, 2013)는 진부하고 교과서적인 내용인 지구 온난화 문제를 이야기함에 있어서 관객에게 흥미로운 경험이 되도록 하는 것에 초점을 두고 제작하였다. 또한 라이브 윈도우(Live windows)의 특성을 활용하여 애니메이션을 보는 것에 그치지 않고 관객의 참여를 통해 서사를 이루어낼 수 있도록 다중 형식 스토리(The Multiform Story)로 구성하였다. 본 논문에서는 <북극곰 파오>의 제작 사례를 통하여 극장과 라이브 윈도우에서의 차이점에 대하여 알아보고 이를 토대로 관객 참여를 위한 인터랙션 활용 사례를 살펴본다. 극장과 라이브 윈도우의 차이에 대해서는 장소의 특성에 따른 환경적 측면과 관객의 차이에 대해 분석해 보고, 인터랙션의 활용 사례는 불특정 다수를 위한 사용자 환경 디자인과 인터랙션에 대한 반응으로 서사가 바뀌는 과정을 중심으로 살펴보고 밀라노 광장에서의 상영 결과를 통해 공공예술로서의 애니메이션이 나아가야할 방향에 대하여 제시해본다. 라이브 윈도우의 특성상 <북극곰 파오>의 관객은 애니메이션을 보러 온 관객이 아니라 각기 다른 목적지를 향해 가고 있는 거리의 사람들이다. 이들을 대상으로 서사를 가진 애니메이션을 상영한다는 것은 새로운 시도였다. 밀라노 광장에서 상영이 시작되었을 때, 관객들은 본인의 참여로 이야기의 흐름이 바뀌는 경험을 통해 상당한 만족감을 느꼈으며, 흥미로운 경험의 끝에 지구 온난화 문제를 자연스럽게 떠올릴 수 있었을 것이다. <북극곰 파오>의 메시지를 통해 사람들의 습관과 생각을 얼마나 변화시켰는지 당장은 알 수 없지만 이러한 시도를 통해서 애니메이션의 사회적 역할의 가능성을 엿볼 수 있는 계기가 되었다. 세계적으로 수많은 애니메이션이 제작되고 있다. 대부분 극장과 TV, 영화제를 목표로 제작되고 있는데, 조금 더 다양한 방법을 통해서 관객과 만날 수 있어야 한다. 그 중 하나가 바로 공공예술로서의 애니메이션이고, <북극곰 파오>는 그러한 의미에서 새로운 시도였다고 할 수 있다. 또한 앞으로 공공예술로서의 애니메이션은 우리가 함께 더불어 살 수 있는 생각을 공유하고 나눌 수 있는 흥미로운 경험을 선사하기 위해 노력해야 한다. 다양한 매체의 예술이 공익을 생각하는 예술로 바뀌어가고 있는 만큼 애니메이션도 다양한 테크놀로지와 융합하여 새로운 형태의 공공예술로 나아갈 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.115-132
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• 2003

본 연구는 제 7차 실과교육과정의 6학년 재활용품 만들기 단원에 창의적 문제해결 수업모형을 적용하여 환경의식 및 창의성을 증진시킬 수 있는가를 실험적으로 검증함으로서 초등 실과 환경 단원의 교수-학습 방법에 관한 기초 자료를 제공하는데 연구의 목적을 두었다. 본 연구는 초등실과환경 단원에 적용한 창의적 문제해결 수업 안의 효과를 알아보기 위하여 실험집단에는 창의적 문제해결 수업안을 적용한 교수-학습 계획안을, 비교집단에는 전통적 수업모형을 적용한 교수-학습 계획안을 적용하였다. 본 연구에서는 창의적 문제해결 수업안을 적용한 실험집단과 전통적 수업모형을 적용한 비교집단간의 환경의식의 차이를 검증하기 위하여 t-검증을 실시하였다. 연구 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 내릴 수 있었다. 첫째, 초등실과 환경단원의 창의적 문제해결 수업모형을 적용한 실과수업을 받은 아동은 환경의식 점수가 의의 있게 향상되어, 창의적 문제해결 수업이 아동의 환경의식 증진에 효과가 있음을 알 수 있다. 이는 환경단원의 창의적 문제 해결 수업이 실천적이고 일상 생활에서 일어나는 생활 습관에 관련된 교육 내용이 많이 포함되어 있어 환경 보존 실행의지가 강화되고, 스스로 찾은 여러 가지 환경 문제를 파악하고 해결하기 위해 다양한 학습을 전개하고 환경관련 주제에 대해 다양한 기능이 배양된 것으로 학생들의 환경의식과 실천태도가 향상되었음을 알 수 있다. 또한 환경문제를 해결하기 위한 재활용 만들기가 우리 생활에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 눈으로 확인함으로서 환경에 대한 인식이 긍정적으로 형성된 것으로 본다. 둘째, 실과교과에의 창의적 문제해결 수업의 적용은 아동의 창의성 검사결과 유의한 결과가 나타나 창의적 문제해결 수업이 아동의 창의성 향상에 효과가 있음을 알 수 있다. 이는 주변의 환경에 대해 민감한 관심을 보이고 이를 통해 새로운 탐색 영역을 넓히려는 민감성이 생겨났고, 의식적, 무의식적 강박 관념을 없애고 일단 떠오르는 모든 생각들을 수용하고 활용함으로써 특정한 문제 상황에서 가능한 한 많은 양의 아이디어를 산출할 수 있는 능력이 커졌으며, 자신에게 익숙한 관점에만 고착되어 문제를 해결하거나 결론을 내리는 경향에서 벗어나 고정적인 사고의 틀을 깨고 발상 자체를 전환시켜 유연하고 융통성 있게 생각이 변환되어 자기만의 독특한 아이디어를 산출할 수 있는 능력이 형성된 것으로 본다. 이상의 연구 결과를 볼 때, 초등실과환경 단원의 창의적 문제 해결 수업 모형의 적용은 아동의 환경의식과 창의성을 신장시킨다고 할 수 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.519-525
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• 2016

Background: The objective of this study was to report the types and relative frequency of oral malignancies and precancer in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia during the period 2009-2014. Materials and Methods: Pathology reports were retrieved from the archives of Histopathology Department, King Fahd hospital in Jazan. Demographic data on tobacco habits, clinical presentation and histologic grading of oral precancer and cancer cases were transcribed from the files. Results: 303 (42.7%) oral pre-malignant and malignant cases were found out of 714 oral biopsy lesions. A pathology diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (85.1%) was most frequent, followed by premalignant lesions/epithelial dysplasia (8.6%), verrucous carcinoma (3.3%) and malignancy of other histological types (3%) such as ameloblastic carcinoma, salivary gland malignancy and sarcomas. Oral squamous cell carcinoma was predominant in females with a male to female ratio of 1:1.9. Patient age ranged from 22 to 100 years with a mean of $65{\pm}13.9$. Almost 44.6% of oral cancer had occurred after 65 years of age. Only 16.3% cases were reported in patients younger than 50 years, predominantly females. The majority of female patients had the habit of using shammah with a long duration of usage for more than 45 years. Buccoalveolar mucosa (52.3%) was the common site of involvement followed by tongue/floor of the mouth (47.7%) and clinically presented mostly as ulceration/swelling clinically. Moderately differentiated tumours (53.9%) were common followed by well differentiated (32.2%) and poorly differentiated tumours (5.8%). The prevalence of oral verrucous carcinoma (3.3%) was comparatively low with an equal distribution in both males and females. Both bucco-alveolar mucosa and tongue were predominantly affected. Oral precancer/epithelial dysplasia (8.6%) was common in females with a shammah habit. Bucco-alveolar mucosa was commonly involved and clinically presented mostly as white/red patches. Most cases were mild followed by moderate and severe dysplasia. Tumours of other histological types (3%) include 1 ameloblastic carcinoma, 3 malignant salivary gland tumours and 5 sarcomas. Conclusions: In this study, it was found that oral cancers reported in the pathology service to be a common occurrence. This study reconfirms previous reports of the high burden of oral cancer in this population This indicates that conventional preventive programs focused on oral cancer are in need of revision. In addition, further research into identifying new risk factors and molecular markers for oral cancer are needed for screening high risk individuals.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.41-68
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• 1996

This thesis is a try for examining the historical characteristics of Constiutional medicine. For this purpose, I have examined their theory, and made a comparison carefully. Through this study, I have obtained several results as following. Both Chang and Lee lived in the time of change, which was unstable and uncertain. Under the condition, they both rejected following the existing trends of learned circles, and developed new thoughts and clinical techniques. They rejected superstitious beliefs and fatalism, and conducted the pursuit of experimental knowledge and rationale idea. Clinical experience was the very base of their study. They both criticized the bad habits of abuse of tonifing medication and health seeking. Especially Lee regarded control of emotion and regulation of a way of life as the best way for preservation of one's health. Chang regarded pathogenic factors as the ultimate factor of diseases, and strived for eliminating pathogenic factors, but L brought to a conclusion that the final factor of diseases was what is called "heart" itself, and emotional changes were the most essential causes of disease. It can be said that the pathogenesis insisted by Chang can be called The insistence that pathologic factors are the very etiology of all the disease (邪氣致病論), or all the diseases result from pathologic factors. And his whole remedy can be summarized as following, A study on the method of eliminating pathogenic factors. But the purpose of Constitutional medicine is to correct imbalance intrinsic to one's internal organs. In this aspect, Constitutional medicine is a "regulatory medicine". Depending on the classification of six vital substances, Chang classified all disease into six categories. These were based on symptoms and sings represented. While classification of diseases made by Lee was likely to rely upon constitutional characteristics. Chang thought that the three remedies made up of perspiration, purgation, vomiting were the most efficient way of eliminating pathogenic factors. Lee, however, thought those weren't methods of eliminating pathogenic factors but the best ways restoring one's self-regulation power. Chang thought that all the febrile disease essentially has a tendency in properties to belong to "heat", but Lee pointed out that pathologic processes are variable in accordance with constitutional features. They both regarded pathogenesis of diabetes as fire. That is to say, fire is the most essential factor of diabetes. And there are many risk factors such as inappropriate foods, drugs, climate, etc., but Lee thought what is most important is heart. Putting all accounts together, medical characteristics of Chang are similar to those of T aiyinjen and Shaoyangjen, and have no relation to those of those of Shaoyinjen. Therefore we can conclude that Chang understood pathologic processes of disease of T aiyinjen and Shaoyangjen, whether he knew about constitutional features or not.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.164-171
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• 2018

To improve the oral health status of Korean people, it is necessary to encourage proper oral hygiene management habits, such as toothbrushing, through appropriate health promotion techniques. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the removal of plaque and tooth abrasion using ultra-soft (filament 0.11~0.12 mm) and soft toothbrushes for toothbrushing. The plaque removal was performed using a dentiform and Arti-spray, and the Patient Hygiene Performance (PHP) index was calculated as the sum total score divided by the total number of surfaces. In the abrasivity experiment, according to the number of brushings, a micro Vickers hardness tester was used, and a sample in the range of 280~380 Vickers hardness number was selected. The number of toothbrushing stroke were 1,800 (2 months), 5,400 (6 months), 10,800 (12 months), and 21,600 (24 months). The tooth abrasion was measured using a scanning electron microscope. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 and a p-value <0.05 was considered significant. According to the results, there was no statistically significant difference in the degree of plaque removal between ultra-soft and soft toothbrushes. The difference in tooth abrasion between before and after toothbrushing was found to be greater with the soft toothbrushes than with the ultra-soft toothbrushes. Therefore, the ultra-soft toothbrush not only lowers tooth damage by reducing tooth abrasion, but also shows a similar ability to remove plaque as soft toothbrushes.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.335-348
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• 2007

This study aimed to investigate how the current elementary school teachers think about nutrition education, how they are teaching, and what kind of problems have occurred. And this study was made to provide basic materials to be used for the effective nutrition education in the elementary school. The survey was done on 60 elementary school teachers and 570 elementary school students of the 5th and 6th grade in Gyeonggi Province by questionnaire and analyzed for the perception of nutrition education, current status of nutrition education, nutrition knowledge and cooking knowledge. The average scores of nutrition knowledge were 2.72 for male and 3.75 for female students out of full score of 5. The fifth grade students learned more nutrition education than the sixth grade ones in accordance with the different curricula. Nutrition education was taught as apart of other subjects(87%) and mainly done by lectures. For most of the students, information source of the nutrition education was the meal service(47.4%) and the most common one was the Internet that 38.1 % of the teachers used. Most of the students responded that nutrition education was necessary in the curriculum of elementary school for proper growth(36.2%), intelligence(25.9%), health(21.5%), and dieting(16.4%). The perception for the suitable teacher was in the order of nutrition specialist and dietician. And the right time of the related class was in the order of spare time everyday, a special activity time, and the meal service time. The important contents of nutrition education were in the order of proper eating habits, growth & nutrition, food hygiene and diseases. Nutrition problems of the elementary students were in the order of unbalanced diet, too much ingestion of processed and instant foods, lack of table manners, and child fatness and weakness. 80.0% of the teachers supported the early nutrition education and demanded it should begin when children are in kindergarten. The analysis showed that nutrition education should be taught by parents(29.4%), teachers(29.2%), and nutritionists(25.9%) and that family and school should cooperate closely. Main responses of the teachers to the children's problems were that they had too much instant food, did not eat in a variety, and had no manners in eating. Ironically, they thought malnutrition, fainting and growth stunt were not important nutrition related problems.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.312-329
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• 2004

This study was examined 718 workers who had consistent blood pressure results in 2001 and 2002 general health examinations that were held at a work places managed by a health care agency in Seoul. Significant results are found as follows by analysing SPSS 11.0 on the result of self-recorded questionnaires investigated from Mar 1, 2003 to April 30, 2003. 1. A sampled healthy group and a sampled unhealthy group had significant differences in four variables out of possible nineteens that are sex, age, marriage and occupation. The unhealthy group had more males than females, more aged (over 50 years old) than youngers (under 50 years old), more married than singles, more manufacturing workers than non-manufacturing workers. In the case of systolic blood pressure, as the healthy group had 16.52mmHg while that of the other group had 149. 58mmHg, 33.06mmHg of difference between those groups were detected. In the case of diastolic blood pressure, 74.93mmHg of the healthy group and 96.53mmHg of the unhealthy group yielded 21.60mmHg of difference between them. This result implies that a guidance of health care is required to be aware of 20-30mmHg volatility in blood pressure rate or to understand and treat properly own blood pressure. as it is difficult to detect hypertension in early stage due to no initial symptom. According to the result. an establishment of management system of workers, companies and health care agencies is required for consist health care. 2. In terms of risky habits to health, the unhealthy group had more proportion of past smokers, over-twice-a-week drinkers, people with higher obesity rate. However, in terms of excercise, the proportion of regularly exercising people is higher in the unhealthy group while that of non-exercising people is higher in the healthy group. On the other hand. the average grade of health practicing behaviour in two groups are not significantly different as the health group had 3.00 out of possible 6.00 while the other had 3.10. This result means that as workers are not interested in health practicing behaviour. health promoting programmes must be developed in such a way of various method of motivations and incentives. Particularly this implies that distortional objectives of exercises should be readjusted through health guidance. 3. Systolic blood pressure in the healthy group can be explained by sex and the obesity rate while that in the unhealthy group can be explained by subjective health awareness and the obesity. Diastolic blood pressure in the healthy group can be explained by sex and the obesity rate like the former. The obesity rate was significant variable affecting the blood pressure of both groups, and particularly the effect to the unhealthy group was remarkably higher than that to the healthy group. Therefore, this research identified that the health care on the blood pressure of workers is not only limited to hypertension patients, but also extended to all workers. In order for consistent care, an establishment of management system of workers, companies and health care agencies is required.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.165-176
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of socio-demographic factors on food consumption frequencies among adolescents in Korea. Data were obtained from the Seventh Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2011 KYRBS), a nationwide representative sample of 75,643 (37,873 males and 37,770 females) middle and high school students. It was carried out as a self-administered on-line survey. The frequency of eating breakfast was 4.8 times per week for middle school students and 4.6 times per week for high school students (p < 0.001). Higher levels of perceived household economic status, family affluence scale (FAS) and education attainment of mother were associated with more frequent breakfast eating. The frequencies of consumption of vegetables and milk were higher in males than in females (p < 0.001). The frequency of consumption fruits was higher in females than in males (p < 0.01). Higher levels of perceived household economic status, FAS and education attainment of mother were associated with more frequent consumption of vegetable, fruits and milk. The frequencies of consumption of soda, fast food and instant noodls were higher in males than in females (p < 0.001). The frequency of consumption of snacks was higher in females than in males. Adolescents with lower levels of FAS and education attainment of mother were at risk for skipping breakfast and consuming of soda, fast food and instant noodls more frequently. Whereas, adolescents with higher levels of FAS, education attainment of mother were more likely to be frequent consumers of vegetable, fruits and milk. These findings demonstrated that being high school students and belonging to lower level of socio-economic status (SES) were associated with undesirable food habits.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.51-63
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• 1997

Changes in disease patterns increase the importance of health-promoting lifestyles in a healthy society. Thus health education in elementary schools is very important because the knowledge of health and health habits in this period become a habitual part of life. The purpose of this study is to identify the performance in promoting healthy lifestyles of elementary school nurses. Such data helps to provide data to judge whether they are capable health educators or not. The subjects were 365 elementary school nurses selected by purposive sample. The data were collected by a self reporting questionnaire from August to October of 1996. The methods used in this study were the health-promoting lifestyle profile developed by Park In Sook (1995) and Licker's flour-point scale. A Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, percentage, mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coffcient and stepwise multiple regression in the SAS package were used to analyze the data. The results of this study were as follows: 1. 37.7% of the sample were aged between 30 and 39 and 33.7% were between 40 and 49. 44.9% of the sample had attended college. 87.7% of the sample were married. 42.5% of the sample were people with a career of 11~20 years, and 26.0% of it had 21 years or more of working experience as an elementary school nurses. 2. The average scores of the family function and the social support were 2.97 and 2.98 respectively. 3. 86.5% of the sample were satisfied with their job. 4. 85.8% of the sample answered that they were healthy and 14.2% answered that they were unhealthy. The average scores of the internal health locus of control and self-esteem were 3.35 and 3.15 respectively. 5. The average score of performance in health-promoting lifestyle variables was 3.16; the average scores for harmonious relationships, regular diet professional health maintenance, sanitary life, self-control, emotional support, diet, rest and sleep, exercise and activity. self-achievement, and diet control were 3.47, 3.30, 2.52. 3.60, 2.92, 3.18, 3.14, 3.11, 2.96, 3.26 and 3.12. The variable with the highest degree of correlation was a sanitary life, whereas the one with the lowest degree was professional health maintenance. 6. A significant difference was found in self-esteem according to age. There was a significant difference in the average score of internal health locus of control according to age and career. 7. There were significant differences in the health-promoting lifestyle performance depending on age, career and monthly household income. The longer the career, the higher the health-promoting lifestyle performance. 8. A weak positive correlation was found between self-esteem and health-promoting lifestyles performance(r=0.417, p<0.001) Also, a weak positive correlation was found between the internal health locus of control and health-promoting lifestyles performance (r=0.386, p<0.001). 9. Heath-promoting lifestyle performance showed significant correlations with family function, social support and job satisfaction. 10. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor was the variance of family function. Social support, age, self-esteem, internal health locus of control, perceived heath status and job satisfaction accounted for 55.9% of the variance in heath-promoting lifestyle performance.